United States presidential line of succession in fiction

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The United States presidential line of succession and the United States laws governing succession to the presidency have, on many occasions, been incorporated into the storyline by creators of fiction. Several novels, films, and television series have examined the presidential line of succession and speculated on how it might be implemented in unusual circumstances. The following are some examples of fictional portrayals of United States presidential succession:

Books[]

• Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1959): After a heated and unsuccessful political battle over a controversial nominee for Secretary of State, the President dies of a heart attack, and his Vice President, Harley Hudson, succeeds him. Drury wrote five subsequent sequel novels. In the third sequel, Preserve and Protect (1968), President Hudson is killed in a mysterious plane crash, elevating the Speaker of the House to the presidency. Advise and Consent was also made into a film in 1962 (see below).
• Alas, Babylon by Pat Frank (1959): A global nuclear war eliminates the line of succession down to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Josephine Vanbruuker-Brown, who identifies herself as being the most junior official in the line of succession.
• The Eric Flint novel The Alexander Inheritance (a 1632 spinoff) a cruise ship with several thousand people aboard is transported through time to soon after the death of Alexander the Great. One of the passengers is Congressman Al Wiley, who declares himself president of the American survivors due to the Presidential cabinet and 356 congressmen senior to him being, if not dead, then removed from the world they find themselves in. Wiley serves merely as a representative to the interests of the American passengers and does not try to usurp overall command of the ship from its captain.
• American Empire: The Center Cannot Hold by Harry Turtledove (2002) (part of the Southern Victory and American Empire Series of alternate history novels): In the 1932 Presidential election, Democratic candidate Calvin Coolidge defeats Socialist incumbent President Hosea Blackford in a landslide. However, less than a month before Coolidge is to be sworn in, he dies of a heart attack while in Washington, D.C. to meet with his Cabinet selections on January 5, 1933. Under the 20th Amendment, Vice President–elect Herbert Hoover is sworn in to serve Coolidge's term.
• Arc Light by Eric L. Harry (1994), features the 25th Amendment in the context of a limited nuclear war. President Walter Livingston is impeached for warning China that Russia was preparing to attack them, which resulted in a Russian nuclear strike on the United States. His hawkish Vice President Paul Costanzo is then sworn in.
• The Black Tide Rising series by John Ringo has the entire presidential cabinet killed or cut off from communication in the zombie apocalypse. Under Secretary of Defense of Nuclear Arms Proliferation Control is left as the civilian head of the government until the Secretary of Education, and later the Vice-President, are found alive.
• The Boys by Garth Ennis (2006–12). In this alternate-history comic book series where persons with superhuman abilities begin appearing during and over the decades following World War II, as well as serving as a satire on the superhero genre, the President elected in 2000 is Robert "Dakota Bob" Shaefer (described as having previously served as Vice-President under George H. W. Bush). Shaefer dies in an unlikely accident, elevating his loathed Vice-President Victor "Vic the Veep" Neuman to the top post. Neuman is later murdered by the Homelander in an attempted coup by superhumans to seize the White House and Pentagon. The coup is defeated and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi assumes the presidency as the 2008 election approaches.
• The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal (2018): In 1952, Secretary of Agriculture Charles F. Brannan is touring farms in Kansas when a meteorite strike obliterates Washington, D.C. He is the only surviving member of the line of succession, and serves as acting president until a new Congress can be seated to confirm him.
• Debt of Honor/Executive Orders by Tom Clancy (1994/1996): After Vice President Ed Kealty resigns following a sex scandal, National Security Advisor Jack Ryan is appointed to fill the position for the remainder of the term. After he is sworn in as VP, however, a vengeful Japanese airline pilot crashes his fuel-laden Boeing 747 into the Capitol. Almost everyone inside is killed, including President Roger Durling. Ryan, who barely escapes, is then sworn in as the new president. Kealty unsuccessfully attempts to usurp the presidency in the aftermath by falsely claiming to have never submitted his official resignation to Durling.
• Deep Six by Clive Cussler (1984): After the presidential yacht, the Eagle, goes missing with the President, Vice President Vincent Margolin, Speaker of the House Alan Moran and President of the Senate pro tempore Marcus Larimer on board, Secretary of State (and now Acting President) Douglas Oates orders a cover-up, with actors playing the President and Vice President while Oates executes executive powers. The affair turns out to have been engineered by Soviet agents seeking to brainwash the four men to shape American policy; the President is successfully brainwashed (leading to his impeachment) and Larimer is killed, Moran escapes, and Margolin remains a prisoner of the mercenaries hired by the Russians. While Moran bribes Margolin's captors to kill him (so that Moran can become president), the vice-president is rescued, and succeeds his impeached predecessor. The novel incorrectly implies that the President of the Senate pro tempore outranks the Speaker of the House, as Oates and his advisors only worry about Moran's claim to the White House being legitimate after hearing that Larrimer is dead.
• Directive 51 by John Barnes (2008): Focuses on the office of the National Continuity Coordinator as he tries to restore the presidency. The book covers several potential scenarios through the presidency of four different men in a period of less than a year. President Pendano declares himself mentally unfit for the duties of office to the guilt of being forced to sacrifice the life of his vice-president to thwart a terrorist scheme. Peter Shausen, the corrupt president pro tempore of the senate becomes acting president due to the Speaker of the House not having been born an American citizen. Shausen proves to be a disaster as president but attempts to impeach him initially fail because the Secretary of State and acting vice-president is uninterested in assuming the office of president due to family concerns. When Republican candidate Will Norcross defeats Shausen in the presidential election, he refuses to give up his office. Pendano (who has been improving with psychological treatment) is convinced to resume office long enough to appoint Norcross vice-president, and then resign again, robbing Shausen of his legitimacy and letting a competent leader take office two months early to succeed Shausen and restore stability. Shausen murders Pendano in an effort to resume his power before being formally impeached. Norcross and most of his cabinet are killed in a bombing shortly afterwards, causing Cabinet Secretary Dr. Graham Weisbrod (of the fictional Department of the Future) to become president.
• Down to a Sunless Sea by David Graham (1979): It is reported to Air Britain pilot Jonah Scott, by his superior, that the acting president, James McCracken, from an undisclosed location but presumably a bunker, has reported that the United States has suffered a nuclear attack and that the USSR and China were "paying the price for their crimes against humanity." Presumably the first African-American president, Booker T. Langford, was killed or rendered incapable of executing the office.
• Empire by Orson Scott Card (2006), features the assassinations of the president and vice president and the subsequent ascension of the Speaker of the House. The assassinations result in a civil war, eventually revealed to be instigated by the National Security Advisor, who is himself subsequently elected president.
• by Steve Berry (2016) (Cotton Malone Series #11), investigates what happens if both the president and Vice President–elect die before taking the oath of office. Cotton Malone must race against the clock to stop an ex-KGB officer from exacting revenge and destroying America.
• The Fourth K by Mario Puzo (1990), features Congress trying to remove President Francis Xavier Kennedy (a fictional nephew of John F. Kennedy) from office, using the 25th Amendment, claiming that he is mentally unfit to serve following the assassination of his daughter.
