List of vice presidents of the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There have been 49 vice presidents of the United States since the office came into existence in 1789. Originally, the vice president was the person who received the second most votes for president in the Electoral College. However, in the election of 1800 a tie in the electoral college between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr led to the selection of the president by the House of Representatives. To prevent such an event from happening again, the Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution, creating the current system where electors cast a separate ballot for the vice presidency.[1]

The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of succession and assumes the presidency if the president dies, resigns, or is impeached and removed from office.[2] Nine vice presidents have ascended to the presidency in this way – eight (John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, Chester A. Arthur, Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, Harry S. Truman, and Lyndon B. Johnson) through the president's death and one (Gerald Ford) through the president's resignation. In addition, the vice president serves as the president of the Senate and may choose to cast a tie-breaking vote on decisions made by the Senate. Vice presidents have exercised this latter power to varying extents over the years.[1]

Prior to adoption of the Twenty-fifth Amendment in 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the office of the vice president could not be filled until the next post-election inauguration. Several such vacancies occurred—seven vice presidents died, one resigned and eight succeeded to the presidency. This amendment allowed for a vacancy to be filled through appointment by the president and confirmation by both chambers of the Congress. Since its ratification, the vice presidency has been vacant twice (both in the context of scandals surrounding the Nixon administration) and was filled both times through this process, namely in 1973 following Spiro Agnew's resignation, and again in 1974 after Gerald Ford succeeded to the presidency.[1] The amendment also established a procedure whereby a vice president may, if the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the office, temporarily assume the powers and duties of the office as acting president. Three vice presidents have briefly acted as president under the 25th Amendment: George H. W. Bush on July 13, 1985; Dick Cheney on June 29, 2002 and on July 21, 2007; and Kamala Harris on November 19, 2021.

The persons who have served as vice president were born in or primarily affiliated with 27 states plus the District of Columbia. New York has produced the most of any state as eight have been born there and three others considered it their home state. Most vice presidents have been in their 50s or 60s and had political experience prior to assuming the office.[1] The youngest person to become vice president was John C. Breckinridge at 36 years of age while the oldest was Alben W. Barkley at 71 years of age. Two vice presidents—George Clinton and John C. Calhoun—served under more than one president.

There are currently five living former vice presidents. The most recent former vice president to die was Walter Mondale on April 19, 2021.

Vice presidents[]

#[a] Portrait Vice President Term Party[b] Election President
1 Official Presidential portrait of John Adams (by John Trumbull, circa 1792).jpg John Adams
(1735–1826)
[3][4][5]
April 21, 1789[c]

March 4, 1797
Pro-Administration[d] 1788–89 George Washington[e]
Federalist 1792
2 Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg Thomas Jefferson
(1743–1826)
[6][7][8]
March 4, 1797

March 4, 1801
Democratic-Republican 1796 John Adams[f]
3 Vanderlyn Burr.jpg Aaron Burr
(1756–1836)
[9]
March 4, 1801

March 4, 1805
Democratic-Republican 1800 Thomas Jefferson
4 George Clinton by Ezra Ames.jpg George Clinton[g]
(1739–1812)
[10]
March 4, 1805

April 20, 1812
Democratic-Republican 1804
1808 James Madison
Office vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813[h]
5 Nathaniel Jocelyn - Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814) - 1943.1816 - Harvard Art Museums.jpg Elbridge Gerry[g]
(1744–1814)
[11]
March 4, 1813

November 23, 1814
Democratic-Republican 1812
Office vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817[h]
6 Daniel D Tompins by John Wesley Jarvis.jpg Daniel D. Tompkins
(1774–1825)
[12]
March 4, 1817

March 4, 1825
Democratic-Republican 1816 James Monroe
1820
7 John C Calhoun by Mathew Brady, 1849.png John C. Calhoun[i]
(1782–1850)
[13]
March 4, 1825

December 28, 1832
Democratic-Republican 1824 John Q. Adams
Nullifier[j] 1828 Andrew Jackson[k]
Office vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833[h]
8 Martin Van Buren.jpg Martin Van Buren
(1782–1862)
[14][15][16]
March 4, 1833

