Freedom Caucus
Freedom Caucus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chairman | Andy Biggs |
| Vice Chairman | Jim Jordan |
| Founded | January 26, 2015 |
| Split from | Republican Study Committee |
| Ideology | Fiscal conservatism Social conservatism Libertarian conservatism Right-wing populism |
| Political position | Right-wing |
| National affiliation | Republican Party |
| Seats in House Republican Conference | 44 / 212 |
| Seats in the House | 44 / 435 |
| Website | |
| Campaign website | |
| |
| This article is part of a series on |
| Conservatism in the United States |
|---|
 Conservatism portal United States portal |
The Freedom Caucus, also known as the House Freedom Caucus, is a congressional caucus consisting of conservative Republican members of the United States House of Representatives. It is generally considered to be the most conservative bloc within the House Republican Conference.[1][2][3][4][5]
The caucus was formed in January 2015 by a group of conservatives and Tea Party movement members[6][7] with the aim of pushing the Republican leadership to the right.[2] Its first chairman, Jim Jordan, described the caucus as a "smaller, more cohesive, more agile and more active" group of conservative representatives.[8] Jordan was succeeded as chairman by Mark Meadows in January 2017,[9] who was then succeeded by Andy Biggs in October 2019.[10][11]
The Freedom Caucus is positioned on the right wing of the political spectrum,[12] with certain members holding right-wing populist beliefs[13] such as opposition to illegal immigration.[14] Its members hold socially and fiscally conservative views,[15][16][17] and most are supportive of Donald Trump.[18] It is also considered to be a libertarian caucus.[19][20] The caucus supports House candidates through its PAC, the House Freedom Fund.[21][22]
History[]
The caucus originated during the mid–January 2015 Republican congressional retreat in Hershey, Pennsylvania.[23] According to founding member Mick Mulvaney, "that was the first time we got together and decided we were a group, and not just a bunch of pissed-off guys".[24] Nine conservative active Republican members of the House began planning a new congressional caucus separate from the Republican Study Committee and apart from the House Republican Conference. The founding members who constituted the first board of directors for the new caucus were Republican representatives Scott Garrett of New Jersey, Jim Jordan of Ohio, John Fleming of Louisiana, Matt Salmon of Arizona, Justin Amash of Michigan, Raúl Labrador of Idaho, Mick Mulvaney of South Carolina, Ron DeSantis of Florida and Mark Meadows of North Carolina.[25]
Mick Mulvaney told Ryan Lizza of the New Yorker "We had twenty names, and all of them were terrible," Mulvaney said. "None of us liked the Freedom Caucus, either, but it was so generic and so universally awful that we had no reason to be against it." In the same interview, Lizza reported that "one of the working titles for the group was the Reasonable Nutjob Caucus."[26][24]
During the crisis over the funding of the Department of Homeland Security in early 2015, the caucus offered four plans for resolution, but all were rejected by the Republican leadership. One of the caucus leaders, Raúl Labrador of Idaho, said the caucus would offer an alternative that the most conservative Republican members could support.[27][needs update]
Following the election of Donald Trump, Mick Mulvaney said "Trump wants to turn Washington upside down — that was his first message and his winning message. We want the exact same thing. To the extent that he's got to convince Republicans to change Washington, we're there to help him ... and I think that makes us Donald Trump's best allies in the House."[28]
Opposition to Speaker of the House John Boehner[]
The newly formed group declared that a criterion for new members in the group would be opposition to John Boehner as Speaker of the House and willingness to vote against or thwart Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John Boehner on legislation that the group opposed.[29]
The House Freedom Caucus was involved in the resignation of Boehner on September 25, 2015, and the ensuing leadership battle for the new speaker.[30] Members of the caucus who had voted against Boehner for speaker felt unfairly punished, accusing him of cutting them off from positions in the Republican Study Committee and depriving them of key committee assignments.[31][32] Boehner found it increasingly difficult to manage House Republicans with the fierce opposition of conservative members of the Republican Party in the House, and he sparred with those House Republicans in 2013 over their willingness to shut down the government in pursuit of goals such as repealing the Affordable Care Act. These Republicans later created and became members of the Freedom Caucus when it was created in 2015.[29][33][34][35]
