Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest

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Germany
Germany
Member stationNDR (1996–) (ARD)
Former members
  • ARD consortium members
  • 1956–1978: HR
  • 1979–1991: BR
  • 1992–1995: MDR
National selection events
National final
  • 1956–1958
  • 1960–1965
  • 1969–1973
  • 1975–1976
  • 1978–1992
  • 1996–2008
  • 2010
  • 2011 (song)
  • 2012–2019
  • 2022
Internal selection
  • 1959
  • 1966–1968
  • 1974
  • 1977
  • 1993–1995
  • 2009
  • 2011 (artist)
  • 2020–2021
Participation summary
Appearances64
Host1957, 1983, 2011
First appearance1956
Highest placement1st: 1982, 2010
Nul points1964, 1965, 2015
External links
NDR page
Germany's page at Eurovision.tv
Song contest current event.png For the most recent participation see
Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022

Germany has officially participated in every Eurovision Song Contest since its beginning in 1956, except in 1996 when its entry did not qualify past the audio-only pre‐selection round, and consequently was not seen in the broadcast final and does not count as one of Germany's 64 appearances. No other country has been represented as many times. Along with France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, Germany is one of the "Big Five" countries that are automatically prequalified for the final, due to being the largest financial contributors to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The final is broadcast in Germany on ARD's flagship channel, Das Erste. Germany has won the contest twice, in 1982 and 2010.

Germany first won the contest at the 27th attempt in 1982 in Harrogate, when Nicole won with the song "Ein bißchen Frieden" (A Little Peace). The second German victory came 28 years later at the 2010 contest in Oslo, when Lena won with "Satellite". Katja Ebstein, who finished third in 1970 and 1971, then second in 1980, is the only performer to have made the top three on three occasions. Germany has a total of 11 top three placements, also finishing second with Lena Valaitis (1981) and twice with the group Wind (1985 and 1987), and finishing third with Mary Roos (1972), Mekado (1994) and Sürpriz (1999). Germany has finished last on seven occasions, receiving nul points in 1964, 1965 and 2015.

Having not reached the top-ten in 12 of the last 17 contests (2005–21), Michael Schulte achieved Germany's second-best result of the 21st century, by finishing fourth at the 2018 contest. Although German contestants have had varied levels of success, public interest remains high and the contest is one of the most-watched events each year.

Organisation[]

Since 1996, ARD consortium member Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) has been responsible for Germany's participation in the contest. The Eurovision Song Contest semi-final is broadcast on NDR Fernsehen (One and Phoenix in recent years), and the final is broadcast on Das Erste, the flagship channel of ARD.

The German representative in the contest is usually chosen during a national selection, broadcast on public television channel Das Erste , which is organized by one of the nine regional public broadcasting organizations of the ARD; from 1956 to 1978, Hessischer Rundfunk (HR); from 1979 to 1991 Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR); from 1992 to 1995, by Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) and since 1996, by Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR). Between 2010 and 2012, private broadcaster ProSieben worked in partnership with NDR.

Radio coverage has been provided, although not every year, by Deutschlandfunk (DLF) and Bayern 2 from 1970 to 1979, hr3 from 1980 to 1985, 1991 to 94, 2007 and 2011 (both stations in 1983), NDR Radio 2 from 1986 to 1990, 1995 to 2006 and 2008–13, and WDR1LIVE in 2011.

Since 2010 production company Brainpool, which also co-produced the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest in Düsseldorf and the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest in Baku, have worked with NDR to co-produce the German national finals.

Germany has often changed the selection process used in order to find the country's entry for the contest, either a national final or internal selection (occasionally a combination of both formats) has been held by the broadcaster at the time.

History[]

The Federal Republic of Germany has participated in the contest since its inception in 1956. Germany participated in the first edition in 1956, but their placement in the contest is not recorded because only the winner, Switzerland, was announced.[1] Prior to the German reunification, the country was occasionally presented as "West Germany". The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) did not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest but instead took part in the Intervision Song Contest. The 1991 contest marked the first time that the former East Germany participated in the contest following the German reunification on 3 October 1990.