• Full Disclosure by William Safire (1978): The president is blinded by an assassination attempt while at a summit meeting in the Soviet Union, and an ambitious Secretary of the Treasury attempts to use the 25th Amendment to unseat him. In time, several members of his Cabinet come to believe that his blindness renders him unable to discharge the duties of his office, and they vote to replace him with the Vice President under the terms of the 25th Amendment. The President survives this vote but realizes that his political effectiveness is virtually at an end. He prevails upon the weak-willed Vice President to resign, and then promptly resigns himself, elevating the Speaker of the House to the Presidency.
• by John Dalmas (1990): As the result of catastrophic economic disaster brought on by a global oil crisis, the president commits suicide. Congress abdicates responsibility and grants unrestricted emergency powers to the office of the president. The vice president assumes the presidency but quickly begins to crack under the strain of the continued crisis and having to fire his newly appointed vice-president. He asks his closest friend, the head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to accept the vice presidency, after which the president will immediately resign. Skeptical that the country will accept a transition to a military leader, the general instead proposes that a professional businessman with no history in politics become the new vice-president and then president. Another important point in the novel is that the Speaker of the House can't become President due to being an Irish immigrant.
• Give Me Liberty, a graphic novel by Frank Miller (1990): An alternate history in which America is led through a time of economic depression and civil uprisings by President Erwin Rexall, who is elected in the year 1996. By the year 2009, just as his fourth term is beginning (he has been effective in repealing the 22nd Amendment), the White House is destroyed, President Rexall is incapacitated, and Vice President Cargo, along with all but one member of the Cabinet, is killed. The Secretary of Agriculture, Howard Nissen, assumes the presidency.
• The J.A. Johnstone novel Home Invasion ends with the impeachment of the president and the resignation of the vice-president over a scandal involving the plotted assassination of their political rivals. The unpopular Speaker of the House becomes president, but a later novel mentions that her party refused to nominate her for re-election.
• Into the Light (a sequel to Out of the Dark) reveals that only a single member of Congress is confirmed to have survived an alien invasion, and the entire presidential cabinet died as well. That Congressman declines to make a bid for the presidency though, instead serving as the vice-president for a popular Governor who came out of the invasion with a strong power base and progressive ideas about what to do next.
• Interface by Neal Stephenson and George Jewsbury (1994). The President-Elect gets shot at his inauguration by a psychotic former factory worker who has somehow figured out the plans of The Network (an underground business coalition) which has conspired to get him elected. Eleanor Richmond, his running mate, ends up as the first black and first female President of the United States.
• The Harry Turtledove book Joe Steele includes the death of the tyrannical President Steele (an alternate universe version of Joseph Stalin whose parents immigrated to America) in the final chapters. Steele's Vice-President and successor, John Nance Garner is attempting to establish reforms when he is impeached by the senate in a misplaced act of retribution for the decades they spent under Steele's heel. Nance had previously demanded the resignation of all of Steele's cabinet members except Secretary of State Dean Acheson and Secretary of War George Marshall, both of whom are murdered prior to Nance's impeachment. As Steele's government had removed congress and the senate from the presidential line of succession, this leaves Garner with no official successor, a situation which J. Edgar Hoover takes advantage of to make himself dictator.
• Line of Succession by Brian Garfield (1972): During the period between the election and Inauguration Day, the President-elect and the Vice President-elect are both killed by terrorists, along with the Speaker of the House. The President pro tempore of the Senate is totally unsuitable for the Presidency. The incumbent President, defeated for re-election in November, wants to use the situation to stay in office. Ultimately, because the Speaker of the House died well before the Vice President-elect, the government is able to argue for the new Speaker of the House to become president.
• Lucifer's Hammer by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle has at least six American politicians declaring themselves president of the United States of America after a devastating meteor shower. The main group, led by California Senator Arthur Jellison, discusses submitting to another faction led by the Speaker of the House (the legitimate successor to the presidency) but hasn't yet done so by the end of the book.
• The Man by Irving Wallace (1964): The Vice President has died of a heart attack, and the office is vacant (the 25th Amendment had not yet been written). The President and the Speaker of the House both die as the result of the accidental collapse of a building, and the President pro tempore of the Senate, an African-American, becomes President. (In the conditions prevailing at the time of writing - with the right of African-Americans to civil equality still hotly disputed in the South - Wallace assumed that it was impossible for one of them to achieve the presidency by direct election, and that the only way it could happen would be by an unlikely accident).
• The Negotiator by Frederick Forsyth (1989): The President's only child is abducted and murdered. The President's grief, compounded by not knowing who committed the crime or why, causes him to lose focus on his duties and even to contemplate suicide. The Vice President and other Cabinet members consider declaring the President incapable; the abduction/murder is revealed (to the reader and to a few of the characters) as a conspiracy with exactly that objective.
• Night of Camp David by Fletcher Knebel (1965): Popular incumbent President Mark Hollenbach feels betrayed by his corrupt vice president and seeks a new running mate for his re-election, deciding on freshman Senator Jim MacVeagh—but when he confers with the President alone at the Camp David presidential retreat, MacVeagh becomes alarmed when Hollenbach denounces enemies whom he says are conspiring against him and lays out his secret radical plans for the nation during his second term, including giving himself sweeping powers to wiretap those real or imagined enemies and forming a political union between the United States, Canada and Scandinavia. Certain the President has become unhinged, MacVeagh tries to convince other political leaders that Hollenbach is crazy and must be removed from office (this was before the passage of the 25th Amendment) - but their options for dealing with a dangerously delusional and paranoid President are limited.
• by William Johnstone features multiple examples.
  • In the immediate aftermath of a presidential election Ed Frayers, the outgoing President suffers a fatal stroke due to the stress of an approaching nuclear war being started by right-wing American radicals who have infiltrated the military and the secret service. His Vice-President is assassinated before assuming office, and the Speaker of the House declines to take office, and the president pro tempore of the senate is hospitalized due to an unrelated cause. Secretary of State Rees becomes the president. Rees takes some efforts to resolve the crisis only to discover that the conspiracy is firmly entrenched, and that all of the other cabinet secretaries have been assassinated. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (none of whom are involved in the conspiracy) declare martial law, and an overwhelmed Rees apparently relinquishes his duties. General C.H. Travee acts as chief of state for the remaining before the missile exchange, which Travee struggles to stop. His efforts fail, and Travee is killed by a missile strike targeting Mount Weather. President-elect Hilton Logan becomes president in the aftermath.
  • Logan becomes a tyrant who is assassinated at the end of the novel. Logan's vice-president is involuntarily confined to a hospital in a coup by the senate at the beginning of the first sequel. Shortly afterwards, the remainder of the original government of the United States falls to a secessionist movement.