After Boehner resigned as speaker, Kevin McCarthy, the House majority leader, was initially the lead contender to succeed him, but the Freedom Caucus withheld its support.[36] However, McCarthy withdrew from the race on October 8, 2015, after appearing to suggest that the Benghazi investigation's purpose had been to lower the approval ratings of Hillary Clinton.[37][38] On the same day as McCarthy's withdrawal, Reid Ribble resigned from the Freedom Caucus saying he had joined to promote certain policies and could not support the role that it was playing in the leadership race.[39]
On October 20, 2015, Paul Ryan announced that his bid for the speaker of the United States House of Representatives was contingent on an official endorsement by the Freedom Caucus.[40] While the group could not reach the 80% approval that was needed to give an official endorsement, on October 21, 2015, it announced that it had reached a supermajority support for Ryan.[41] On October 29, 2015, Ryan succeeded John Boehner as the speaker of the House.[42]
Backlash in 2016[]
The group faced backlash from the Republican Party establishment during the 2016 election cycle.[43] One of its members, Congressman Tim Huelskamp, a Tea Party Republican representing Kansas' First District, was defeated during a primary election on August 2, 2016, by Roger Marshall.[44]
Rejection of American Health Care Act in 2017[]
On March 24, 2017, the American Health Care Act (AHCA), the House Republican bill to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, was withdrawn by Republican House speaker Paul Ryan because it lacked the votes to pass, due in large part to opposition from Freedom Caucus Republicans who believed that the replacement provisions had the effect of failing to repeal some elements of the original Affordable Care Act.[45][46][47]
Two days later, President Donald Trump publicly criticized the Freedom Caucus and other right-wing groups, such as the Club for Growth and Heritage Action, that opposed the bill. Trump tweeted: "Democrats are smiling in D.C. that the Freedom Caucus, with the help of Club For Growth and Heritage, have saved Planned Parenthood & Obamacare!"[48][49] On the same day, Congressman Ted Poe of Texas resigned from the Freedom Caucus.[50] On March 30, 2017, Trump "declared war" on the Freedom Caucus, sending a tweet urging Republicans to "fight them" in the 2018 midterm elections "if they don’t get on the team" (i.e., support Trump's proposals).[51] Vocal Freedom Caucus member Justin Amash responded by accusing Trump of "succumb[ing] to the D.C. Establishment."[52]
Trump later developed a closer relationship with the caucus chair, Mark Meadows.[53] In April 2018, Trump described three caucus members—Meadows, Jim Jordan, and Ron DeSantis—as "absolute warriors" for their defense of him during the course of the Special Counsel investigation.[54]
Criticism from Boehner[]
On October 30, 2017, Vanity Fair published an interview with Republican former House speaker John Boehner, who said of the Freedom Caucus: "They can't tell you what they're for. They can tell you everything they're against. They're anarchists. They want total chaos. Tear it all down and start over. That's where their mindset is."[55]
Impeachment proceedings against President Trump[]
In May 2019, the Freedom Caucus officially condemned one of its founding members, Justin Amash, after he called for the impeachment of President Trump.[56] Amash announced in June 2019 that he had left the caucus, saying "I didn't want to be a further distraction for the group."[57]
Members of the Freedom Caucus have taken an active role in the impeachment investigation into President Trump that was launched in September 2019. Members of the Caucus have called for the release of the full transcript of former U.S. special envoy to Ukraine Kurt Volker's testimony to Congress.[58]
The caucus was described as "Trump's main defender" during the impeachment proceedings in the House.[59]
Meadows' appointment as WH chief of staff and Liz Cheney criticism[]
In March 2020, former Freedom Caucus chair Mark Meadows was appointed as White House chief of staff, replacing Mick Mulvaney, who was also a founding member of the Freedom Caucus.[60]
Freedom Caucus members have called on Liz Cheney to resign as Chair of the House Republican Conference, due to her vocal criticism of Trump's foreign policy, response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and use of social media,[61] leading to her firing May 12, 2021 and replacement with Elise Stefanik two days later.