With one win (1982) and four second-place results (1980, 1981, 1985 and 1987), Germany is the second most successful country in the contest in the 1980s, behind Ireland, who had two wins in the decade.

1996 absence[]

ARD had selected an artist and song to represent them at the 1996 contest, to be held in Oslo, Norway. Due to the large number of countries wanting to compete at Eurovision, the EBU determined that only 23 of the 30 countries could compete. Hosts Norway qualified automatically, the other 29 songs went into an audio-only pre-qualification round, with the top 22 going on to compete alongside Norway in Oslo. Unfortunately for Germany, its entry, Leon with "Planet of Blue", failed to earn enough points to progress to the final, finishing 24th. ARD and the EBU were not happy with this, as Germany was the biggest financial contributor at the time. This is the only time that Germany has been absent from the contest.

2000s[]

In the 2000s, Germany has been notable for their adoption of musical styles which are not typical of Eurovision, such as country and western (Texas Lightning – "No No Never" in 2006) and swing (Roger Cicero – "Frauen regier'n die Welt" in 2007 and Alex Swings Oscar Sings – "Miss Kiss Kiss Bang" in 2009). Germany had some successes throughout the decade, Lou - "Let's Get Happy" came in 11th place out of 26 in 2003. Germany tied for last in 2008 for points, but was awarded 23rd of 25 places when the results were posted. In 2009, ARD held an internal selection for the first time since 1995 due to lack of interest and viewing figures of the German national finals.[2] Alex Christensen and Oscar Loya were selected to represent Germany at the 2009 contest, where they performed on stage with burlesque artist Dita Von Teese. However they only managed to receive 35 points, placing 20th of 25 competing countries.

2010s[]

In 2010, ARD approached former entrant and songwriter Stefan Raab and private network ProSieben to co-operate in finding a winning entry for the country. It has been said that Raab was approached due to his good record at the contest, finishing 5th in 2000 as well as writing entries in 1998 and 2004, which finished 7th and 8th, respectively. Raab agreed and conducted a TV casting show called Unser Star für Oslo which was broadcast on ARD and ProSieben. A winner arose in Lena Meyer-Landrut with "Satellite", who went on to win the contest. Two further collaborations with ProSieben provided the second and third top ten result in a row respectively in 2011 (Lena, who returned to defend her title with "Taken by a Stranger") and 2012 (Roman Lob with "Standing Still").

The streak of top 10 finishes was broken in the 2013 contest, when Cascada's song "Glorious" finished 21st with 18 points. The group Elaiza in 2014, Ann Sophie in 2015, Jamie-Lee in 2016 and Levina in 2017 finished in 18th, 27th (last), 26th (last) and 25th (second to last) place respectively. Ann Sophie became the country's third entry to finish with nul points, after Nora Nova in 1964 and Ulla Wiesner in 1965, and the first since the introduction of the current scoring system in 1975.

Germany's luck changed in 2018, when Michael Schulte brought them back to the top 5 for the first time since 2010 with "You Let Me Walk Alone", finishing in fourth place. This is the first time since 2012 that more than one country from the Big 5 has made the top ten (with Italy finishing fifth) and the second time (after 2002) that two Big 5 countries have made the top five since the establishment of the rule. The year after, the duo Sisters with the song "Sister" was not able to replicate the same success, receiving nul points from the televote to finish in 25th place overall with 24 points.

Germany and the "Big Five"[]

Since 1999, Germany, along with France, Spain and the United Kingdom, have automatically qualified for the Eurovision final regardless of their results in previous contests.[3] These countries earned this special status by being the four biggest financial contributors to the EBU, and subsequently became known as the "Big Four". In 2009, it was reported that the Big Four could lose their status and be forced to compete in the semi-finals;[4] however, this never materialised, and the rule remained in place.[5] When Italy returned to the contest in 2011, it was given the same untouchable status, thus upgrading the countries to members of a "Big Five".[6][7]

Germany was the first Big Five country to win the contest after the rule was introduced, courtesy of Lena in 2010. In terms of success, they are currently second behind Italy, who won in 2021 with Måneskin, and finished second in 2011 with Raphael Gualazzi and again in 2019 with Mahmood. However, taking into account Italy’s absence from the contest for the first eleven years of the rule’s existence, Germany remains the only country to have won out of the original "Big Four".

