Hmar languages

Hmar
Hmar
Pronunciation	[m̥a]
Native to	India
Region	Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, Tripura, and Meghalaya
Ethnicity	Hmar
Native speakers	2,00,000+
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Kuki-Chin Central Hmar; ; ;
Writing system	Latin
Official status
Official language in	India
Recognised minority; language in	Assam, Manipur and Mizoram
Language codes
ISO 639-3	hmr
Glottolog	hmar1241

The Hmar languages are a subbranch of the Kukish branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family which comprises Hmar proper (Khosak), Biete, Hrangkhol and Sakachep.^[2] The Hmar languages are often treated as dialects of a single language, since differences between them are reportedly minor.^[3] The speakers of the language are also known as Hmar.

In Manipur, Hmar exhibits partial mutual intelligibility with the other Kukish dialects of the area including Thadou, Paite, Vaiphei, Simte, Kom and Gangte languages.^[4]

References[]

^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
^ VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages. STEDT Monograph 8, p. 50.
^ Baruah, Dutta P.N. & V.L.Y. Bapui. 1996. Hmar Grammar. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, p. 3: "Different sub-tribes and clans speak different varieties [...] The differences among them, however, are marginal".
^ Singh, Chungkham Yashawanta (1995). "The linguistic situation in Manipur" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 18 (1): 129–134. Retrieved 19 June 2014.

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[1] "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.

[2] VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages. STEDT Monograph 8, p. 50.

[3] Baruah, Dutta P.N. & V.L.Y. Bapui. 1996. Hmar Grammar. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, p. 3: "Different sub-tribes and clans speak different varieties [...] The differences among them, however, are marginal".

[Singh-4] Singh, Chungkham Yashawanta (1995). "The linguistic situation in Manipur" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 18 (1): 129–134. Retrieved 19 June 2014.

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