2020 National Defense Authorization Act[]
In December 2020, the caucus sided with Donald Trump and opposed the NDAA on the grounds that it did not include a provision to repeal Section 230.[62]
Leadership[]
The current chair of the caucus is Representative Andy Biggs from Arizona, with Representative Jim Jordan as the deputy chair.
| Chair | Term start | Term end | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jim Jordan | 
|
February 11, 2015 | January 3, 2017 |
| Mark Meadows | 
|
January 3, 2017 | October 1, 2019 |
| Andy Biggs | 
|
October 1, 2019 | January 1, 2022 |
| Scott Perry | 
|
January 1, 2022 | Elect[63] |
Membership[]
Membership policy[]
The House Freedom Caucus does not disclose the names of its members and membership is by invitation only.[64][65] The New York Times wrote in October 2015 that the caucus usually meets "in the basement of a local pub rather than at the Capitol".[66] The caucus acts as a bloc, with decisions that are supported by 80 percent made binding on all of its members, which has strengthened its influence among House Republicans.[2]
Historical membership[]
As the HFC does not publicize a full membership list, the known number of members at the start of each electoral cycle is listed below.
| Election year | Overall seats | Republican seats | ± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 36 / 435
|
36 / 241
|
New |
| 2018 | 37 / 435
|
37 / 199
|
+1 |
| 2020 | 46 / 435
|
46 / 212
|
+9 |
Current members[]
A number of members have identified themselves, or have been identified by others, as belonging to the Freedom Caucus. There are at least 44 caucus members as of December 2021; those members include:
- Barry Moore (AL-2)[67]
- Mo Brooks (AL-5)[68]
- Gary Palmer (AL-6)[69]
Arizona
- Paul Gosar (AZ-4)[70]
- Andy Biggs (AZ-5) – Chair[71]
- David Schweikert (AZ-6)[72]
- Debbie Lesko (AZ-8)[73]
Colorado
Florida
Georgia
- Andrew Clyde (GA-9)[81]
- Jody Hice (GA-10)[82]
- Marjorie Taylor Greene (GA-14)[83]
Idaho
- Russ Fulcher (ID-1)[84]
Illinois
- Mary Miller (IL-15)[85]
Louisiana
Maryland
- Andy Harris (MD-1)[88]
Montana
- Matt Rosendale (MT-AL)[89]
New Mexico
- Yvette Herrell (NM-2)[90]
North Carolina
- Greg Murphy (NC-3)[91]
- Dan Bishop (NC-9)[91]
- Madison Cawthorn (NC-11)[92]
- Ted Budd (NC-13)[93]
Ohio
Pennsylvania
- Scott Perry (PA-10)[96]
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
- Louie Gohmert (TX-1)[101]
- Ronny Jackson (TX-13)[102]
- Randy Weber (TX-14)[103]
- Chip Roy (TX-21)[104]
- Michael Cloud (TX-27)[105]
Virginia
West Virginia
- Alex Mooney (WV-2)[109]
Wisconsin
- Tom Tiffany (WI-7)[110]
Former members[]
In the 115th Congress, the group had about 36 members.[64]
- Justin Amash of Michigan (left caucus in 2019)[57]
- Brian Babin of Texas (left caucus in 2017)[111]
- Joe Barton of Texas (retired in 2018)[112]
- Rod Blum of Iowa (defeated in 2018 general election)[96]
- Dave Brat of Virginia (defeated in 2018 general election)[113]
- Jim Bridenstine of Oklahoma (resigned in 2018 to become NASA Administrator)[114]
- Curt Clawson of Florida (retired in 2016)[115]
- Ron DeSantis of Florida[94] (retired in 2018 to successfully run for Governor of Florida)
- John Fleming of Louisiana (retired in 2016 to unsuccessfully run for nomination as Senator from Louisiana)[116]
- Scott Garrett of New Jersey (defeated in 2016 general election)[94]
- Tom Garrett Jr. of Virginia (retired in 2018)[117]
- Tim Huelskamp of Kansas (defeated for renomination in 2016 primary election)[118]
- Raúl Labrador of Idaho (retired in 2018 to run unsuccessfully for nomination as Governor of Idaho)[94]
- Doug Lamborn of Colorado (left caucus in 2016)[119]
- Barry Loudermilk of Georgia (declined to renew membership for the 115th Congress)[82][120]
- Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming (retired in 2016 to successfully run for U.S. Senate in Wyoming))[121]
- Tom McClintock of California (left caucus in 2015)[114]
- Mark Meadows of North Carolina (resigned in 2020 to become White House Chief of Staff)[94][64]
- Mick Mulvaney of South Carolina (resigned in 2017 to become OMB Director)[94]
- Steve Pearce of New Mexico (retired in 2018 to run unsuccessfully for Governor of New Mexico)[121]
- Ted Poe of Texas (left caucus in 2017)[122]
- Reid Ribble of Wisconsin (left caucus in 2015)[39]
- Denver Riggleman of Virginia (defeated for renomination in 2020 primary election)[123]
- Dana Rohrabacher of California (defeated in 2018 general election)[124][125]