Participation overview[]

Table key
1
 Winner
2
 Second place
3
 Third place
◁
 Last place
X
 Entry selected but did not compete
†
 Upcoming
Year Entrant Song Language Final Points Semi Points
1956
 Walter Andreas Schwarz "Im Wartesaal zum großen Glück" German 2[a] N/A No semi-finals
Freddy Quinn "So geht das jede Nacht" German 2[a]
1957
 Margot Hielscher "Telefon, Telefon" German[b] 4 8
1958
 Margot Hielscher "Für zwei Groschen Musik" German 7 5
1959
 Alice and Ellen Kessler "Heute Abend wollen wir tanzen geh'n" German 8 5
1960
 Wyn Hoop "Bonne nuit ma chérie" German 4 11
1961
 Lale Andersen "Einmal sehen wir uns wieder" German 13 3
1962
 Conny Froboess "Zwei kleine Italiener" German 6 9
1963
 Heidi Brühl "Marcel" German 9 5
1964
 Nora Nova "Man gewöhnt sich so schnell an das Schöne" German 13 ◁ 0
1965
 Ulla Wiesner "Paradies, wo bist du?" German 15 ◁ 0
1966
 Margot Eskens "Die Zeiger der Uhr" German 10 7
1967
 Inge Brück "Anouschka" German 8 7
1968
 Wencke Myhre "Ein Hoch der Liebe" German 6 11
1969
 Siw Malmkvist "Primaballerina" German 9 8
1970
 Katja Ebstein "Wunder gibt es immer wieder" German 3 12
1971
 Katja Ebstein "Diese Welt" German 3 100
1972
 Mary Roos "Nur die Liebe läßt uns leben" German 3 107
1973
 Gitte "Junger Tag" German 8 85
1974
 Cindy and Bert "Die Sommermelodie" German 14 ◁ 3
1975
 Joy Fleming "Ein Lied kann eine Brücke sein" German, English 17 15
1976
 Les Humphries Singers "Sing Sang Song" German 15 12
1977
 Silver Convention "Telegram" English 8 55
1978
 Ireen Sheer "Feuer" German 6 84
1979
 Dschinghis Khan "Dschinghis Khan" German 4 86
1980
 Katja Ebstein "Theater" German 2 128
1981
 Lena Valaitis "Johnny Blue" German 2 132
1982
 Nicole "Ein bißchen Frieden" German[c] 1 161
1983
 Hoffmann and Hoffmann "Rücksicht" German 5 94
1984
 Mary Roos "Aufrecht geh'n" German 13 34
1985
 Wind "Für alle" German 2 105
1986
 Ingrid Peters "Über die Brücke geh'n" German 8 62
1987
 Wind "Laß die Sonne in dein Herz" German 2 141
1988
 Maxi and Chris Garden "Lied für einen Freund" German 14 48
1989
 Nino de Angelo "Flieger" German 14 46
1990
 Chris Kempers and Daniel Kovac "Frei zu leben" German 9 60
1991
 Atlantis 2000 "Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben" German 18 10
1992
 Wind "Träume sind für alle da" German 16 27
1993
 Münchener Freiheit "Viel zu weit" German 18 18 Kvalifikacija za Millstreet
1994
 Mekado "Wir geben 'ne Party" German 3 128 No semi-finals
1995
 Stone and Stone "Verliebt in Dich" German 23 ◁ 1
1996
 Leon "Planet of Blue" German Failed to qualify[d] X 24 24
1997
 Bianca Shomburg "Zeit" German 18 22 No semi-finals
1998
 Guildo Horn "Guildo hat euch lieb!" German 7 86[e]
1999
 Sürpriz "Reise nach Jerusalem – Kudüs'e Seyahat" German, Turkish,
English, Hebrew 		3 140
2000
 Stefan Raab "Wadde hadde dudde da?" German, English 5 96
2001
 Michelle "Wer Liebe lebt" German, English 8 66
2002
 Corinna May "I Can't Live Without Music" English 21 17
2003
 Lou "Let's Get Happy" English 11 53
2004
 Max "Can't Wait Until Tonight" English, Turkish 8 93 Member of the "Big 4"
2005
 Gracia "Run & Hide" English 24 ◁ 4
2006
 Texas Lightning "No No Never" English 14 36
2007
 Roger Cicero "Frauen regier'n die Welt" German, English 19 49
2008
 No Angels "Disappear" English 23 14
2009
 Alex Swings Oscar Sings! "Miss Kiss Kiss Bang" English 20 35
2010
 Lena "Satellite" English 1 246
2011
 Lena "Taken by a Stranger" English 10 107 Member of the "Big 5" and host country
2012
 Roman Lob "Standing Still" English 8 110 Member of the "Big 5"
2013
 Cascada "Glorious" English 21 18
2014
 Elaiza "Is It Right" English 18 39
2015
 Ann Sophie "Black Smoke" English 27 ◁ 0[f]
2016
 Jamie-Lee "Ghost" English 26 ◁ 11
2017
 Levina "Perfect Life" English 25 6
2018
 Michael Schulte "You Let Me Walk Alone" English 4 340
2019
 Sisters "Sister" English 25 24
2020
 Ben Dolic "Violent Thing" English Contest cancelled[g] X
2021
 Jendrik "I Don't Feel Hate" English[h] 25 3 Member of the "Big 5"
2022
 Malik Harris "Rockstars" English Upcoming †

Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest[]

Further information: Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest
Entrant Language Song At Congratulations At Eurovision
Final Points Semi Points Year Place Points
Nicole German "Ein bißchen Frieden" Failed to qualify 7 106 1982 1 161

Hostings[]

Year Location Venue Presenter(s)
1957 Frankfurt Großer Sendesaal Anaid Iplicjian
1983 Munich Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle Marlene Charell
2011 Düsseldorf Esprit Arena Anke Engelke, Judith Rakers and Stefan Raab

Awards[]

Barbara Dex Award[]

Further information: Barbara Dex Award
Year Performer Host city Ref.
1998 Guildo Horn United Kingdom Birmingham
[9]

Related involvement[]

Conductors[]

Year Conductor[i] Musical Director Notes Ref.
1956 Switzerland Fernando Paggi N/A Host conductor [10]
1957 Willy Berking [j]
1958 Netherlands Dolf van der Linden N/A Host conductor
1959 France Franck Pourcel
1960 Franz Josef Breuer
1961 France Franck Pourcel Host conductor
1962 Rolf-Hans Müller
1963 Willy Berking
1964
1965 Alfred Hause
1966 Willy Berking
1967 Hans Blum
1968 Horst Jankowski
1969 Hans Blum
1970 Christian Bruhn [11]
1971 Dieter Zimmermann
1972 Paul Kuhn
1973 Günther-Eric Thöner
1974 Werner Scharfenberger
1975 Rainer Pietsch
1976 United Kingdom Les Humphries
1977 United Kingdom Ronnie Hazlehurst Host conductor
1978 Jean Frankfurter
1979 Austria Norbert Daum
1980 Wolfgang Rödelberger [12]
1981
1982 Austria Norbert Daum
1983 Dieter Reith
1984 Luxembourg Pierre Cao N/A Host conductor
1985 Rainer Pietsch
1986 Hans Blum
1987 Hungarian People's Republic László Bencker
1988 United States Michael Thatcher
1989 No conductor
1990 Rainer Pietsch
1991 Hermann Weindorf
1992 Austria Norbert Daum
1993
1994
1995 Hermann Weindorf
1997 No conductor
1998 Stefan Raab [k]

Heads of delegation[]

Year Head of delegation Ref.
1996–2005 Jürgen Meier-Beer
[13]
2007–2008 Manfred Witt
[14]
2015 Torsten Amarell
[15]
2016–2017 Carola Conze
[16]
2018–2019 Christoph Pellander
[17]
2020–present Alexandra Wolfslast
[18]

Commentators and spokespersons[]

Over the years ARD commentary has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including , Thomas Gottschalk, Jan Hofer, Wolf Mittler, Fritz Egner and Werner Veigel. However Peter Urban provided ARD TV commentary every year since 1997, however due to his health issues in 2009 he was forced to step down as role as German commentator with HR disc jockey Tim Frühling filling in to commentate at Moscow. Urban returned to commentate for Germany in 2010.[19] In 2020, Michael Schulte was set to commentate the contest together with Urban. Both of them commentated the replacement show Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light instead, as well as the show "Eurovision Song Contest 2020 - Das deutsche Finale" from the Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg.