• The People's Choice: A Cautionary Tale by Jeff Greenfield (1996): A Republican president-elect dies in an accident only a few days after the general election, and therefore before the Electoral College has met. Members of both political parties attempt to rally the electoral college from confirming his placeholder Vice-President, Teddy Block, as the new president. They fail, but, Block and his new vice-president (a minor senator) are left disillusioned by the chicanery used by their self-interested allies. Block and his vice-president then resign from office once a Republican has been made the new Speaker of the House, establishing a successor more in line with the man whom the people voted for.
• The Plot Against America by Philip Roth (2004): In this alternate history, Charles Lindbergh is nominated by the Republican Party in 1940 and defeats Roosevelt on an isolationist platform. When he disappears in The Spirit of St. Louis after a campaign stop, Vice President Burton Wheeler seizes power and initiates an antisemitic witch-hunt.
• The President's Plane Is Missing by Robert Serling (1967): Air Force One crashes in a storm and the body of President Haynes cannot be found. Meantime, a growing crisis between the U.S. and the People's Republic of China threatens to lead to war and Vice President Madigan pressures the cabinet to declare him Acting President under the terms of the 25th Amendment so he can launch a pre-emptive strike. The issue is settled when the president resurfaces, alive.
• The Probability Broach by L. Neil Smith (1980) (part of the North American Confederacy Series) in which the United States becomes a Libertarian state after a successful Whiskey Rebellion and the overthrowing and execution of George Washington by firing squad for treason in 1794, President H. L. Mencken assassinates his vice president in a duel in 1933. However, he is then killed by the vice president's mother. This results in the Continental Congress choosing Frank Chodorov as a successor.
• The Prodigal Daughter by Jeffrey Archer. Florentyna Kane first serves in Congress then the Senate. Midway through the book, she runs for President but ends up becoming Vice President to President Parker. As Vice President, she assumes command of the military in President Parker's absence, as indeed the law states that when the President is indisposed all power is vested in the Vice President, when an invasion is launched against the United States and orders the military to intercept the invaders who turn back. Following a heated argument with President Parker, she decides not to run for a second time as vice president. While playing golf with her future husband Edward, she decides to wait until the helicopters have passed overhead. Instead, the helicopters land and Florentyna is informed that the President is dead from a heart attack. At her own home, she is sworn in as President of the United States. Her Presidency continues in a rewrite of the Archer book Shall We Tell the President?
• Promises to Keep by George Bernau (1988): An alternate history in which President John T. Cassidy (representing John F. Kennedy) survives the assassination attempt in Dallas, but is wounded in the head. The book deals with the political implications of an ambitious Vice President (Rance Gardner, representing Lyndon B. Johnson) who becomes Acting President thanks to a presidential letter signed by Cassidy that resembles the as-yet-unratified 25th Amendment.
• Resurrection Day by Brendan DuBois (1999): When the Cuban Missile Crisis erupts into a full-scale nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union, several U.S. cities are destroyed - among them, Washington, D.C., which results in the deaths of President Kennedy and his family, Vice President Johnson, most of the Senate and Congress, and most members of the Kennedy administration. Clarence Dillon, the Secretary of the Treasury is eventually found to have survived the war and becomes the 36th President of the United States.
• Sahara (novel) by Clive Cussler features an alternate history version in the Civil War backstory. Here Abraham Lincoln was kidnapped by the confederacy. Rather than reveal the truth, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton faked Lincoln's assassination and attempted to murder Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William Seward in order to become president himself. Stanton's assassins failed, however, and Johnson became president. In real life, president pro tempore of the senate Lafayette S. Foster and Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax would have been ahead of Stanton in the line of succession if Johnson and Seward had died.
• Settling Accounts: Return Engagement by Harry Turtledove (2004) (another Southern Victory Series novel): In this alternate history, President Al Smith is killed when his bomb shelter below the presidential residence in Philadelphia, the Powel House, is destroyed in a Confederate air raid during the Second Great War in 1942. Vice President Charles W. La Follette is then sworn in as president.
• Seven Days in May by Charles W. Bailey II and Fletcher Knebel (1962). The machinations of an attempted military coup by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs involves taking the president prisoner while the vice-president is out of the country on a trip to Italy. The 1994 film adaptation, The Enemy Within, adds the application of the 25th Amendment in order to assume the presidency, which was not yet enacted in 1962.
• The Sum of All Fears by Tom Clancy (1991): After a nuclear device explodes in Denver, President Robert Fowler—believing that the current Ayatollah is behind it—orders a nuclear strike on Qom, Iran in retaliation. Because of a terrible snowstorm, only Jack Ryan is available to confirm his order under the two-man rule. Ryan declares the order to be invalid, stopping the attack. Fowler suffers a nervous breakdown and is forced from office under the Twenty-Fifth Amendment and is replaced by Vice President Roger Durling.
• Thirty-Four East by Alfred Coppel (1974): The Vice President is kidnapped by Arab terrorists during a visit to the Middle East; at the same time, the President is killed in the accidental crash of Air Force One. With the Vice President incapacitated, the Speaker of the House, a weak man manipulated by the ambitious Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, becomes Acting President.
• Trinity's Child by William Prochnau (1983): A massive nuclear attack on the United States wipes out Washington and half of the Cabinet. The Secretary of the Interior assumes the Presidency and continues to fight World War III. The real President is found to still be living; however, the Secretary of the Interior refuses to relinquish his new office.
• Warday by Whitley Strieber and James Kunetka (1984): The 25th Amendment is incidentally referenced as part of a larger post-apocalyptic narrative. Following a nuclear war, much of the United States is destroyed, including Washington. The Deputy Secretary of the Treasury is eventually found, and deemed to be the highest-ranking politician left in the government (it is implied that at least one other official who ranked above him survived but refused the presidency). He is installed as President, but insists that he is merely a caretaker and refuses to use the full title of the office.
• White House Storm by Dale Napier (2014) (Book 1 of the Queen Joan series) in which General Strom "Stormy" Thornton attempts a military coup after his secret discovery that President Charley Davidson has Alzheimer's. This tribute to Seven Days In May features the invocation of the 25th Amendment after the Alzheimer's problem become general knowledge, focusing on the requirement of notifying the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro-tempore – leading to several fire fights between the White House and the Capitol, and Acting President Joan Queenan facing down Army tanks on the front law of the White House.
• Worldwar: Upsetting the Balance/Worldwar: Striking the Balance by Harry Turtledove (1996/1997): During the interplanetary war between The Race and the formerly warring powers of World War II, Seattle is destroyed in 1943 by the Race in retaliation for the U.S. destruction of a Conquest Fleet division in Chicago. The strike on Seattle kills Vice President Henry Wallace, who was visiting the city at the time. In 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies of unspecified causes. With the Vice Presidency vacant, Secretary of State Cordell Hull assumes the Presidency after Roosevelt's death, as he is the holder of the next-highest post.
• Y: The Last Man by Brian K. Vaughan and Pia Guerra (2003–2008): In this comic book series published by Vertigo, every male mammal on Earth but two simultaneously die of a mysterious plague. As a result, the highest-ranking woman, Secretary of Agriculture Margaret Valentine succeeds to the presidency. Valentine protests, saying the Secretary of the Interior outranks her, but her new security escort informs her that the latter was killed in one of the many plane crashes.

