Four Comprehensives
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The Four Comprehensives, or the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy[1] (Chinese: 四个全面战略布局) is a list of political goals for China, put forward by Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 2014. They are:
- Comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society
- Comprehensively deepen reform
- Comprehensively govern the nation according to law
- Comprehensively strictly govern the Party.[2]
Some scholars argue that there are the same or very similar statements of the "four comprehensives" in Deng Xiaoping Theory.[3]
Comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society (Xiaokang society)
The term "moderately prosperous society" dated back to 1979, when Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping said to visiting Japanese Prime Minister Masayoshi Ōhira that "Xiaokang society was the goal of Chinese modernization".[4]
In 1997, the term "building a moderately prosperous society" was officially adopted in General Secretary Jiang Zemin's report to the 15th CCP National Congress.[5]
In 2002, the term was changed to "comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society" in the report to the 16th CCP National Congress.[6]
In 2012, "Completing the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects" was first introduced in Hu Jintao's report to the 18th CCP National Congress.[7]
Timeline[]
The Four Comprehensives have been developed incrementally during the early years of Xi's tenure:[8]
- November 2012: "Comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society" put forward at the 18th Party Congress
- November 2013: "Comprehensively deepen reform" put forward at the 3rd Central Committee Plenum
- early October 2014: "Comprehensively strictly govern the Party" put forward at the summary meeting of the Mass Line Campaign
- late October 2014: "Comprehensively govern the nation according to law" put forward during the 4th Central Committee Plenum
- November 2014: "Three Comprehensives" (absent the Party governance clause) formulated as a strategic bundle during Xi's tour of Fujian Province
- December 2014: "Three Comprehensives" amended to "Four Comprehensives" during Xi's tour of Jiangsu Province
- February 2015: Four Comprehensives unveiled as official Party and national strategy in advance of the Lianghui, the annual sessions of China's National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
References[]
- ^ "今年首批中央文献重要术语"外语版"出炉 共30个". www.guancha.cn. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
- ^ "China's Xi Jinping unveils new 'four comprehensives' slogans - BBC News". BBC News. February 25, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
- ^ "党媒造势"四个全面" 中共举新理论大旗_中国-多维新闻网". news.dwnews.com. February 26, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
- ^ 1097. "1979年12月6号 邓小平谈"小康"--资料中心--中国共产党新闻网". cpc.people.com.cn. Retrieved October 11, 2018.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- ^ "江泽民在中国共产党第十五次全国代表大会上的报告". www.gov.cn. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
- ^ "江泽民提出全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标". www.people.com.cn. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
- ^ 陈霞. "Full text: Report of Hu Jintao to the 18th CPC National Congress". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
- ^ "港媒："四个全面"凸显治国总体方略顶层设计". China News Service. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
See also[]
- Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party
- Xi Jinping