Year Commentator Spokesperson Ref.
1956 Wolf Mittler No spokesperson
1957 Joachim Fuchsberger
1958 Claudia Doren
1959 Elena Gerhard Hans-Joachim Rauschenbach
1960 Wolf Mittler
1961 Heinz Schenk
1962 Ruth Kappelsberger Klaus Havenstein
1963 Hanns-Joachim Friedrichs Werner Veigel
1964 Hermann Rockmann Lia Wöhr
1965
1966 Hans-Joachim Rauschenbach Werner Veigel
1967 Karin Tietze-Ludwig
1968 Hans-Otto Grünefeldt
1969
1970 Marie-Louise Steinbauer
1971 Hanns Verres No spokesperson
1972
1973
1974 Werner Veigel Hanns-Joachim Friedrichs
1975 TBC
1976 Wilhelm Stöck
1977
1978 Sigi Harreis[20]
1979 , Gabi Schnelle Lotti Ohnesorge
1980 TBC
1981
1982
1983 Carolin Reiber
1984 Ruth Kappelsberger
1985 Christoph Deumling
1986
1987 Christoph Deumling, Lotti Ohnesorge Gabi Schnelle
1988 Nicole, Claus-Erich Boetzkes Lotti Ohnesorge
1989 Thomas Gottschalk Gabi Schnelle
1990 Fritz Egner
1991 Max Schautzer Christian Eckhardt
1992 Jan Hofer Carmen Nebel
1993
1994
1995 Horst Senker
1996 Ulf Ansorge Did not participate
1997 Peter Urban Christina Mänz
[19]
1998 Nena
[19]
1999 Renan Demirkan
[19]
2000 Axel Bulthaupt
[19]
2001
[19]
2002
[19]
2003
[19]
2004 Thomas Anders
[19]
2005 Thomas Hermanns
[19]
2006
[19]
2007
[19]
2008
[19]
2009 Tim Frühling Thomas Anders
[19]
2010 Peter Urban Hape Kerkeling
[19]
2011 Ina Müller
[19]
2012 Anke Engelke
2013 Lena Meyer-Landrut
2014 Helene Fischer
2015 Barbara Schöneberger
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020 Peter Urban, Michael Schulte Not announced before cancellation [21][22]
2021 Peter Urban Barbara Schöneberger

Other shows[]

Show Commentator Channel Ref.
Songs of Europe Unknown Das Erste
[23][24]
Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest Peter Urban SWR, WDR
[25]
Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits[l] NDR, MDR, EinsFestival
[26][27]
Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light[m] Peter Urban, Michael Schulte Das Erste
[28]

Photogallery[]

  • Margot Hielscher in Hilversum (1958)

  • Katja Ebstein in Amsterdam (1970)

  • Roger Cicero in Helsinki (2007)

  • No Angels in Belgrade (2008)

  • Oscar Sings in Moscow (2009)

  • Lena in Oslo (2010)

  • Lena in Düsseldorf (2011)

  • Roman Lob (middle) in Baku (2012)

  • Cascada in Malmö (2013)

  • Elaiza in Copenhagen (2014)

  • Ann Sophie in Vienna (2015)

  • Jamie-Lee in Stockholm (2016)

  • Levina in Kyiv (2017)

  • Michael Schulte in Lisbon (2018)

  • S!sters in Tel Aviv (2019)

  • Jendrik in Rotterdam (2021)

See also[]