Films[]

• Advise & Consent (1962), an adaptation of Allen Drury's best-selling novel (see above). A gravely-ill President (Franchot Tone) attempts to install a controversial nominee for Secretary of State, despite reservations by leading members of his own party in the U.S. Senate. The President knows he is likely to die in office and presses his good friend, Sen. Munson, to steer Leffingwell's nomination through the Senate: I'm going fast... I haven't any time to run a school for presidents. The President dies in office and his Vice President, Harley Hudson, succeeds him.
• Air Force One (1997), starring Harrison Ford and Gary Oldman: After Air Force One has been captured by Kazakh terrorists, with President Jim Marshall (Ford) on board, Secretary of Defense Walter Dean (Dean Stockwell) claims that he is in charge (at least on military/defense matters) based on the National Security Act of 1947, against the disagreement of Attorney General Andrew Ward (Phillip Baker Hall), who argues that the President is incapable of discharging the office, "just as if he had had a stroke". Since the President is being held by terrorists and forced into using his authority to release a terrorist leader, the majority of the Cabinet endorses the Attorney General's pressure Vice President Kathryn Bennett (Glenn Close) to sign a letter authorizing the invocation of Section 4 of the 25th Amendment, so that she would assume command. Bennett, uncertain of the President's situation and unwilling to be seen as making a grab for power, refuses to finalize the President's removal from power. President Marshall kills head terrorist Egor Korshunov (Oldman) and is rescued from the crippled Air Force One, the last person to leave the plane alive.
• Angel Has Fallen (2019), starring Gerard Butler and Morgan Freeman: a drone attack carried out a private military company leaves President Allan Trumbull (Freeman) in a coma and Vice President Martin Kirby (Tim Blake Nelson) sworn in as Acting President. Kirby is later revealed to be behind the assassination plot, and tries to frame Russia for it. Trumbull awakens from the coma and is reinstated as president. Following his trip to the G20 summit in Hamburg, he orders Kirby's arrest.
• By Dawn's Early Light (1990), adaptation of William Prochnau's novel Trinity's Child (see above), starring Powers Boothe, Rebecca De Mornay, and James Earl Jones. The President, played by Martin Landau, is presumed dead after a nuclear missile hits Washington; others are missing, and the next available member of the chain of succession is Secretary of the Interior played by Darren McGavin.
• Dave (1993), starring Kevin Kline and Sigourney Weaver: When a stroke causes President Mitchell to fall into a coma, the White House Chief of Staff (Frank Langella) sees a way to seize power by replacing the President with a look-alike named Dave, whom he expects to manipulate as a patsy. Once the doppelganger realizes what is happening, he thwarts the Chief of Staff's political intentions and then arranges to switch back with the real President (who is still in a coma), by feigning a stroke himself. The true President succumbs to the stroke, and, after serving as Acting President for five months, the Vice President (Ben Kingsley) is sworn into office.
• The Day After Tomorrow (2004), starring Dennis Quaid and Jake Gyllenhaal: When the world's climate goes into chaos causing freak weather all over the Northern Hemisphere, the government is evacuated. Vice President Raymond Becker, while staying at a refugee camp in Mexico, is informed that President Richard Blake died as his motorcade got caught in a superstorm, along with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, Secretary of Defense, the White House Chief of Staff, other staffers and Secret Service agents. Becker subsequently becomes President.
• Death of a President, a 2006 British mockumentary about the assassination of George W. Bush and President Dick Cheney's unprecedented expansion of Presidential powers of detention and surveillance.
• Eagle Eye (2008), starring Shia LaBeouf and Michelle Monaghan: ARIA, The Pentagon's Super-computer, attempts to assassinate the president, vice president, and the entire line of succession (except for Secretary of Defense George Callister, who ARIA plans to become president) to "fix" the executive branch.
• The Enemy Within (1994), a made-for-TV version of the novel Seven Days in May by Fletcher Knebel and Charles W. Bailey, starring Forest Whitaker and Jason Robards. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Vice President, and a wealthy media baron attempt to use the 25th Amendment as justification for a coup to unseat a President. The President's authority is challenged by the politically popular Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. To obtain power, the Chairman plans to have the President (played by Sam Waterston) declared incompetent by the Cabinet and replaced by the Vice President, who would then be a "puppet" to the Chairman. (This implementation of the planned coup d'etat differs sharply from that of the original novel.)
• In Independence Day: Resurgence, the President and most of the Cabinet are killed in an alien attack, and officials arrive at Area 51 to swear General Joshua Adams into office.
• Iron Man 3 (2013), a superhero film directed by Shane Black. A terrorist codenamed The Mandarin (Ben Kingsley) conducts a bombing campaign against the United States, intending to assassinate President Ellis (William Sadler) in the final attack. This is later revealed to be a cover for Aldrich Killian (Guy Pearce), a scientist and defense contractor, who plans to kill Ellis so that Vice President Rodriguez (Miguel Ferrer), who is under his influence, will elevate to the office of the Presidency and thus allow Killian to control the War on Terror.
• The Man (1972), a theatrical film adaptation of the Irving Wallace book (see above). Screenplay by Rod Serling, starring James Earl Jones, Martin Balsam and Burgess Meredith. In the movie, the Vice President is still alive but elderly and infirm; he declines to assume the Presidency upon the death of the President. The Presidency thus passes to the black President pro tem of the Senate.
• Mars Attacks! (1996), a sci-fi comedy in which the President and his wife, along with millions of others, likely including the entire line of succession, are killed in an alien invasion. At the end of the film, the President's daughter is seen serving as acting President, a situation unlikely to occur in reality as the presidency is not a hereditary position.
• Murder at 1600 (1997), starring Wesley Snipes. Senior administration officials and military leaders attempt to engineer the resignation of the President. This would allow the elevation of the Vice President, who would then take military action to rescue hostages held by North Korea, action the sitting President is unwilling to take.
• My Fellow Americans (1996), starring Jack Lemmon and James Garner. The President is forced to resign, in a plan orchestrated by the scheming Vice President. Eventually, his scheme is revealed and he is impeached, making the House Speaker President. The film also showed an example of former Presidents who once again campaign for office.
• Olympus Has Fallen (2013), starring Gerard Butler and Aaron Eckhart. During a meeting with the South Korean Prime Minister at the White House, a North Korean terrorist cell launches an aerial attack on Washington, D.C. which forces President Benjamin Asher, his national security staff and the South Korean delegation to be evacuated to the White House bunker. However, North Korean terrorists have infiltrated the Prime Minister's delegation and take everyone in the bunker including Asher & Vice President Charlie Rodriguez hostage. Speaker of the House Allan Trumbull (Morgan Freeman) becomes Acting President. Vice President Rodriguez is executed while in the bunker, but President Asher is recovered safely and reassumes office.
• The President's Plane Is Missing (1973), a made-for-TV adaptation of the Robert Serling novel (see above), starring Buddy Ebsen as Vice President Madigan, who tries to assume the Presidency after Air Force One crashes and the president's body cannot be found.
• 2012 (2009), a science fiction apocalyptic disaster film based loosely on the 2012 phenomenon. In the movie, President Wilson (played by Danny Glover) remains in Washington, D.C. and is killed by a giant tsunami that sends the USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) crashing into the White House. With the Vice President dead and the Speaker of the House missing, and with others in the line of succession unaccounted for, White House Chief of Staff Carl Anheuser (played by Oliver Platt) appoints himself Acting President.
• White House Down (2013), starring Channing Tatum and Jamie Foxx. Domestic terrorists take President Sawyer hostage inside the White House while Capitol Policeman Cale attempts to rescue him. Vice President Hammond is sworn in as the Acting President, but dies later in an attack on Air Force One. Speaker of the House Raphelson is then sworn in as the President, but after Sawyer is revealed to be safe and alive is arrested for masterminding the coup.
• XXX 2: State of the Union (2005), an action/adventure film, directed by Lee Tamahori. When the President adopts an internationalist policy of diplomacy towards enemies of the United States, the hawkish Secretary of Defense attempts a coup that will wipe out key members of the government during the President's State of the Union address, leaving him in charge.