- Keith Rothfus of Pennsylvania (left caucus in 2016)[126][127]
- Matt Salmon of Arizona (retired in 2016)[94]
- Mark Sanford of South Carolina (defeated in 2018 primary election)[96]
- Marlin Stutzman of Indiana (retired in 2016 to unsuccessfully run for nomination as Senator from Indiana)[96]
- Ron Wright of Texas (died in 2021)[128]
- Ted Yoho of Florida (retired in 2020)[129]
See also[]
- Blue Dog Coalition
- Factions in the Republican Party (United States)
- Liberty Caucus
- Republican Liberty Caucus
- Republican Main Street Partnership
- Tea Party Caucus
- Tuesday Group
- Second Amendment Caucus
- Caucuses of the United States Congress
Further reading[]
References[]
- ^ Carl, Jeremy (October 13, 2015). "The Freedom Caucus Is a Rebellion That Could Change the GOP's Future". Archived from the original on December 13, 2018. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
- ^ a b c Desilver, Drew (October 20, 2015). "House Freedom Caucus: What is it, and who's in it?". Pew Research Center. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
- ^ Ethier, Beth (January 26, 2015). "House Conservatives Form "Freedom Caucus" as Right-Wing Rebellion Continues". Slate Magazine. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ Lauren Fox, Why (almost) everyone hates the House Freedom Caucus, CNN (March 24, 2017): "At first, there were just nine of them, but the group, which is considered the most far-right flank of the Republican conference, grew."
- ^ Mark Barrett, Meadows in line to lead House’s most conservative wing, ‘’Asheville Citizen-Times’’ (December 3, 2016): "the House Freedom Caucus, which occupies the furthest-right position on the ideological spectrum in the U.S. House..."
- ^ French, Lauren. "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus". POLITICO. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ Ferrechio, Susan (January 26, 2015). "Conservative lawmakers form House Freedom Caucus". Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ Eaton, Sabrina (February 11, 2015). "It's official: Rep. Jim Jordan now chairs the House Freedom Caucus". Cleveland. Archived from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ "Mark Meadows Elected House Freedom Caucus Chairman". Roll Call. December 6, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ Zanona, Melanie. "House Freedom Caucus picks Andy Biggs as new chairman". POLITICO. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ "NC's Mark Meadows out as head of Freedom Caucus". NC Policy Watch. September 20, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ The Freedom Caucus has been widely described as right-wing:
- "The Right-Wing 'Freedom Caucus' Says It's Going to Kill Trumpcare". Retrieved April 10, 2017.
- "GOP Centrists, Not Freedom Caucus, Are Blocking Deal To Replace Obamacare". Forbes. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
The conventional wisdom—repeated by President Trump—is that the right-wing House Freedom Caucus is singlehandedly blocking Republican attempts to repeal and replace Obamacare.
- "Meet the Right-Wing Rebels Who Overthrew John Boehner". Rolling Stone. October 6, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
- "Republican quits House Freedom Caucus". Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
Rep. Ted Poe (R-Texas) resigned Sunday from the House Freedom Caucus, indicating he did so because he wanted to vote for the Republican healthcare proposal the right-wing caucus so adamantly opposed.
- "Why liberals have learned to love the GOP Freedom Caucus". Newsweek. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
Because every Republican in Congress is well aware that the Tea Party and the Freedom Caucus are the culmination of American right-wing ideology, and have no interest in compromising on their ideological principles.
- "A House divided". The New Yorker. December 7, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
Meadows is one of the more active members of the House Freedom Caucus, an invitation-only group of about forty right-wing conservatives that formed at the beginning of this year.
- French, Lauren (March 14, 2016). "House Freedom Caucus to break with leadership on budget". Politico. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
Budget Committee Chairman Tom Price of Georgia and Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) have labored to gain the support of the far-right caucus
- Thrush, Glenn (March 25, 2017). "Trump Becomes Ensnared in Fiery G.O.P. Civil War". New York Times.
