List of United States major third party and independent presidential tickets

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This is a list of major third party and independent tickets for President of the United States and Vice President of the United States.

Criteria[]

The presidential candidates are listed here based on three criteria:

  • They were not members of one of the six major parties in U.S. history: the Federalist Party, the Democratic-Republican Party, the National Republican Party, the Whig Party, the Democratic Party, and the Republican Party[1] at the time of their candidacy. Independent candidates are included.
  • They either received at least one electoral vote from an elector who was not a faithless elector, or they received at least one percent of the national popular vote in an election held after the national popular vote began to be recorded in 1824.[2]
  • They ran after the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment in 1804.[a]

List of tickets[]

Election Candidate[2][3] Vote[2][3] Running mate
Candidate Party Office[b] Home
state[c] 		PV% EV%
1832 William Wirt Attorney General William Wirt (3x4 crop).jpg Anti-Masonic   Fmr. Attorney General MD 7.8% 2.4% Amos Ellmaker
John Floyd John Floyd (cropped).jpg Nullifier   Governor VA 0% 3.8% Henry Lee
1844 James G. Birney James Birney(Cropped).jpg Liberty   Fmr. state legislator MI 2.3% 0% Thomas Morris
1848 Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren Free Soil   Fmr. President NY 10.1% 0% Charles F. Adams Sr.
1852 John P. Hale JP-Hale.jpg Senator NH 4.9% 0% George W. Julian
1856 Millard Fillmore[d] Millard Fillmore American   Fmr. President NY 21.5% 2.7% Andrew J. Donelson
1860 John C. Breckinridge[e] John C. Breckinridge Southern Democratic   Vice President KY 18.2% 23.8% Joseph Lane
John Bell John Bell Constitutional Union   Fmr. Senator TN 12.6% 12.9% Edward Everett
1880 James B. Weaver James Weaver - Brady-Handy (cropped 3x4).jpg Greenback   Representative IA 3.4% 0% Barzillai J. Chambers
1884 John St. John John St John 1880 (cropped 3x4).jpg Prohibition   Fmr. Governor KS 1.5% 0% William Daniel
Benjamin Butler Benjamin Franklin Butler Brady-Handy (cropped 3x4).jpg Greenback   Fmr. Governor MA 1.3% 0% Absolom M. West
1888 Clinton B. Fisk GenCBFisk (cropped 3x4).jpg Prohibition   General NJ 2.2% 0% John A. Brooks
Alson Streeter AlsonStreeter.png Union Labor   State legislator IL 1.3% 0% Charles E. Cunningham
1892 James B. Weaver James Weaver - Brady-Handy (cropped 3x4).jpg Populist   Fmr. Representative IA 8.5% 5% James G. Field
John Bidwell John Bidwell (cropped 3x4).jpg Prohibition   Fmr. Representative CA 2.2% 0% James B. Cranfill
1900 John G. Woolley Woolley-John-G-1898.tif Attorney IL 1.5% 0% Henry B. Metcalf
1904 Eugene V. Debs Eugene V Debs 1912 (cropped 3x4).jpg Socialist   Fmr. state legislator IN 3.0% 0% Ben Hanford
Silas C. Swallow Silas C Swallow 1904 (cropped 3x4).jpg Prohibition   Minister PA 1.9% 0% George W. Carroll
1908 Eugene V. Debs Eugene V Debs 1912 (cropped 3x4).jpg Socialist   Fmr. state legislator IN 2.8% 0% Ben Hanford
Eugene W. Chafin Eugene W. Chafin (cropped 3x4).jpg Prohibition   Attorney IL 1.7% 0% Aaron S. Watkins
1912 Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Progressive[f]   Fmr. President NY 27.4% 16.6% Hiram Johnson
Eugene V. Debs Eugene V Debs 1912 (cropped 3x4).jpg Socialist   Fmr. state legislator IN 6.0% 0% Emil Seidel
Eugene W. Chafin Eugene W. Chafin (cropped 3x4).jpg Prohibition   Attorney IL 1.7% 0% Aaron S. Watkins
1916 Allan L. Benson Allan Louis Benson (1871–1940) circa 1915 (cropped closein).jpg Socialist   Journalist NY 3.2% 0% George R. Kirkpatrick
Frank Hanly J. Frank Hanly, 1908 (cropped 3x4).jpg Prohibition   Fmr. Governor IN 1.2% 0% Ira Landrith
1920 Eugene V. Debs Eugene V Debs 1912 (cropped 3x4).jpg Socialist   Fmr. state legislator IN 3.4% 0% Seymour Stedman
1924 Robert La Follette Robert La Follette Progressive[f]   Senator WI 16.6% 2.4% Burton K. Wheeler
1932 Norman Thomas Norman Thomas 1937 (cropped 3x4).jpg Socialist   Minister NY 2.2% 0% James H. Maurer
1936 William Lemke Rep. William Lemke for Fraiser. A new informal pix of Rep. William Lemke LCCN2016875538 (cropped close 3x4).jpg Union   Representative NY 1.9% 0% Thomas C. O'Brien
1948 Strom Thurmond Strom Thurmond, c 1961 (cropped closein 3x4).jpg States' Rights   Governor SC 2.4% 7.3% Fielding L. Wright
Henry A. Wallace Henry-A.-Wallace-Townsend (cropped 3x4).jpeg Progressive[f]   Fmr. Vice President IA 2.4% 0% Glen H. Taylor
1968 George Wallace George Wallace American Independent   Fmr. Governor AL 13.5% 8.6% Curtis LeMay
1972 John G. Schmitz John G. Schmitz (cropped 3x4).jpg Representative CA 1.4% 0% Thomas J. Anderson
1980 John B. Anderson John Bayard Anderson (cropped 3x4).jpg Independent   Representative IL 6.6% 0% Patrick Lucey
Ed Clark Ed Clark (cropped, 3x4).jpg Libertarian   Attorney CA 1.1% 0% David Koch
1992 Ross Perot Ross Perot Independent   Businessman TX 18.9% 0% James Stockdale
1996 Reform   8.4% 0% Pat Choate
2000 Ralph Nader Naderspeak (cropped 3x4).JPG Green   Attorney CT 2.7% 0% Winona LaDuke
2016 Gary Johnson Gary Johnson campaign portrait (cropped 3x4).jpg Libertarian   Fmr. Governor NM 3.3% 0% William Weld
Jill Stein Jill Stein (25114038853) (cropped 3x4).jpg Green   Physician MA 1.1% 0% Ajamu Baraka
2020 Jo Jorgensen Jo Jorgensen portrait 3 (cropped).jpg Libertarian   Professor SC 1.2% 0% Spike Cohen

