Holospira
| Holospira | |
|---|---|
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| Shell of Holospira elizabethae | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora informal group Sigmurethra |
| Superfamily: | |
| Family: | |
| Subfamily: | |
| Genus: | Holospira von Martens, 1860[1]
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| Species | |
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See text | |
Holospira is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Urocoptidae.
Holospira is the type genus of the subfamily 'Holospirinae Pilsbry, 1946'.
Etymology[]
Holos (ὅλος) from Ancient Greek means "‘whole’" or "‘entire’" and spira (spīra) from Latin means spire.
Shell description[]
The shell is small, cylindric, terminating above in a conic spire, retaining all the whorls, rimate or perforate. The shell has 11-21 whorls, which are closely coiled. The first 1½ of whorls are smooth. The rest of whorls are smooth, striate or ribbed. The suture is superficial. Body whorl is more or less built forward.[2]
The aperture is small, obliquely pear-shaped, rounded or oval. The peristome is expanded or reflected, continuous and usually free throughout.[2]
The columella (internal column) is hollow, variously sculptured or smooth.[2]
Anatomy[]
The foot is small, narrow for its length.[2]
The lung is long and narrow. Kidney is very narrowly triangular, being wider at the base, tapering anteriorly, slightly longer than the pericardium. There is apparently no secondary ureter.[2]
The buccal mass is small, about twice as long as wide, the oesophagus opening well forward. Salivary glands are not united, and in Holospira goldfussi they have long ducts.[2]
The jaw is thin, arcuate, with a wide median projection below or none.[2] The radula is about four times as long as wide, with from 19.1.19 teeth (in ) to 27.1.27 (in ).[2]
The genital system is like this: there is an atrium of moderate length, the penis is short, with a very long vas deferens, the retractor muscle (p. r.) being inserted at or just beyond the slightly swollen penis, and proximally attached to the floor of the lung, as usual.[2]
The free , attached proximally to the axis at about the junction of the cone with the cylindrical portion of the shell, are excessively long.[2]
Distribution[]
The geographic range of this genus extends from southern Mexico to Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. These snails are not found in Lower California nor Guatemala on the southeast.[2]
Habitat[]
They are confined chiefly to the elevated plateau, where they live under cacti, etc., in sunny places.[2]
These snails can tolerate great heat.[2]
Henry Augustus Pilsbry (1903) states, that living specimens of and survived immersion in boiling water for some minutes. Unlike other snails, they did not retract in the water.[2]
Species[]
Species in the genus Holospira include:[3][4]
- Gilbertson & Worthington, 2003[5] from subgenus
- Holospira arizonensis Stearns, 1890 - Arizona holospira
- Holospira bilamellata Dall, 1895 - bilamellate holospira
- Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1915
- Pilsbry, 1905 - Cave Creek holospira
- Pilsbry, 1905
- Dall, 1897 - Cockerell holospira
- Dall, 1895 - Cross holospira
- Pilsbry
- Holospira danielsi Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1915 - strongrib holospira
- Holospira elizabethae Pilsbry, 1889
- Gilbertson & Naranjo-García, 2010[6]
- Pilsbry, 1905 - stocky holospira
- Holospira goldfussi (Menke, 1847) - New Braunfels holospira
- Bartsch[7]
- † Cockerell - fossil species from Eocene of New Mexico known only from type locality[8]
- Holospira hamiltoni Dall, 1897 - Hamilton holospira
- † (Meek) - synonym Meek - fossil species from Eocene of New Mexico[8]
- Holospira mesolia Pilsbry, 1912 - widemouth holospira
- F. G. Thompson, 1974 - Metcalf holospira
- Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1915
- Holospira montivaga Pilsbry, 1946 - vagabond holospira
- Holospira oritis Pilsbry & Cheatum, 1951 - mountain holospira
- Holospira pasonis Dall, 1895 - robust holospira
- Pfr. - type species
- Holospira pityis Pilsbry & Cheatum, 1951 - pinecone holospira
- Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1905 - royal holospira
- Holospira riograndensis Pilsbry, 1946 - Rio Grande holospira
- Gilbertson, 1989 - Silver Creek holospira
- Bartsch, 1906 - teasing holospira
- Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1923 - Whetstone holospira
- Holospira yucatanensis Bartsch, 1906 - Bartsch holospira
References[]
This article incorporates public domain text from reference.[2]
- ^ von Martens E. (1860). In: Albers, Helic., ed. 2: 39.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Pilsbry H. A. 1903. Manual of Conchology. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 15 Urocoptidae. page 66-67.
- ^ Holospira. ITIS. accessed 19 June 2009.
- ^ Holospira. Discover Life, accessed 26 June 2009
- ^ Gilbertson L. H. & Worthington R. D. 2003. A new species of Holospira (Pulmonata: Urocoptidae) from New Mexico. The Veliger, 46(3): 220-224.
- ^ Gilbertson L. H. & Naranjo-García E. (2010). "A new species of Holospira (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Urocoptidae) from Coahuila, Mexico". Nautilus 124: 181-184.
- ^ Kathryn E. Perez. (last edited September 12, 2006) Land Snail List for Texas Archived 2009-04-30 at the Wayback Machine. accessed 25 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Joseph H. Hartman. 1981. Early Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of New Mexico: A review. GSA Bulletin, Geological Society of America, December 1981, 92(12): 942-950. doi:10.1130/0016-7606.
Further reading[]
- Pilsbry H. A. (6 December) 1946. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico), vol. II(1): 103, 111.
External links[]
- Tony Gallucci & James F. Scudday. 1979. Holospira Mesolia (Urocoptidae) New to Brewster County, Texas. The Southwestern Naturalist, 24(4): page 691.
- Urocoptidae