- Fabian, Jordan (March 30, 2017). "Trump on the warpath against Freedom Caucus". The Hill. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
- Woolf, Nicky (October 7, 2015). "Republicans in Freedom Caucus support Florida conservative as speaker". The Guardian.
- Newhauser, Daniel (June 24, 2015). "Boehner-vs.-Freedom-Caucus Battle Escalates". National Journal. Archived from the original on July 28, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- Sullivan, Sean (March 4, 2015). "Insurgent bloc of House conservatives proving to be a thorn in Boehner's side". Washington Post. Retrieved July 22, 2015. Bush, Daniel (January 22, 2018). "Who's to blame for the government shutdown? A look at the political fallout". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
- ^ "In The Freedom Caucus, Trump Meets His Match". theatlantic.com. The Atlantic. April 7, 2017.
- ^ Taylor, Tyler (January 28, 2015). "House Freedom Caucus Delays Immigration Bill". Headlines and Global News. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ Reilly, Mollie (October 21, 2015). "House Conservatives Support Paul Ryan For Speaker, But Won't Formally Endorse Him". Huffington Post. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
- ^ "Paul Ryan vs. House Freedom Caucus: Who will blink first in speaker's race?". Los Angeles Times. October 16, 2015.
- ^ "After Boehner ouster, quiet period, Freedom Caucus attacks on IRS, ObamaCare". Fox News. December 10, 2016.
- ^ Swan, Jonathan. "Trump allies blame conservative leader for failed Texas endorsement". Axios. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
- ^ Friedman, Dan (July 13, 2016). "For These House Republicans, the NRA's Seal of Approval Isn't Enough". The Trace. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
- ^ Loiaconi, Stephen (March 24, 2017). "For Freedom Caucus, defying Trump could have consequences". WJLA-TV. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
The House Freedom Caucus, a cadre of conservatives, libertarians and others who have shown no hesitation to buck the party leadership, has been heavily critical of the AHCA
- ^ Boguhn, Ally. "The House Freedom Fund Bankrolls Some of Congress' Most Anti-Choice Candidates". Rewire News. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018.
- ^ Wong, Scott (May 22, 2018). "Freedom Caucus bruised but unbowed in GOP primary fights". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 11, 2018.
- ^ Wofford, Ben. "Charlie Dent's War". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Lizza, Ryan (December 7, 2015). "The War Inside the Republican Party". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
- ^ French, Lauren (January 26, 2015). "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus". Politico. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
- ^ "House Freedom Caucus was Born in Hershey". Retrieved November 16, 2019.
- ^ French, Lauren (March 3, 2015). "Conservatives offer John Boehner another DHS deal". Politico. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ Bade, Rachael (November 13, 2016). "Can the Freedom Caucus survive Donald Trump?". Politico. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Lizza, Ryan. "A House Divided". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
- ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (September 25, 2015). "John Boehner, House Speaker, Will Resign From Congress". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
- ^ Marcos, Cristina. "Boehner rebels replaced on committee". The Hill. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ Wong, Scott (June 27, 2015). "The dozen rebels targeted by GOP leaders". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ "A Brief History of the 2013 Government Shutdown". www.mediaite.com. Archived from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
- ^ Jacobs, Ryan (October 4, 2013). "32 Republicans Who Caused the Government Shutdown". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ Lizza, Ryan (December 14, 2015). "A House Divided". Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ "Kevin McCarthy Announces Run for Speaker of the House". The Atlantic. September 28, 2015. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
- ^ Costa, Mike DeBonis, Robert; Helderman, Rosalind S. (October 8, 2015). "House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy drops out of race for House speaker". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
- ^ "In Context: What Kevin McCarthy said about Hillary Clinton and Benghazi". PolitiFact. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- ^ a b "Rep. Ribble leaves Freedom Caucus over moves in leadership race". Politico. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- ^ David M. Herszenhorn (October 21, 2015), "Freedom Caucus Is Key to Paul Ryan House Speaker Decision", The New York Times
- ^ DeBonis, Mike; Costa, Robert (October 21, 2015). "'Supermajority' of House Freedom Caucus to back Paul Ryan's speaker bid". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
- ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (October 29, 2015). "Paul Ryan Is Elected House Speaker, Hoping to Manage Chaos". The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ Schneider, Elena (August 15, 2016). "The GOP establishment strikes back". Politico. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
- ^ Robertson, Joe; Tate, Curtis (August 2, 2016). "Tea party's Tim Huelskamp ousted by challenger Roger Marshall in Kansas congressional race". The Kansas City Star.
