Grand Prince Neungchang

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Grand Prince Neungchang
능창대군
Duke Hyomin
효민공[1]
Prince of Joseon
Reign1612 - 4 May 1632
Coronation1612
PredecessorPrince Neungwon
Grand Prince of Joseon
(posthumously)
Coronation4 May 1632
PredecessorGrand Prince Neungwon
BornYi Jeon (이전, 李佺)
16 July 1599
His father's private house, Saemun-ri, Hanseong-bu, Kingdom of Joseon
Died17 November 1615 (aged 16)
Gyodong-gun, Ganghwa, Gyeonggi-do, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
"Grand Prince Neungchang Mausoleum", Chungung-dong, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do[2]
Spouse
Grand Princess Consort of the Neungseong Gu clan
​
​
(m. 1615⁠–⁠1615)​
Issue
  1. Princess Yi Yeong-On
  2. Yi Yo, Prince Inpyeong (adopted)
HouseHouse of Yi
FatherWonjong of Joseon (biological)
(adopted)
MotherQueen Inheon of the Neungseong Gu clan (biological)
Princess Consort of the Pyeongsan Sin clan (adopted)
Grand Prince Neungchang
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationNeungchang Daegun
McCune–ReischauerNŭngj'ang Taekun
Birth name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationYi Jeon
McCune–ReischauerI Ch'ŏn
Posthumous name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationHyomin
McCune–ReischauerH'yomin
Korean Other Title
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationNeungchang gun
McCune–ReischauerNŭngj'ang kun

Prince Neungchang (Hangul: 능창군, Hanja: 綾昌君; 16 July 1599 - 17 November 1615) or formally called Grand Prince Neungchang (Korean: 능창대군; Hanja: 綾昌大君)[3] personal name Yi Jeon (Korean: 이전; Hanja: 李佺)[2] was a Korean Royal Prince as the third son of Wonjong of Joseon and Queen Inheon of the Neungseong Gu clan.[4] He was the second little brother of Injo of Joseon.[2] It was said that he was good in horse riding and martial arts (especially archery).[5]

Biography[]

Early life[]

The future Grand Prince Neungchang was born on 16 July 1599 (32nd year reign of Seonjo of Joseon) in Saemun-ri, Seongseo, Hanseong-bu, Kingdom of Joseon as the youngest son of Prince Jeongwon (정원군, 定遠君) and Princess Consort Yeonju of the Neungseong Gu clan (연주군부인, 連珠郡夫人), the daughter of (구사맹).[6]

Although he was the son of Prince Jeongwon, but later became the adoptive son of his 2nd uncle, (신성군)[2] whom died without any issue left and was take care by his adoptive mother, (군부인 신씨), the daughter of Sin-Rib (신립).[6] Therefore, (신입) became his maternal grandfather, both of (신경진) and (신경희) become his maternal uncles.[7]

It was said that from the young age, the Prince was excellent in talent and wisdom, also had a good appearance. He liked to read and because of that, he was nicknamed as Hyeongongja (현공자, 賢公子). Later in 1601, when he was still 3 years old, he was given royal title Master Neungchang (능창수, 綾昌守) at first, but then in 1612, at 14 years old, he became Prince Neungchang (능창군, 綾昌君).[8]

During Gwanghaegun of Joseon's reign[]

During the Prince's half uncle, Gwanghaegun of Joseon's reign periods, there was a rumor that he wanted to become king because he threatened Gwanghae's throne. Later, in 1608 (Gwanghaegun's ascension to the throne), immediately after (유영경)'s death in prison, the Prince become Jeongunwonjonggongsin rank 1 (정운원종공신 1등). Later, in 1613 (5th year reign of Gwanghaegun), after Prince Imhae (임해군) was imprisoned, he became Iksawonjonggongsin rank 1 (익사원종공신 1등).[9]

Then, on 14 August 1615, there was a speculation that Gwanghae wanted to appointed him as Grand Prince Neungchang (능창대군, 綾昌大君).[citation needed] However, on 22 August in the same year, Gwanghae then captured Neungchang and after speak in Injeongmun (인정문, 仁政門), he imprisoned him and exiled him to Gyodong-do, Ganghwa.[6]

Later life[]

Later, on 17 November 1615 (8th year reign of Gwanghaegun of Joseon), the Prince committed suicide after write a letter to his parents and passed it into his brother-in-law at the government office. However, those Susaeng (수생) couldn'1t deliver his letter to his parents right away, so he put it in a sash and buried it in the soil. Meanwhile, in March 16123, after his oldest brother, Grand Prince Neungyang (능양대군) got rebellion and succeeded Gwanghae's throne, Neungchang's letter was delivered to him.[6]

