Hellmuth Pfeifer

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Hans-Hellmuth Pfeifer
Born18 February 1894
Altenburg, Thuringia
Died22 April 1945(1945-04-22) (aged 51)
Finale Emilia, Emilia-Romagna
Allegiance German Empire
 Weimar Republic
 Nazi Germany
Service/branchGerman Imperial Army
Reichswehr
Army (Wehrmacht)
RankGeneralleutnant
Commands held65th Infantry Division
Battles/warsAllied offensive in Italy
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Spouse(s)Oda Seitz

Hans-Hellmuth Pfeifer (18 February 1894 – 22 April 1945) was a German general during World War II. A veteran of World War I, he held higher command positions in WWII, among other, that of the 65th Infantry Division in Italy, selecting its hand grenade symbol which earned the nickname "The Hand Grenade Division."[1]

Pfeifer was killed in action in Finale Emilia, in the Bologna sector, on 22 April 1945; mere days before the final Axis surrender in Italy. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and a staunch Nazi.

Early military career[]

Hans-Hellmuth Pfeifer joined the 3rd Kurhessisches Infantry Regiment "von Wittich" No. 83 (3. Kurhessisches Infanterie-Regiment "von Wittich" Nr. 83), Kassel, on March 16, 1912 as an officer cadet (Fahnenjunker).[2][3] On August 18, 1913, he was promoted to lieutenant (Leutnant) in the 4th Hanoverian Infantry Regiment No. 164 (4. Hannoversches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 164), patented 19 August 1911; serving with it as a company officer in the First World War.[3]

After the end of the war he was accepted into the Imperial Army as a first lieutenant (Oberleutnant). He joined the Reichswehr's Infantry Regiment 20 in 1919. With the 200,000-man transitional army in the spring of 1920, he was then part of the staff of the 10th Brigade as an aide-de-camp (Ordonanzoffizier). When the 100,000-man army of the Reichswehr was formed, he was transferred to the 16th Infantry Regiment on 1st October 1920. On 1st October 1921, he was transferred to the 16th Cavalry Regiment as a squadron officer. He was dismissed from active service in the Reichswehr on 1st April 1922. He then worked for the next few years as a department head in the tariff and freight department of Gutehoffnungshütte Oberhausen.

He married Oda Seitz on 5 April 1922.[3]

From 1st April 1929, he took over as the publishing director of the Ludendorff's publishing house Volkswarte (People's Observatory) in Munich.[3][4][5] In this position, among other things, he spread anti-Semitic conspiracy theories. On 1st July 1934, he rejoined the Reichswehr as a captain (Hauptmann). His seniority was set on 1st October 1933.[3] During the expansion of the Reichswehr into the Wehrmacht, Hans-Hellmuth was appointed company commander in one of the two infantry regiments by the Infantry Command VI (Oldenburg or Osnabrück). When the units were exposed on 15 October 1935, he was appointed company commander in the 58th Infantry Regiment. On 1st August 1936, he was promoted to major as such. From 1st October 1937 he was then active in the High Command of the Wehrmacht (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, OKW).[3][6] There he belonged to the domestic department (I) of the Wehrmacht General Affairs Office (Amtsgruppe Allgemeine Wehrmachtangelegenheiten, AWA); remaining in that capacity by the beginning of World War II, in the summer of 1939. At this time, Pfeifer published several articles that took up the subject of the political soldier.

World War II[]

Invasion of France[]

Pfeifer took command of the 3rd battalion of 185th Infantry Regiment in the 87th Infantry Division on 27 September 1939. As such, Pfeifer was promoted to lieutenant colonel (Oberstleutnant) on 1st December 1939. In the spring of 1940 he led his battalion within the newly established division in the Battle of France. The 87th Infantry Division occupied Paris in June 1940. He was then appointed commander of the 185 Infantry Regiment on 5 July 1940.

Invasion of the Soviet Union[]

From the beginning of the summer of 1941, he led his regiment in the Operation Barbarossa in the attack on Central Russia. On 1st October 1941, he was promoted to colonel (Oberst); his seniority was set on 1st June 1941. He distinguished himself during the German advance, for which he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 November 1941. Pfeifer remained in command when his regiment was renamed Grenadier-Regiment 185 in October 1942.