Television[]

• 24:
  • In season 2, the Cabinet of President David Palmer invokes Section 4 of the 25th Amendment, declaring that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office after making irrational decisions regarding the country's response to a terrorist attack. Vice President Jim Prescott immediately assumes the powers and duties of the office as Acting President. A few hours later, Palmer's decisions are shown to be rational, at which time Prescott and the Cabinet rescind their earlier vote. At the end of that day's events, Palmer is incapacitated by a biological weapon, and Prescott is again sworn in as Acting President (shown in 24: The Game). Upon the first vote that removes him from power, Palmer is advised he can appeal the judgment to Congress in four days. In actuality, the invoked 25th Amendment provision specifies that a president who has been declared unable to serve may subsequently—at any time—issue a declaration stating that he is able. It also specifies that, if such a declaration is made, the vice president and the cabinet have four days to renew their declaration of the president's incapacity (the vice president remaining as acting president in the meantime) and send the issue to Congress; if they do not, then the president resumes his powers and duties immediately.
  • In season 4, President John Keeler is severely injured when Air Force One is shot down by a stealth fighter. The Cabinet unanimously invokes the 25th Amendment and Vice President Charles Logan is sworn in shortly thereafter. Logan serves as President throughout season 5, by which time he has appointed a new Vice President, which implies he has fully assumed the Presidency, rather than acting as president. Keeler is never confirmed to have died on screen, although this could be inferred as the possibility of his return to power would supersede the need to confirm a new Vice President, and Logan, while acting as President, would technically still be the Vice President.
  • In the season 5 finale (first aired May 22, 2006), Logan is taken into custody by the United States Marshals Service after evidence emerges that he was party to the assassination of former President David Palmer. It is implied that Logan will either resign his office or face impeachment proceedings. Vice President Hal Gardner is assumed to become President upon Logan's impeachment.
  • In season 6, President Wayne Palmer is severely injured when a bomb in the White House Bunker goes off. Apparently, per Section 4 of the 25th Amendment, Vice President Noah Daniels becomes Acting President; the Secretary of Defense deemed the injuries that Palmer sustained too severe to hope for the president's full recovery. Later, when Daniels orders a low-scale nuclear strike on an Arab nation suspected of having terrorist ties, National Security Advisor Karen Hayes arranges for doctors to revive Palmer, who cancels the strike. In a move similar to the second season, Daniels suggests Palmer is still not fit for command, citing his cancellation of the strike as evidence. The Cabinet is convened for a hearing and votes 7-7 on the subject of Palmer's fitness. The Attorney General rightly points out that the Vice President can only invoke the 25th Amendment when a majority of the Cabinet agrees, and a tie vote does not constitute a majority. Daniels then claims that Hayes' vote should not count as she technically resigned earlier in the day, although she claims she returned and rescinded her resignation before it was officially accepted. The Supreme Court is asked to decide the issue of Hayes' status, but Daniels withdraws his objection after Chief of Staff Tom Lennox produces evidence of Daniels and his aide conspiring to manufacture evidence against Hayes. Palmer retains executive authority, then orders the attack anyway. However, Palmer later succumbs to his injuries during a live press conference, and Daniels is again installed as Acting President.
• In season one of The Americans during the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan, Phillip and Elizabeth prepare to take out several members of the presidential line of succession in fear of a coup led by the Secretary of State.
• Commander in Chief (2005):
  • The President, Teddy Bridges, suffers from a severe brain hemorrhage and lapses into a coma. His Vice President, Mackenzie Allen (Geena Davis), an independent, is strongly pressured by the President's senior staff and political allies to resign from office. However, she instead chooses to await the outcome of the President's condition. When the President comes out of his coma and himself urges her to resign, she respectfully declines, explaining that the voters entrusted her with the Vice Presidency, and she intends to carry out its duties fully. The President dies shortly thereafter and she assumes the office of President of the United States, becoming the first woman ever to do so.
  • Later in the season, President Allen's chosen Vice President resigns and then she requires emergency surgery. The Speaker of the House, next in line, is her political enemy, Republican House Speaker Nathan Templeton (Donald Sutherland); he chooses to resign his House seat and accept the temporary acting presidency under the 25th Amendment, and uses his one day in office to take an action that Allen would never have countenanced. When she resumes office, she is angered at what she considers his irresponsibility, and more determined than ever to defeat him in the coming election. (The series was canceled before the election would have occurred.)
• Designated Survivor: An explosion on the night of the State of the Union kills the President and all present members of the Cabinet. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Tom Kirkman, who was named the designated survivor, is immediately sworn in. Additionally, in one episode of the show, President Kirkman temporarily transfers presidential powers per Section 3 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to his Vice President, Peter MacLeish, while he has surgery after being shot. Towards the end of Season Two, President Kirkman's Cabinet secretly met with the Vice President as a majority agreed to invoke Section 4 of the 25th Amendment following leaked tapes of the President's therapy sessions. Fortunately, the decision was revoked after President Kirkman succeeded in his 25th Amendment Hearing.
• Freedom: In the short-lived TV series Freedom, Air Force One is shot down, killing the President. In the opening pilot episode, due to extreme violent protests and terrorism within the US, the Vice President hands over government control to the Joint Chiefs, resulting in a military dictatorship within the US.
• In season eight of Homeland: President Ralph Warner dies in a helicopter accident in Afghanistan and is replaced by Vice-President Benjamin Hayes.
• In the US version of House of Cards, U.S. Representative Francis Underwood sponsors the candidacy of another Representative, Peter Russo, for Governor of Pennsylvania, then intentionally destroys his candidacy. He then urges the Vice President, who was the Governor of Pennsylvania before he ran for Vice President, and who is becoming increasingly disenchanted with his new job, to resign and run to retake his old position—Underwood's plan being that he will then angle to be appointed Vice President under the terms of the 25th Amendment. He succeeds, then begins systematically undermining the President, causing the latter's effectiveness and popularity to plummet to the point where he resigns, allowing Underwood to assume the Presidency at the end of the series' second season. In season 4, Underwood is shot and temporarily incapacitated, leading to his Vice President, Donald Blythe, to become Acting President until Underwood finished healing. In Season 5, the Presidential election goes to the House of Representatives, but Frank's wife Claire Underwood is elected Vice President by the Senate before the House of Representatives can elect the President. Thus, Claire becomes Acting President in the interim until the Presidential election is resolved.