- ^ "Breaking: House Republicans withdraw health care bill". KFOR-TV. CNN Wire. March 24, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Freedom Caucus members stood by their ideological objections to a bill they say does not go far enough in repealing Obamacare.
- ^ Shannon Pettypiece Jennifer Jacobs & Billy House, Trump Meets Freedom Caucus and Result Is Legislative Disaster, Bloomberg (March 25, 2017).
- ^ Eliza Collins, Collapse of Obamacare repeal plan puts Freedom Caucus in complicated spot, USA Today (March 24, 2017): "While the bill faced critics from all factions of the party, no group played more of a role in sinking the legislation than the Freedom Caucus."
- ^ "Trump tweets about Democrats, Freedom Caucus after health care bill fails". CBS News. March 26, 2017.
- ^ Weber, Joseph (March 26, 2017). "Trump hits Freedom Caucus, Washington conservatives for nixing ObamaCare overhaul". Fox News.
- ^ Abby Livingston, "U.S. Rep. Ted Poe resigns from Freedom Caucus", Texas Tribune (March 26, 2017).
- ^ Glenn Thrush, "'We Must Fight Them': Trump Goes After Conservatives of Freedom Caucus", The New York Times (March 30, 2017).
- ^ Jordan Fabian, Trump threatens to 'fight' Freedom Caucus in midterms, The Hill (March 30, 2017).
- ^ Golshan, Tara (August 28, 2017). "Meet the most powerful man in the House". Vox. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
- ^ Cheney, Kyle (May 7, 2018). "Trump's GOP 'warriors' lead charge against Mueller". Politico. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- ^ Nguyen, Tina (October 30, 2017). ""Idiots," "Anarchists," and "Assholes": Boehner Unloads on Republicans". The Hive. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
- ^ "House Freedom Caucus votes to condemn Amash's impeachment comments". The Hill. May 20, 2019.
- ^ a b Byrd, Haley; Sullivan, Kate (June 11, 2019). "Justin Amash leaves the conservative Freedom Caucus". CNN.
- ^ Swanson, Ian (October 8, 2019). "Freedom Caucus demands release of full Volker transcript". TheHill. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
- ^ Andrews, Natalie; Wise, Lindsay (November 8, 2019). "House Freedom Caucus Emerges as Trump's Main Defender". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "Trump Names Mark Meadows Chief of Staff, Ousting Mick Mulvaney". New York Times. March 6, 2020.
- ^ "House conservatives pile on Cheney at GOP conference meeting". Politico. July 21, 2020.
- ^ Gould, Joe (December 8, 2020). "Defying Trump, House approves defense bill with veto-proof majority". defensenews.com. Sightline Media Group. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
The House Freedom Caucus, a bloc of roughly three-dozen conservatives, backed Trump's position Tuesday and said its members would vote against the bill.
- ^ Falconer, Rebecca (November 16, 2021). "House Freedom Caucus elects GOP Rep. Scott Perry as next chair". Axios. Retrieved November 18, 2021.
- ^ a b c Huetteman, Emmarie (March 20, 2017). "On Health Law, G.O.P. Faces a Formidable Policy Foe: House Republicans". The New York Times. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
So secretive that it will not disclose the names of its members, […] the roughly three dozen
- ^ Benen, Steve (February 13, 2020). "House Freedom Caucus members move from the fringe to power". MSNBC. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- ^ Herszenhorn, David M. (October 7, 2015). "Hard-Line Republicans Want to Change More Than House Speaker". The New York Times. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- ^ "Committees and Caucuses | Representative Barry Moore". barrymoore.house.gov. January 3, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ Wong, Scott; Shabad, Rebecca; Marcos, Cristina (February 26, 2015). "House will vote Friday to prevent Homeland Security shutdown". The Hill. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ Wong, Scott (December 4, 2020). "McCarthy woos Freedom Caucus with eye on Speakership". The Hill. Retrieved June 7, 2021 – via MSN.