March 4, 1837
Democratic 1832
9 John Neagle, Richard Mentor Johnson, 1843, NGA 166465.jpg Richard Mentor Johnson
(1780–1850)
[17]
March 4, 1837

March 4, 1841
Democratic 1836 Martin Van Buren
10 John Tyler.jpg John Tyler[l]
(1790–1862)
[18][19][20]
March 4, 1841

April 4, 1841
Whig[m] 1840 William H. Harrison
[g]
Office vacant April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845[h] John Tyler
11 George Mifflin Dallas 1848 crop.png George M. Dallas
(1792–1864)
[21]
March 4, 1845

March 4, 1849
Democratic 1844 James K. Polk
12 Millard Fillmore -13th president of the United States.jpg Millard Fillmore[l]
(1800–1874)
[22][23][24]
March 4, 1849

July 9, 1850
Whig 1848 Zachary Taylor
[g]
Office vacant July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853[h] Millard Fillmore
13 William R. D. King Vice President.jpg William R. King[g]
(1786–1853)
[25]
March 4, 1853[n]

April 18, 1853
Democratic 1852 Franklin Pierce
Office vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857[h]
14 John C Breckinridge-04775-restored.jpg John C. Breckinridge
(1821–1875)
[26]
March 4, 1857

March 4, 1861
Democratic 1856 James Buchanan
15 Hannibal Hamlin, photo portrait seated, c1860-65-retouched-crop.jpg Hannibal Hamlin
(1809–1891)
[27]
March 4, 1861

March 4, 1865
Republican 1860 Abraham Lincoln[o]
16 President Andrew Johnson.jpg Andrew Johnson[l]
(1808–1875)
[28][29][30]
March 4, 1865

April 15, 1865
National Union[p] 1864
Office vacant April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869[h] Andrew Johnson
17 Schuyler Colfax portrait.jpg Schuyler Colfax
(1823–1885)
[31]
March 4, 1869

March 4, 1873
Republican 1868 Ulysses S. Grant
18 Henry Wilson, VP of the United States.jpg Henry Wilson[g]
(1812–1875)
[32]
March 4, 1873

November 22, 1875
Republican 1872
Office vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877[h]
19 VicePresident-WmAlWheeler.jpg William A. Wheeler
(1819–1887)
[33]
March 4, 1877

March 4, 1881
Republican 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes
20 Chester Alan Arthur.jpg Chester A. Arthur[l]
(1829–1886)
[34][35][36]
March 4, 1881

September 19, 1881
Republican 1880 James A. Garfield[q]
Office vacant September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885[h] Chester A. Arthur
21 Thomas Andrews Hendricks.jpg Thomas A. Hendricks[g]
(1819–1885)
[37]
March 4, 1885

November 25, 1885
Democratic 1884 Grover Cleveland
Office vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889[h]
22 Levi P. Morton cph.3a02231.jpg Levi P. Morton
(1824–1920)
[38]
March 4, 1889

March 4, 1893
Republican 1888 Benjamin Harrison
23 23 Adlai E. Stevenson 3x4.jpg Adlai Stevenson I
(1835–1914)
[39]
March 4, 1893

March 4, 1897
Democratic 1892 Grover Cleveland
24 Garret Augustus Hobart.jpg Garret Hobart[g]
(1844–1899)
[40]
March 4, 1897

November 21, 1899
Republican 1896 William McKinley[r]
Office vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901[h]
25 President Roosevelt - Pach Bros (cropped).jpg Theodore Roosevelt[l]
(1858–1919)
[41][42][43]
March 4, 1901

September 14, 1901
Republican 1900
Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905[h] Theodore Roosevelt
26 CharlesWFairbanks.jpg Charles W. Fairbanks
(1852–1918)
[44]
March 4, 1905

March 4, 1909
Republican 1904
27 James Sherman, Bain bw photo portrait facing left.jpg James S. Sherman[g]
(1855–1912)
[45]
March 4, 1909