• Jericho: nuclear bombs have destroyed some major cities in the United States, including Washington, D.C. In the episode "Black Jack," it is revealed that six people have laid claim to the Presidency, each with a base in a "new capital city" unaffected by the attacks. These cities, as seen on a map and in newspaper articles, are Rome, New York; Montgomery, Alabama; Columbus, Ohio; San Antonio, Texas; Cheyenne, Wyoming; and Sacramento, California. It is mentioned that fictional Secretary of Health and Human Services Charles would be next in line, suggesting that all those above him or her on the list are dead or incapacitated. However, "five other guys believe that the attacks have changed the rules," including fictional Senators Morrissette, Tomarchio, and Snowden.
• The Last Man on Earth: In this dark comedy series about a pandemic that wipes out almost all of humanity, the 2017 episode "Got Milk?" shows flashbacks of the progression of the disease, including news reports that President Mike Pence has died, followed in rapid succession by President Paul Ryan, President Rex Tillerson, President Steven Mnuchin, President Jeff Sessions, and President Betsy DeVos.
• Last Resort: After the President and several members of his cabinet are implicated in starting a nuclear war under false pretenses and several related crimes, a coup forms against them. With the vice president's loyalties uncertain, the plotters (including members of the Secret Service and Joint Chiefs) convince Speaker of the House Buell to assume the presidency after the President and his allies are placed under arrest. The plot fails (although a member of the plot later manages to assassinate the President), and Buell is forced to commit suicide.
• The Last Ship: When a global pandemic wipes out 80% of the world's population, most of the American leadership dies too. The President's death is followed a week later by his Vice President, who is succeeded by the Speaker of the House who takes charge of the remnants of the government from the White House bunker. When the bunker is somehow compromised by the virus and everyone inside is presumably killed, the only surviving cabinet member, Department of Defense official Amy Granderson tries to assume control of the government. Granderso's harsh methods cause her to be deposed, and it later turns out that two officials above her in the line of succession survived: a lone Senator, and Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jeffrey Mitchener. Mitchener briefly serves as a captive and puppet of a faction of immune fanatics who consider themselves superior to those who survived because of quarantine procedures. He is later rescued and sworn in as President of the United States in the new capital in St. Louis. St. Louis Mayor Howard Oliver is appointed as Mitchener's vice president. Upon Michener's assassination, Oliver is sworn in as president.
• Madam Secretary:
  • In the season two premiere, Secretary of State Elizabeth McCord becomes Acting President when President Conrad Dalton and the Speaker of House are on board Air Force One when it loses all communications ability and goes off radar. As Vice President Mark Delgado was undergoing emergency gallbladder surgery under anaesthetic and President pro tempore of the Senate Theodore Gates was deemed too mentally incompetent to take the oath of office due to a series of mini-strokes six months prior which left him senile, McCord is the next in line. She is Acting President for a period of a few hours whilst contact with Air Force One is established and President Dalton is able to safely land and resume office. During her brief tenure, McCord uses her power to pardon Erica Davis, a journalist controversially imprisoned for refusing to reveal her sources.
  • In a fourth-season episode, when the President's behavior has become erratic, his cabinet members give him a choice: he can voluntarily remove himself through Article 3 of the 25th Amendment and submit to a medical examination, or they will invoke Article 4 to force him to do so. He chooses the former, and Vice President Teresa Hurst becomes Acting President.
• Political Animals: In the final episode of this 2012 miniseries, Air Force One crashes while on a trip to France. While rescue/recovery operations are underway, Vice President Collier prepares to take the oath of office. Secretary of State Barrish suggests that he instead invoke the 25th Amendment to become Acting President, to avoid a possible constitutional crisis in the unlikely event President Garcetti is found alive. Collier agrees.
• Quantico (season 2):
  • Henry Roarke succeeded by the Speaker of the House
• In ‘’Revolution’’ Vice President Biden briefly became President after the president died in the blackout but was murdered for the presidency by Secretary of Defense Davis. Davis then spent the next several years in hiding, building recorded while letting war ravage the nation before moving to wipe out the various regional governments and take over the country.
• Seven Days: In the pilot, the President and Vice President are both killed in a terrorist attack on the White House. On his way to be sworn in as President, the Speaker of the House is also killed. Using time-travel technology, the hero is able to go back in time one week and prevent the attack.
• Scandal:
  • In Season 1, Billy Chambers, chief of staff to Vice President Sally Langston, engineers an affair between President Fitzgerald Grant and a White House intern, intending to release evidence of the affair and force Grant's resignation so that Langston, who is unaware of Chambers' plot, will succeed to the office. Grant and his allies discredit Chambers, so that the evidence is not believed; Grant does not resign.
  • In Season 2, President Grant is placed in a medically-induced coma after being shot. Vice President Langston and the Cabinet invoke Section 4 of the 25th Amendment, making Langston Acting President. First Lady Mellie Grant disagrees with several of Langston's decisions, and she forges the President's written notice that he is able to resume the office. Langston detects the ruse and hopes to use it to claim the presidency, but President Grant genuinely recovers sufficiently to resume the office before Langston can take further action.
  • Also in Season 2, Billy Chambers again tries to manipulate the presidential succession. Chambers obtains evidence that President Grant's supporters, without Grant's knowledge, tampered with voting machines to rig the presidential election in his favor. Chambers shares the evidence with the losing candidate, Maryland Governor Samuel Reston, who blackmails Grant into making him his "unity" running mate in his reelection campaign; Chambers plans to use the evidence to effect Grant's resignation or impeachment, resulting in Reston succeeding him. However, Grant only pretends to agree to Reston's demand; he never has to go through with it, as Chambers is again neutralized when his accomplice David Rosen instead uses the evidence for his own gain, and exposes crimes committed by Chambers.