Notes and references[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b The full results for the first contest in 1956 are unknown, as only the winner was announced. The official Eurovision site lists all the other songs as being placed second.
  2. ^ The song also contains words in English, French, Italian and Spanish.
  3. ^ Contained English, French, and Dutch words in the reprise.
  4. ^ In 1996, Germany failed to qualify for the contest from the pre-qualification round. The official Eurovision site does not count 1996 in Germany's total list of appearances.
  5. ^ Spain originally gave its 12 points to Israel and 10 to Norway. After the broadcast it was announced that Spanish broadcaster wrongly tallied the votes and Germany should have got the top mark - 12 points - instead of being snubbed, as it happened. The mistake was corrected and so Germany was placed 7th over Norway. Israel and Norway both received 2 points less than originally and Croatia, Malta, Portugal, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Estonia and Turkey all received one point less than indicated during the broadcast.
  6. ^ While Austria and Germany both finished with no points, Austria is listed as finishing ahead of Germany due to the tiebreaker rule that favours the song performed earliest in the running order.[8]
  7. ^ The 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  8. ^ Contains two sentences in German
  9. ^ All conductors are of German nationality unless otherwise noted.
  10. ^ Also conducted for Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland
  11. ^ Although the song didn't actually feature the orchestra, Raab still took the conductor's bow as the song's composer, writer, and arranger.
  12. ^ Broadcast on 16 May (NDR and MDR Fernsehen) and 22 May (EinsFestival)
  13. ^ Broadcast on a one-hour delay.

References[]

  1. ^ "Eurovision 1956 Results: Voting & Points". Eurovisionworld. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  2. ^ Floras, Stella (16 December 2008). "Germany: No national final for 2009". ESCToday. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  3. ^ O'Connor, John Kennedy (2005). The Eurovision Song Contest 50 Years The Official History. London: Carlton Books Limited. ISBN 1-84442-586-X.
  4. ^ Murray, Gavin (28 May 2008). "Big 4 (France: Germany; Spain; United Kingdom): May lose automatic place in Eurovision final". ESCToday. Retrieved 13 September 2008.
  5. ^ Viniker, Barry (14 September 2008). "Eurovision 'Big Four' final spots confirmed". 'ESCToday'. Retrieved 14 September 2008.
  6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ Fulton, Rick (14 May 2007). "The East V West Song Contest". Daily Record. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
  8. ^ "Rules for the Eurovision Song Contest 2009" (PDF). European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 18 July 2009.
  9. ^ Adams, William Lee (9 July 2015). "Poll: Who was the worst dressed Barbara Dex Award winner?". Wiwibloggs. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
  10. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 93–101. ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.
  11. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
  12. ^ Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  13. ^ Rau, Oliver (23 May 2005). "Jürgen Meier-Beer withdraws". esctoday.com. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  14. ^ "Eurovision Rewrites the Rule Book". dw.com. 7 October 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2019.
  15. ^ Granger, Anthony (6 September 2015). "Germany: Carola Conze New Head of Delegation". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  16. ^ Granger, Anthony (1 November 2017). "Germany: Carola Conze Steps Down as Head of Delegation". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  17. ^ Granger, Anthony (2 March 2019). "Germany: Christoph Pellander To Step Down as Head of Delegation in July". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  18. ^ Kourouvanis, Fotis (5 December 2019). "Germany: New Head of Delegation". eurovisionfun.com. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Dr. Peter Urban kommentiert". duesseldorf2011.de (in German). 17 December 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  20. ^ Eurovision Club Germany
  21. ^ Bayer, Felix (27 February 2020). "Professionell - aber auch originell?" (in German). Spiegel. Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  22. ^ NDR. "ESC 2020: Ben Dolic bei "Unser Lied für Rotterdam"". eurovision.de (in German). Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  23. ^ Wærhaug, Sølvi (24 August 1981). «Nesten krise …». VG. s. 36.
  24. ^ Wærhaug, Sølvi (18 August 1981). «Fire verdensdeler følger Momarkedet». VG. s. 37.
  25. ^ "Eurovision Congratulations to be screened in Germany". ESCToday. 28 September 2005. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  26. ^ "Germany: Will Broadcast Eurovision's Greatest Hits". Eurovoix. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  27. ^ "Jubiläums-Show: "Eurovision's Greatest Hits" im TV". NDR. 24 April 2015. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  28. ^ Granger, Anthony (26 April 2020). "Germany: Organises Two Shows To Determine The Nations Eurovision 2020 Winner". Eurovoix. Retrieved 9 July 2020.

External links[]

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