October 30, 1912
Republican 1908 William H. Taft
Office vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913[h]
28 Thomas Riley Marshall headshot.jpg Thomas R. Marshall
(1854–1925)
[46]
March 4, 1913

March 4, 1921
Democratic 1912 Woodrow Wilson
1916
29 Calvin Coolidge cph.3g10777 (cropped).jpg Calvin Coolidge[l]
(1872–1933)
[47][48][49]
March 4, 1921

August 2, 1923
Republican 1920 Warren G. Harding
[g]
Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925[h] Calvin Coolidge
30 Chas G Dawes-H&E.jpg Charles G. Dawes
(1865–1951)
[50]
March 4, 1925

March 4, 1929
Republican 1924
31 Charles Curtis-portrait.jpg Charles Curtis
(1860–1936)
[51]
March 4, 1929

March 4, 1933
Republican 1928 Herbert Hoover
32 JohnNanceGarner.png John Nance Garner
(1868–1967)
[52]
March 4, 1933

January 20, 1941
Democratic 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt[g]
1936
33 Henry-A.-Wallace-Townsend.jpeg Henry A. Wallace
(1888–1965)
[53]
January 20, 1941

January 20, 1945
Democratic 1940
34 TRUMAN 58-766-06 (cropped).jpg Harry S. Truman[l]
(1884–1972)
[54][55][56]
January 20, 1945

April 12, 1945
Democratic 1944
Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949[h] Harry S. Truman
35 Alben Barkley.jpg Alben W. Barkley
(1877–1956)
[57]
January 20, 1949

January 20, 1953
Democratic 1948
36 Richard Nixon presidential portrait.jpg Richard Nixon
(1913–1994)
[58][59][60]
January 20, 1953

January 20, 1961
Republican 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower
1956
37 37 Lyndon Johnson 3x4.jpg Lyndon B. Johnson[l]
(1908–1973)
[61][62]
January 20, 1961

November 22, 1963
Democratic 1960 John F. Kennedy[s]
Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965[h] Lyndon B. Johnson
38 Hubert Humphrey crop.jpg Hubert Humphrey
(1911–1978)
[63]
January 20, 1965

January 20, 1969
Democratic 1964
39 Spiro Agnew.jpg Spiro Agnew[i]
(1918–1996)
[64]
January 20, 1969

October 10, 1973
Republican 1968 Richard Nixon[i]
1972
Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973[t]
40 Gerald Ford (1974) (cropped).jpg Gerald Ford[l]
(1913–2006)
[65][66][67]
December 6, 1973

August 9, 1974
Republican
Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974[t] Gerald Ford
41 Nelson Rockefeller.jpg Nelson Rockefeller
(1908–1979)
[68]
December 19, 1974

January 20, 1977
Republican
42 Vice President Mondale 1977 closeup.jpg Walter Mondale
(1928–2021)
[69]
January 20, 1977

January 20, 1981
Democratic 1976 Jimmy Carter
43 George H. W. Bush vice presidential portrait (1).jpg George H. W. Bush
(1924–2018)
[70][71][72]
January 20, 1981

January 20, 1989
Republican 1980 Ronald Reagan
1984
44 Dan Quayle crop.jpg Dan Quayle
(b. 1947)
[73]
January 20, 1989

January 20, 1993
Republican 1988 George H. W. Bush
45 Al Gore, Vice President of the United States, official portrait 1994.jpg Al Gore
(b. 1948)
[74]
January 20, 1993

January 20, 2001
Democratic 1992 Bill Clinton
1996
46 46 Dick Cheney 3x4.jpg Dick Cheney
(b. 1941)
[75]
January 20, 2001

January 20, 2009
Republican 2000 George W. Bush
2004
47 Joe Biden 2013.jpg Joe Biden
(b. 1942)
[76]
January 20, 2009

January 20, 2017
Democratic 2008 Barack Obama
2012
48 Mike Pence official Vice Presidential portrait (cropped).jpg Mike Pence
(b. 1959)
[77][78]
January 20, 2017