  • In season 6, Frankie Vargas is elected president and is planned to succeed President Grant. However, President-Elect Vargas was assassinated at his election night victory speech. It was expected that Vice President-Elect Cyrus Beene would be elected president by the Electoral College. This did not happen because the assassination of the President-Elect was pinned on him and he was arrested. Later, it was found that Vargas's now-widowed wife Luna Vargas planned the assassination and blackmailed Olivia Pope's father Eli to kill President-Elect Vargas and pinned it on former Vice President-Elect Beene. Beene was later exonerated and let go. Cyrus did not become president though; Mellie Grant, the ex-wife of President Grant and the Republican Party nominee for president, was elected by the Electoral College as the first female president of the United States and Luna Vargas was elected vice president. After it was revealed that Luna Vargas assassinated her husband, Olivia and Jake Ballard forced her to commit suicide. President Mellie Grant selected Cyrus Beene to replace her and he became vice president, the first gay vice president in American history.
• The West Wing:
  • In the episode He Shall, from Time to Time..., Josh is instructed to "pick a guy" (referring to the designated survivor). Ultimately, Secretary of Agriculture Roger Tribbey is chosen; the episode closing with the President briefing him on damage control, and leaving him in the Oval Office as he leaves for the Capitol to deliver the State of the Union Address.
  • In the first episode of the second season, entitled "In the Shadow of Two Gunmen, Part I" President Josiah Bartlet is incapacitated after being shot during an assassination attempt. While the Vice President believes he should act as President, Chief of Staff Leo McGarry argues that without a letter from Bartlet stating the incapacity, no one has the right to claim authority. The Cabinet does not invoke the 25th Amendment and the President recovers quickly enough to prevent a constitutional crisis, though reporters pursue these constitutional problems after the event. While in reality, the Vice President could assume the duties of the President without the President himself having to act, this provision does not exist in the fictional world.
  • In the closing episodes of the fourth season, the President's daughter is kidnapped. Feeling that he is incapable of acting impartially or in the national interest, and wishing to diminish the kidnappers' leverage, President Bartlet invokes the 25th Amendment to temporarily relinquish the powers of the office. The Vice Presidency is vacant due to a recent scandal, so powers are transferred to the Speaker of the House, a conservative Republican and the ideological polar opposite of the President. There is further controversy as Acting President Walken threatens to select a new Vice President himself, when it is not clear if he has the authority to do so. The Constitutional crisis is averted when Bartlet resumes the powers of the Presidency by notifying the Congressional leaders as provided in the 25th Amendment. The Vice Presidency is later filled under the 25th Amendment by Bob Russell.
  • In the last season of The West Wing, Democratic Vice Presidential nominee Leo McGarry dies on Election Day, and it is revealed in the final episode that President Santos intends to nominate his choice to replace him in the Vice Presidency under the 25th Amendment (thereby gaining the ratification of Congress) rather than appeal to the Electoral College to elect his new choice in place of McGarry.
• Veep:
  • In season one, Vice President Selina Meyer becomes Acting President when the unseen President is said to be experiencing chest pains. Believing that he is having a heart attack, Selina is brought to the West Wing where she discharges his presidential duties. It is later revealed, comically, that the President was suffering only "heartburn, not a heart attack".
  • In season three, the President faces potential impeachment proceedings after lying under oath about the presence of a spy in a group of rescued student hostages. As a result of their dire situation, and due to additional mental health issues, his wife (the First Lady) attempts suicide. Desiring to devote more time to taking care of her, he resigns, and Selina becomes President. She appoints Senator Andrew Doyle to be her Vice President.
  • In season four, Selina narrowly wins her party's nomination for the Presidency, but Vice President Doyle later withdraws himself from the ticket. She selects former Senator Tom James as her running mate, but is faced with further difficulty when the general election results in a historic Electoral College tie.
  • In season five, due to the Electoral College tie, the responsibility for selecting the President is placed in the hands of the House of Representatives, per the Twelfth Amendment. However, this results in another deadlock, with neither Selina nor her opponent, Senator Bill O'Brien, receiving enough votes. It is then up to the Senate to select the Vice President from among James or Senator Laura Montez, O'Brien's running mate. This also results in a 50–50 tie, which is broken by incumbent Vice President Doyle in his capacity as President of the Senate, who selects Montez in an act of revenge against Selina for rescinding her previous offer to nominate him for Secretary of State if she won. As the office of President is vacant due to the deadlock in the House, incoming Vice President Laura Montez immediately ascends to the Acting Presidency upon taking office, being sworn in as Acting President on Inauguration Day, set to serve until the House successfully elects a President; however, the Speaker of the House announced that no further vote in the House would be taking place.
• Y: The Last Man (TV series): Like the comic book series of the same name, a mysterious plague wipes out all mammals on Earth with a Y chromosome. President Ted Campbell succumbs to plague at a meeting in the Pentagon, along with all other males present. In the subsequent chaos, Air Force Two crashes into the Atlantic Ocean killing the Vice President and everyone else aboard. With all the male members of the Line of Succession dead, the only surviving female cabinet secretary is ineligible for the presidency having been born in Antigua. The rump Congress elects Congresswoman Jennifer Brown as Speaker of the House, and she subsequently ascends to the Presidency. In Episode 3, its discovered that Secretary Regina Oliver, believed to have been killed in a building collapse in Tel Aviv, Israel, is alive and under the care of IDF Doctors. A natural born U.S. Citizen, Oliver immediately claims the Presidency, setting up a Constitutional Crisis with President Brown back in the U.S.
• Z Nation: This darkly comical series about the aftermath of a zombie apocalypse makes several references to the U.S. president. The first episode "Puppies and Kittens" refers to the recently deceased President Lindsay Barton, and the Season 4 episode "Mt. Weather" shows the characters reaching an emergency bunker and meeting President Jane Carlson (played by Ina Chang), who describes herself as 234th President of the United States, suggesting an extremely rapid run through the line of succession. Carlson was serving as Acting Secretary of Labor when she succeeded to the presidency after the death of President Bill Carney, who had retreated to the Mount Weather bunker with Carlson and others before dying there. It is unclear when Carney succeeded Barton. By the end of the episode, Carlson herself is dead with no indication who, if anyone, is in a position to succeed her.