Meanwhile, on 19 November 1615 (7th year reign of Gwanghaegun of Joseon), Gwanghae exiled him to Gyo-dong on charges of treason and he was immediately killed and died in there. Heard if he was death, their father, Wonjong was so heartbroken over this that makes he suddenly caught an illness, and while drinking the alcohol, he died on 2 February 1619 (11st year reign of Gwanghaegun of Joseon) at 40 years old.[6] Meanwhile, on 13 March 1623, his oldest brother, Prince Neungyang (능양군) make a rebellion and then ascended the throne.[10] At this time, along with (김제남), Grand Prince Yeongchang (영창대군), (이태경 진릉군),[11] and the others were reinstated.[12]

The Prince was firstly honoured as Gadeokdaebu (가덕대부, 贈嘉德大夫),[13] then on 15 October 1629 (Injo's 7th year reign), he was promoted to Hyeollokdaebu (현록대부, 贈顯祿大夫).[14] Later, after his parents became Grand Internal Prince (대원군, 大院君; Daewongun) and Grand Internal Princess Consort (부대부인, 府大夫人; Budaebuin) in 1630, the Princes became a Grand Prince (대군, 大君; Daegun) on 4 May 1632 (Injo's 10th year reign).[6] Therefore, his tombstone was named as Grand Prince Neungchang (능창대군, 綾昌大君).

Aftermath and tomb[]

The Prince died on 17 November 1615 not long after his marriage with Lady Gu (구씨; the future Princess Consort Gu, 군부인 구씨) in March 1615. Although she didn't gave him any child, but with a concubine, he had 1 daughter, Princess Yi Yeong-On (향주 이영온) whom later married Heo-Seo (허서), the 3rd little brother of Heo-Mok (허목).[15]

He was firstly buried in Gunjang-ri, Geumchon-myeon, Yangju-gun, Gyeonggi-do (later became the parts of Geumgok-ri (Geumgok-dong, Namyangju-si), Migeum-myeon). Then, on 29 October 1629 (6th year reign of Injo of Joseon), his tomb was relocated in Nanji-won, Geuncheohyeok-dong, Namhansanseong Fortress, Godae-myeon, Gwangju-gun, Gyeonggi-do. Later, it was moved again to the Mountain behind Gogol Gungan Village, Chungung-ri, Dongbu-myeon, Gwangju-gun, Gyeonggi-do.

Later, on 13 May 1658, his adopted son, Grand Prince Inpyeong (인평대군) was died and then buried on 13 July in the same year which built right next to Neungchang's tomb but, then moved to Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do after 35 years.[16] In the left side, (이혁 의원군) and his wife's tomb were builted and (이연응) and his wife's tomb were built below from there.

Meanwhile, Neungchang's house was confiscated by Gwanghaegun of Joseon and builted in Gyeongdeok Palace (경덕궁, 慶德宮).[9] Later, after his death, in March 1623, his first big brother, Prince Neungyang (능양군) had rebellion and then ascended the throne as King Injo then, reinstated on 15 March in the same year. He later honoured as Gadeokdaebu (가덕대부) firstly and then changed into Hyeollokdaebu (현록대부). Injo later make his third son, (인평대군) became Neungchang's adopted son.

Family[]

  • Father:
    • Biological: Wonjong of Joseon (2 August 1580 - 29 December 1619) (조선 원종)
    • Adopted (2nd uncle): Yi Hu, Prince Sinseong (6 January 1579 - 8 December 1592) (이후 신성군)
      • Grandfather: Seonjo of Joseon (26 November 1552 - 16 March 1608) (조선 선조왕)
      • Grandmother: Royal Noble Consort In of the Suwon Gim clan (1555 - 10 December 1613) (인빈 김씨)
  • Mother:

Sibling(s):