The new insignia of "The Hand Grenade Division".

On 31 October 1942 he was awarded the German Cross in Gold in the Battles of Rzhev. On 18 November 1942, he was seriously wounded. After his recovery, he took part in the 5th or 6th divisional leader course in Berlin in July 1943. On 1st September 1943, he was promoted to major general (Generalmajor). As such, he was appointed commander of the 65th Infantry Division in Italy on 1st December 1943.

Defense of Italy[]

Aged 49, he was described in the divisional history as having "indomitable energy" and of being a "military role model"; unusually for a general, Hans-Hellmuth Pfeifer wore the Infantry Assault Badge on his uniform, and also commanded from the front. He inherited a badly depleted division, whose complement of conscripted ethnic Germans that regularly deserted and surrendered to the Allies. In order to inspire his then dispirited troops, Hans-Hellmut changed the division's tactical insignia from the letter Z to a stylized hand grenade, an insignia that became very popular with the soldiers and which the division retained for the rest of the war.

The Divisional newsletter was named Die Handgranate ("The Hand Grenade"), and for Christmas 1944 large quantities of a special holiday edition were printed with the idea that they should be sent back to families at home. The edition contained ruminations on the war and a short report "From the War History of our Infantry Division."[7]

In the heavy defensive battles in June 1944 in the Alban Hills, southeast of Rome, he distinguished himself in particular. On 1st June 1944, he was promoted to lieutenant general (Generalleutnant). and pulled out of the line in January 1944. On 2 June 1944, he was mentioned by name in the daily Wehrmacht report:

"In this section of the front, the 65th Infantry Division under Lieutenant General Pfeiffer, the 3rd Panzergrenadier Division under Major General Hecker, reinforced by parts of the 4th Parachute Division, and a combat group composed of units of the Army and Parachute Troops under Lieutenant General Greiner, superbly supported by artillery and anti-aircraft artillery of the Luftwaffe, especially excellent."[3]

On 5 September 1944, he was awarded the Oak Leaves for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. On 22 April 1945 he died as commander of the 65th Infantry Division near Finale Emilia, north of Bologna.

Awards and decorations[]

References[]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Dorosh, Michael (21 April 2019). "How the Hand Grenade Division Got Its Name". YouTube. HandGrenadeDivision. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  2. ^ von Frobel, Guido (1912). Militär-Wochenblatt [Military weekly paper] (in German). Mitler und sohn. p. 3439.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Generalleutnant Hellmuth Pfeifer". Lexikon der Wehrmacht (in German). Retrieved 31 July 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Adressbuch des deutschen Buchhandels [Address book of the German book trade] (in German). Exchange Association of German Booksellers in Leipzig. 1931. p. 473.
  5. ^ Ludendorff, Erich (1951). Vom Feldherrn zum Weltrevolutionär und Wegbereiter deutscher Volksschöpfung: Bd. 2 Meine Lebenserinnerungen von 1926 bis 1933 [From commander to world revolutionary and pioneer of the German people's creation: Vol. 2 My memoirs from 1926 to 1933] (in German). Self-published. p. 1951.
  6. ^ Podzun, Hans-Henning (1953). Das Deutsche Heer 1939. Gliederung, Standorte, Stellenbesetzung und Verzeichnis sämtlicher Offiziere am 3.1.1939 [The German Army 1939: Structure, locations, staffing and list of all officers on 3 March 1939] (in German). Hans-Henning Podzun. p. 5.
  7. ^ Velten, Wilhelm (1974). Vom Kugelbaum zur Handgranate: die Geschichte der 65. Infanterie-Division [From the spherical tree to the hand grenade: the history of the 65th Infantry Division]. Neckargemünd: Kurt Vowinckel. p. 179.
  8. ^ a b Thomas 1998, p. 150.
  9. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 349.
  10. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 275.
  11. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 74.

Bibliography[]

  • (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Thomas, Franz (1998). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.
Military offices
Preceded by Commander of 65. Infanterie-Division
1 December 1943 - 22 April 1945 		Succeeded by
None
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