Gary Palmer (Ala.), a Freedom Caucus member
- ^ Garcia, Eric (July 18, 2018). "Gosar Endorses Ward Over McSally in Arizona Senate Race". Roll Call. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
- ^ Hansen, Ronald J. (March 24, 2017). "Two Arizona Republican House members helped sink 'Obamacare' repeal". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
- ^ "NRCC Names First Female Head of Recruitment". Roll Call. January 12, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ Sanchez, Yvonne Wingett; Hansen, Ronald J. (July 16, 2018). "McCain and Flake ripped Trump's Putin performance, but other Ariz. reps mostly silent". Arizona Republic. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ "Committees and Caucuses | Representative Lauren Boebert". boebert.house.gov. January 3, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "In HBO film, Ken Buck suggests he will leave Congress soon". The Denver Post. August 2, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ Some sources state that Gaetz is "close to" the caucus, e.g.: Lucas, John (July 13, 2018). "President Trump takes a break from his European visit to endorse Rep. Matt Gaetz". The Capitolist. Retrieved October 15, 2018. / Smith, Allan; Perticone, Joe (January 13, 2018). "The most conservative congressmen are going all-out to fight for Trump against Mueller and the Russia probe". Business Insider. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^ Provenzano, Brianna. "Who's in the House Freedom Caucus? Here's a list of Republicans in the group". Mic. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "As House Republicans Brace for Losses, Freedom Caucus Prepares for Growth". Roll Call. October 31, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ 2020 (November 4, 2020). "House Freedom Caucus Could Add 7 New Conservative Members". The Daily Signal. Retrieved February 28, 2021.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- ^ "Byron Donalds says he'll join House Freedom and Black Congressional Caucuses · the Floridian". September 18, 2020.
- ^ Haroun, Azmi. "13 members of the pro-Trump House Freedom Caucus refused to condemn Myanmar's generals who violently overthrew elected leaders". Business Insider. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ a b Darnell, Tim (March 19, 2015). "Can the House Freedom Caucus save the GOP?". Peach Pundit. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ "Caucuses". U.S. Representative Greene. January 3, 2021. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
- ^ "Committees and Caucuses". Congressman Russ Fulcher. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ "Who is Mary Miller, Republican representative for Illinois' 15th Congressional District?". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "Committees & Caucuses". Congressman Clay Higgins. December 13, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ Desiderio, Andrew (November 28, 2018). "Meet the Double Agent Who Now Controls House Conservatives". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ Campbell, Colin. "Rep. Andy Harris, House Freedom Caucus send letter urging Trump to reopen economy". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "Committees and Caucuses". U.S. Representative Matt Rosendale. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
- ^ "Tea Party-linked Super PAC to spend $100K to support Herrell". KOB 4. May 4, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ a b HFF (September 13, 2019), Two Big Wins in North Carolina, House Freedom Fund
- ^ "Congressman Cawthorn Joins the House Freedom Caucus" (Press release). Madison Cawthorn. October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ Dexheimer, Elizabeth (July 5, 2017). "Taking Wall Street's Side, Young Congressman Infuriates Allies". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Budd affiliated himself with the Freedom Caucus
- ^ a b c d e f g French, Lauren (January 26, 2015). "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus". Politico. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ "Boehner's successor joins Freedom Caucus". Politico. June 9, 2016.
- ^ a b c d "House Freedom Caucus Forms 'Fight Club' in House". 218. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- ^ Palmer, Anna; French, Lauren (February 5, 2015). "Ron DeSantis, Jeff Duncan quit House whip team". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ Lovegrove, Jamie (July 2, 2018). "Freedom Caucus chairman Mark Meadows to headline South Carolina GOP fundraiser". The Post and Courier. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- ^ Broden, Scott (April 22, 2015). "DesJarlais raises $144,677 for 2016 campaign". The Daily News Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ "Committees". Congressman Mark Green. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "Rep. Gohmert: Dem's Equality Act is "All About Power," Eviscerates First Amendment". Louie Gohmert. February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "HFF — Three New Endorsements". www.housefreedomfund.com. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ Drew DeSilver (October 20, 2015), What is the House Freedom Caucus, and who's in it?, Pew Research Center
- ^ Daniella Diaz. "House Freedom Caucus members question Liz Cheney's leadership again after her latest Trump comments". CNN. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "Accountability For China, COVID-19 Relief Package Among Issues To Be Addressed By House Freedom Caucus Today" (Press release). Falkirk Center for Faith and Liberty. PR Newswire. July 27, 2020. Retrieved April 1, 2021 – via Associated Press.