Video games[]

• Act of War: High Treason: During the presidential election, U.S. President Baldwin is assassinated, and Vice President Cardiff becomes acting president. It is later revealed that Cardiff orchestrated the murder of the president, and he is found assassinated. His political rival, Senator Watts, then becomes acting president.
• Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty: U.S. President George Sears resigns his presidency after the existence of Metal Gear REX and the GENOME Army is revealed to the general public after the Shadow Moses Incident. His Vice President James Johnson succeeds him after a faux-election orchestrated by a secret organization known as The Patriots.
• Hitman: Blood Money: To achieve a cloning ban, a secret society named Alpha Zerox attempts to assassinate President Tom Steward for Vice President Daniel Morris (in their employ) to replace him. Alpha Zerox also successfully kills the original vice president, Spaulding Burke, for Daniel Morris to be selected by Congress as vice president. When they believe a member of Steward's cabinet, Jimmy Mickley, may get the position, they attempt to assassinate him but fail.
• Shattered Union: After a low-grade nuclear warhead obliterates Washington, D.C. during a presidential reelection inaugural ball, the President and the majority of Congress are killed, and the entire presidential line of succession is wiped out. This results in multiple state governors declaring home rule and regions of the United States becoming sovereign nations, one being the return of the Confederate States of America and the Republic of Texas.
• Mass Effect 2: In 2184, President Christopher Huerta of the United North American States (created by the merger of the United States, Canada, and Mexico) suffers a severe stroke that renders him legally dead for 90 minutes; his mental functions were transferred to a computer system to keep them viable while his body is saved, then subsequently returned. Speaker of the House Lisa Ford files a lawsuit against Huerta the following year, arguing that his time in office after his stroke was illegitimate because he had been declared legally dead and that the Vice President should have succeeded him to the office. Expert testimony presented by Ford's side claimed that Huerta no longer existed and the computer system operating his memory was only presenting an interactive simulation of a thinking person. Huerta's side countered that he did not become a different person after being resuscitated and his life was only extended beyond what was thought possible at the time. The case is decided 5-4 in favor of Huerta and the legitimacy of his term is affirmed; this is met with widespread protests in Washington, Ottawa, and Mexico City by UNAS citizens against what they call a "zombie" president.
• Fallout 76: After a global nuclear war erupts, Thomas Eckhart, Secretary of Agriculture, conspires to have all other Secretaries first-in-line of him killed at the Congressional Bunker. And with the actual President unable to be located after the war, Eckhart is left as the acting President of the remaining government forces in West Virginia.

Short stories[]

• In "Day of Succession" by Theodore L. Thomas, aliens from outer space are attacking, and Gen. Tredway has a plan for saving the country but requires the President's authorization. As he is talking with the President, Vice President, and Speaker, only the Speaker agrees with his idea, due to the amount of collateral damage involved. The story ends with the general assassinating the President and Vice President and addressing the Speaker as "Mr. President".
• In the William Barton short story Down in the Dark, (set in 2057), Secretary of Space Rodrigo Durrell survives the destruction of Earth by getting himself sent on an inspection tour to the Moonbase right before the cataclysm and takes over what remains of the government.

Podcasts[]

In "Justice Battalion" from The Truth podcast, a leftist superhero kills off the entire presidential line of succession in order to overthrow the right-wing presidential regime.^[1]

See also[]

• Head of state succession

References[]