January 20, 2021
Republican 2016 Donald Trump
49 Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg Kamala Harris
(b. 1964)
January 20, 2021

Incumbent
Democratic 2020 Joe Biden

Subsequent public office[]

Twenty-six vice presidents held other high state or federal government positions after leaving the vice presidency. Fifteen went on to become president: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Martin Van Buren, John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, Chester A. Arthur, Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, Harry S. Truman, Richard Nixon, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush and Joe Biden (nine of them did so following their predecessor's death or resignation); and six served in the Senate: John C. Calhoun, John C. Breckinridge, Hannibal Hamlin, Andrew Johnson, Alben W. Barkley and Hubert Humphrey. Several served as a member of the U.S. Cabinet or as an ambassador in later administrations, or in state government.

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ The U.S. vice presidents are counted according to uninterrupted periods of time served by the same person. For example, John Adams served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first vice president (not the first and second). Likewise, George Clinton is counted as the fourth and John Calhoun as the seventh, even though each one's consecutive terms in office were served under more than one president. Following the resignation of 39th vice president Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford became the 40th vice president even though he was chosen to serve out the remainder of Agnew's second term. Then, after Ford succeeded to the presidency later in that same term, Nelson Rockefeller became the 41st vice president and served out the remainder of the term.
  2. ^ Reflects the vice president's political party at the start of their vice presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted. Also reflects the president's political party unless otherwise noted beside the individual's name.
  3. ^ Due to logistical delays, John Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who served a full term.
  4. ^ Pro-Administration is a contemporary term for the supporters of the political and economic policies of the Washington Administration prior to the formation of the Federalist and Democratic–Republican parties.
  5. ^ George Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his eight-year presidency. Greatly concerned about the very real capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together, he was, and remains, the only U.S. president never to be affiliated with a political party.
  6. ^ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and resulted in a situation where the persons elected President and Vice President belonged to opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected President, and Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected Vice President.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Died in office of natural causes.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, February 10, 1967, an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.
  9. ^ a b c Resigned from office
  10. ^ John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the political coalition emerging around Jackson.
  11. ^ Andrew Jackson's supporters from the former Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by the mid-1820s, began calling themselves 'Democrat' during his first term in office, thus marking the evolution of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party into the modern Democratic Party.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i Succeeded to the presidency intra-term.
  13. ^ John Tyler was elected vice president on the Whig Party ticket in 1840. His policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841.
  14. ^ Ill with tuberculosis, William King traveled to Cuba after the 1852 election in an effort to regain his health, and was not able to be in Washington, D.C. to take his oath of office on March 4, 1853. By an Act of Congress, he was allowed to take the oath outside the United States, and was sworn in on March 24, 1853 near Matanzas, Cuba. He is the only vice president to take his oath of office in a foreign country.
  15. ^ Died April 15, 1865; see Assassination of Abraham Lincoln for further details.
  16. ^ When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.
  17. ^ Died September 19, 1881; see Assassination of James A. Garfield for further details.
  18. ^ Died September 14, 1901; see Assassination of William McKinley for further details.
  19. ^ Died November 22, 1963; see Assassination of John F. Kennedy for further details.
  20. ^ a b The Twenty-fifth Amendment established a process whereby an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency is filled by presidential appointment.