HFC Members: ... Michael Cloud
- ^ "Committees and Caucuses". Representative Bob Good. January 3, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
- ^ Fox, Lauren; Raju, Manu; Grayer, Annie; Diaz, Daniella (May 12, 2021). "Elise Stefanik faces increased conservative headwinds in rise to leadership". CNN. Retrieved June 7, 2021.
Freedom Caucus member Ben Cline
- ^ Zanona, Melanie. "Freedom Caucus member tests positive for coronavirus". POLITICO. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ Zanona, Melanie. "GOP Rep. Mooney wants to condemn lawmakers who call on Trump to concede". POLITICO. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ Bridget Bowman (February 11, 2020), Outside groups flock to Wisconsin race to replace Sean Duffy, Roll Call, archived from the original on November 25, 2020, retrieved May 20, 2020
- ^ Marcos, Christina (April 27, 2017). "Texas Republican departs Freedom Caucus". The Hill. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
- ^ Livingston, Abby (March 26, 2017). "U.S. Rep. Ted Poe resigns from Freedom Caucus". Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ @DaveBratVA7th (March 13, 2015). "Proud to be part of House Freedom Caucus" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ a b Fuller, Matt (September 16, 2015). "House Freedom Caucus Loses Member Over Planned Parenthood". CNN. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
- ^ Newhauser, Daniel; Mimms, Sarah; Roubein, Rachel (February 26, 2015). "Boehner Has a Plan to Avoid a DHS Shutdown – But It Might Not Pass". National Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ "Senate confirms Fleming as assistant secretary of commerce for economic development". Bossier Press-Tribune. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
- ^ Portnoy, Jenna (March 15, 2017). "Three Virginia GOP congressmen, including Rep. Tom Garrett in 5th District, line up against GOP health care plan". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
- ^ "Tim Huelskamp, Anti-Establishment House Republican, Loses Primary in Kansas". New York Times. August 3, 2016.
- ^ "Doug Lamborn: Health care bill's failure a 'setback,' not the end of effort to repeal Obamacare". Colorado Springs Gazette. March 24, 2017.
- ^ Hallerman, Tamar (March 2, 2017). "Barry Loudermilk quietly leaves the House Freedom Caucus". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
- ^ a b Wong, Scott; Marcos, Cristina (June 27, 2015). "The dozen rebels targeted by GOP leaders". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 28, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- ^ Fox, Lauren (March 26, 2017). "Rep. Poe resigns from House Freedom Caucus". CNN. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ "Virginia Republican who officiated gay wedding loses nomination for Congress". The Guardian. Associated Press. June 14, 2020. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
Riggleman, a member of the conservative House Freedom Caucus, ...
- ^ "U.S. Rep. Dana Rohrabacher endorses Dr. Kelli Ward for United States Senate". January 23, 2018. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
- ^ Schelzig, Erik (July 2, 2018). "GOP Rep. Rohrabacher campaigns for Matheny". The Tennessee Journal. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
- ^ Mauriello, Tracie (January 6, 2017). "Freedom Caucus may play role in alternate Obamacare repeal timeline". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
- ^ Cohn, Nate; Bloch, Matthew; Quealy, Kevin (February 19, 2018). "The New Pennsylvania House Districts Are In. We Review the Mapmakers' Choices". The Upshot. The New York Times. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
- ^ Traub, Alex (February 9, 2021). "Ron Wright, Texas Conservative, Dies at 67". The New York Times. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
- ^ "Freedom Caucus Member Rep. Ted Yoho Weighs In On Government Shutdown". National Public Radio. January 3, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
Ted Yoho is a member of the Freedom Caucus.
External links[]
- Cristina Marcos (January 26, 2015). "House conservatives form 'Freedom Caucus'". The Hill.
- Jeremy Carl (October 13, 2015). "The Freedom Caucus Is a Rebellion That Could Change the GOP's Future". Time.
- Linda Killian (October 10, 2015). "How House Freedom Caucus Has Alienated Members – and Risks Its Agenda". The Wall Street Journal.
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