  1. Big brother: Yi Jong, Grand Prince Neungyang (7 December 1595 - 17 June 1649) (이종 능양대군)
    1. Big sister In-law: Queen Inryeol of the Cheongju Han clan (16 August 1594 - 16 January 1636) (인열왕후 한씨) – had 6 sons and 1 unnamed daughter.
    2. Big sister In-law: Queen Jangryeol of the Yangju Jo clan (16 December 1624 - 20 September 1688) (장렬왕후 조씨) — No issue.
  2. Big brother: Yi Bo, Grand Prince Neungwon (15 May 1598 - 26 January 1656) (이보 능원대군)
    1. Big sister In-law: Grand Princess Consort Munhwa of the Munhwa Yu clan (27 October 1598 - 3 August 1676) (문화부부인 문화 유씨) – had several children but all of them died in birth/pregnancy.
    2. Big sister In-law: Grand Princess Consort, of the Yeongam Gim clan (9 March 1610 - 25 January 1696) (부부인 영암 김씨) – had 4 sons and 4 daughters.
  • Consorts and their Respective Issue(s):
  1. Grand Princess Consort, of the Neungseong Gu clan (부부인 능성 구씨) — No issue.[17][18]
  2. Unknown woman, from a Palace Maid
    1. Princess Yi Yeong-On (향주 이영온) – 1st and the only daughter.[19]

[15]

Others[]

  • In (남연군), Prince Imperial Heung (흥친왕), also Prince Yeongseon (영선군)'s family registers during the Japanese Colonial Periods, both of they were listed as the descendants of Grand Prince Neungchang (7th generation).
  • Although, (허목) built and wrote the tombstones for his wife, in-laws, and daughter-in-law one by one, but only his oldest daughter whom had no full inscriptions about her life, just recorded if she married with Heo-Seo (허서), Heo-Mok's 3rd little brother.[20][21]
  • He had the same title name like (이숙 능창군; ? - 30 November 1768) who was the son of (이연 화산군) and the grandson of (이건 해원군), also the son of (이공 인성군), the other illegitimate son of King Seonjo. So, Prince Neungchang (Yi Suk) was Prince Neungchang (Yi Jeon)'s descendant too.

In popular culture[]

  • Portrayed by Lee Seok-min in the 2003 SBS The King's Woman.

References[]

  1. ^ "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "능창대군묘(綾昌大君墓)". m.blog.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  3. ^ The royal title Grand Prince (대군, 大君; Dae-gun) was his Posthumous name. It given on 4 May 1632 (his 1st big brother, Injo of Joseon's 10th year reign), so during his lifetime, he never held that title and just held the title as a Prince (군, 君; Gun).
  4. ^ "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  5. ^ "인조의 동생인 능창대군의 미라". m.blog.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "인조 대왕 행장(行狀)". sillok.history.go.kr. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  7. ^ "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  8. ^ 新完譯 대동 기문 [The New Story of Daedong Gimun] (in Korean). University of California, Oakland, California: Myeongundang, 명문당. 2000. p. 235. ISBN 9788972704584. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr (in Chinese). Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  10. ^ "인조 대왕 행장(行狀)". sillok.history.go.kr. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  11. ^ He was the great-grandson of Deokheung Daewongun (덕흥대원군) and Hadong Budaebuin (하동부대부인) from their oldest son, (이정 하원군). Yi Tae-Gyeong's father was Prince Hawon's second son, (이향령 익성군).
  12. ^ "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  13. ^ For the uther uses, see Seong-mu, Lee (1995). "가덕대부 (贈嘉德大夫)". encykorea.aks.ac.kr. Encykorea. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  14. ^ For the uther uses, see Seong-mu, Lee (1995). "현록대부(顯祿大夫)". encykorea.aks.ac.kr. Encykorea. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "조선14대 추존 원종자식 - 능창대군 이전(贈 綾昌大君 李佺)". m.blog.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  16. ^ "(능창대군-인평대군派) 종실 안계군 이지 묘". m.blog.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  17. ^ Because they had no any issue, they become the adoptive parents of Yi Yo, Grand Prince Inpyeong (이요 인평대군; 1622 - 1658) whom was their nephew because he was the 3rd son of Injo of Joseon, Neungchang's oldest brother.
  18. ^ Their adopted son, Grand Prince Inpyeong later married Grand Princess Consort Bokcheon of the Dongbok Oh clan (복천부부인 동복 오씨; 22 April 1622 - 6 August 1658), the daughter of Chief State Councillor Oh-Dan(영의정 오단) and she then gave birth into 6 sons and 4 daughters. However, their second son, fourth son and two daughters were died at birth. So, just their first son and third son whom married and about their other 2 sons and 2 daughters were too young, so they all were brought to the palace and was raised by their uncle, Hyeonjong of Joseon.
  19. ^ Married with Heo-Seo (허서).
  20. ^ "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr (in Chinese). Retrieved June 9, 2021.
  21. ^ 인조실록 [Annals of Injo of Joseon] (in Korean). University of California, Oakland, California: National Culture Promotion Association, 민족문화추진회. 1989. p. 247.

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