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Third parties did not emerge prior to the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment, but several individuals without a clear partisan affiliation won electoral votes between 1789 and 1796. See list of people who received an electoral vote in the United States Electoral College.
  2. ^ The most recent elective office, or senior appointive position, held by the candidate when the presidential election was held. If the candidate had never held an elective office or senior appointive position at the time of the election, then their profession is listed.
  3. ^ State of primary residence.
  4. ^ After the collapse of the Whig Party in the mid-1850s, the Republican Party and the American Party emerged as the major challengers to the Democratic Party. By 1856, neither the Republican nor the American Party had truly supplanted the Whig Party as the second major political party in the United States.[4] Nonetheless, the American Party is frequently described as a third party.[5][6][7] In 1856, the American Party, along with a rump convention of Whigs, nominated a presidential ticket led by former President Millard Fillmore.[8] After the 1856 election, the Republican Party firmly established itself as one of the two major parties alongside the Democratic Party, while the American Party collapsed.[9]
  5. ^ The Democratic Party fractured along sectional lines in 1860 and held multiple national conventions. The Northern Democrats nominated Stephen A. Douglas and the Southern Democrats nominated Vice President John C. Breckinridge.[10][11] Many sources include Breckinridge as a third party candidate,[12][3][13] but other sources do not.[14][2]
  6. ^ a b c Though the Progressive Party of 1912, the Progressive Party of 1924, and the Progressive Party of 1948 shared names and an affiliation with the progressive movement, they were three distinct political parties.[15]

References[]

  1. ^ Blake, Aaron (April 27, 2016). "Why are there only two parties in American politics?". Washington Post. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "United States Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  4. ^ McPherson (1988), pp. 140–144, 153–154
  5. ^ Cooper, William. "James Buchanan: Campaigns and Elections". Miller Center. University of Virginia. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  6. ^ Boissoneault, Lorraine (January 26, 2017). "How the 19th-Century Know Nothing Party Reshaped American Politics". Smithsonian. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  7. ^ Hicks (1933), p. 10
  8. ^ Holt (2010), pp. 91–94
  9. ^ Gienapp (1985), p. 547
  10. ^ Smith (1975), pp. 106–113
  11. ^ VandeCreek, Drew E. "Campaign of 1860". Northern Illinois University Libraries. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  12. ^ Patch, B. W. (1936). "Third Party Movements in American Politics". CQPress. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  13. ^ Rosenstone et al. (2018), pp. 59–63
  14. ^ Hicks (1933), pp. 3–28
  15. ^ Rosenstone et al. (2018), p. 93

Works cited[]

  • Gienapp, William E. (1985). "Nativism and the Creation of a Republican Majority in the North before the Civil War". The Journal of American History. 72 (3): 529–555. doi:10.2307/1904303. JSTOR 1904303.
  • Hicks, John D. (1933). "The Third Party Tradition in American Politics". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 20 (1): 3–28. doi:10.2307/1902325. JSTOR 1902325.
  • Holt, Michael F. (2010). Franklin Pierce. Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-8719-2.
  • McPherson, James M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199743902.
  • Rosenstone, Steven J.; Behr, Roy L.; Lazarus, Edward H. (2018). Third Parties in America: Citizen Response to Major Party Failure (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691190525.
  • Smith, Elbert B. (1975). The Presidency of James Buchanan. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-0132-5.
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