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d "Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate)". United States Senate. Retrieved June 10, 2009.
  2. ^ Kallenbach, Joseph E. (October 1947). "The New Presidential Succession Act". American Political Science Review. 41 (5): 931–941. doi:10.1017/S0003055400260619.
  3. ^ "Biography of John Adams". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  4. ^ "John Adams – Federalist Party – 2nd President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  5. ^ "Life Portrait of John Adams". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  6. ^ "Biography of Thomas Jefferson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  7. ^ "Thomas Jefferson – Democratic-Republican Party – 3rd President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  8. ^ "Life Portrait of Thomas Jefferson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  9. ^ "Aaron Burr (1801–1805) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  10. ^ "George Clinton (1805–1809) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  11. ^ "Elbridge Gerry (1813–1814) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  12. ^ "Daniel D. Tompkins (1817–1825) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  13. ^ "John C. Calhoun (1825–1829) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  14. ^ "Biography of Martin Van Buren". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  15. ^ "Martin Van Buren – Democratic-Republican, Democratic, and Free Soil Party – 8th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  16. ^ "Life Portrait of Martin Van Buren". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  17. ^ "Richard M. Johnson (1837–1841) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  18. ^ "Biography of John Tyler". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  19. ^ "John Tyler – No Party – 10th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  20. ^ "Life Portrait of John Tyler". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  21. ^ "George M. Dallas (1845–1849) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  22. ^ "Biography of Millard Fillmore". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  23. ^ "Millard Filmore – WHIG Party – 13th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  24. ^ "Life Portrait of Millard Fillmore". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  25. ^ "William R. D. King (1853) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  26. ^ "John C. Breckinridge (1857–1861) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  27. ^ "Hannibal Hamlin (1861–1865) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  28. ^ "Biography of Andrew Johnson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  29. ^ "Andrew Johnson – National Union Party – 17th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  30. ^ "Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  31. ^ "Schuyler Colfax (1869–1873) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  32. ^ "Henry Wilson (1873–1875) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  33. ^ "William A. Wheeler (1877–1881) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  34. ^ "Biography of Chester Arthur". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  35. ^ "Chester A. Arthur – Republican Party – 21st President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  36. ^ "Life Portrait of Chester A. Arthur". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  37. ^ "Thomas A. Hendricks (1885) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  38. ^ "Levi P. Morton – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  39. ^ "Adlai E. Stevenson (1893–1897) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  40. ^ "Garret A. Hobart (1897–1899) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  41. ^ "Biography of Theodore Roosevelt". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  42. ^ "Theodore Roosevelt – Republican, Bull Moose Party – 26th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  43. ^ "Life Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  44. ^ "Charles W. Fairbanks – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  45. ^ "James S. Sherman – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  46. ^ "Thomas R. Marshall – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  47. ^ "Biography of Calvin Coolidge". Whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  48. ^ "Calvin Coolidge – Republican Party – 30th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  49. ^ "Life Portrait of Calvin Coolidge". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  50. ^ "Charles G. Dawes – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  51. ^ "Charles Curtis – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  52. ^ "John N. Garner (1933–1941) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  53. ^ "Henry A. Wallace (1941–1945) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  54. ^ "Biography of Harry S Truman". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  55. ^ "Harry S Truman – Democratic Party – 33rd President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  56. ^ "Life Portrait of Harry S. Truman". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  57. ^ "Alben W. Barkley – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  58. ^ "Richard M. Nixon". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  59. ^ "Richard Nixon – Republican Party – 37th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  60. ^ "Life Portrait of Richard M. Nixon". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  61. ^ "Lyndon B. Johnson – Democratic Party – 36th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  62. ^ "Life Portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  63. ^ "Hubert H. Humphrey – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  64. ^ "Spiro T. Agnew (1969–1973) – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  65. ^ "Biography of Gerald R. Ford". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  66. ^ "Gerald Ford – Republican Party – 38th President – American Presidents". History. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  67. ^ "Life Portrait of Gerald R. Ford". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  68. ^ "Nelson A. Rockefeller – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  69. ^ "Walter Mondale – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  70. ^ "Biography of George Herbert Walker Bush". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  71. ^ "George H. W. Bush – Republican Party – 41st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  72. ^ "Life Portrait of George H.W. Bush". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  73. ^ "J. Danforth Quayle – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  74. ^ "Albert Gore, Jr. – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  75. ^ "Richard B. Cheney – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  76. ^ "Joseph Biden – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  77. ^ Flegenheimer, Matt; Barbaro, Michael (November 9, 2016). "Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment". The New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  78. ^ "Vice President Mike Pence". whitehouse.gov. January 20, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""