Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland
Part of a series on the |
COVID-19 pandemic |
---|
|
COVID-19 portal |
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and affected the political system of the Republic of Ireland, causing suspensions of legislative activities and isolation of multiple politicians due to fears of spreading the virus. Several politicians have tested positive for COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021.
General election and government formation[]
On 8 February, a general election took place in Ireland, before the outbreak had been declared a pandemic or reached Europe. Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael began talks on government formation on 11 March prompted by the public health emergency posed by COVID-19.[1][2]
On 20 February, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar offered his resignation to President Michael D. Higgins at Áras an Uachtaráin, remaining, however, as Taoiseach in a caretaker capacity until the formation of a new government.[3] President of Sinn Féin Mary Lou McDonald was the first high-profile politician affected by the spread of COVID-19, with her party cancelling events and her family entering self-isolation for a period, after McDonald confirmed on 2 March that her children attended the same school as the student with the first recorded case of COVID-19 in Ireland.[4]
Restriction announcements[]
On 12 March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced from Washington measures intended to stop COVID-19 spreading, including the closure of all schools, universities and childcare facilities from the following day, as well as the closure of all cultural institutions and the cancellation of "all indoor mass gatherings of more than 100 people and outdoor mass gatherings of more than 500 people".[5] After returning home earlier than anticipated from his visit to the United States, the Taoiseach Leo Varadkar addressed the nation on Saint Patrick's Night during A Ministerial Broadcast by An Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, TD, introducing television viewers to the concept of "cocooning", i.e. "At a certain point… we will advise the elderly and people who have a long-term illness to stay at home for several weeks".[6][7][8] The speech, which Varadkar made under Section 112 of the Broadcast Act, was the most watched television event in Irish history, surpassing the previous record held by The Late Late Toy Show by an additional total of about 25% and was widely distributed globally.[9][10] It was also plagiarised by Peter Bellew, the chief operating officer at British low-cost airline group EasyJet.[11]
On 24 March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced from Government Buildings the extension of all existing measures until 19 April—as well as stricter measures, among which were: the limiting of social gatherings to four people (unless members of the same household); the shutting of all non-essential retail outlets still open—effective from midnight—bringing an official end to hairdressing, theatres, gyms, leisure centres, betting offices, marts and other market places, casinos and bingo halls, playgrounds, holiday caravan parks, organised indoor and outdoor social events of any kind, including all sport (some of which, such as horse racing, was then still being held behind closed doors); the limitation of cafes and restaurants to takeaway and delivery services. Varadkar stopped short of calling it a "lockdown", the term used in other countries.[12][13][14]
On the evening of Friday 27 March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar gave a live televised speech to the nation during which he announced further restrictions on public activity.[15][16] He said that all people must stay at home until 12 April (Easter Sunday) from the following midnight[17] with the following exemptions: to travel to and from work (essential work only);[17] shopping for food or household goods;[17] to attend medical appointments or collect medicines or related products;[17] for vital family reasons, such as caring for a relative;[17] to take brief exercise within 2 km of home;[17] for farming purposes, such as food production or care of animals.[17] Department of the Taoiseach official Liz Canavan later clarified that the movement restrictions also did not apply to anyone trying to avoid "risk of harm", including those attempting to evade domestic abuse.[18] All public or private gatherings of any number of people outside a residence were prohibited.[17] More non-essential shops and services were shut, adult community education centres and local community centres were shut.[17] All non-essential surgery, health procedures and other non-essential health services was postponed.[17] All visits to hospitals, other residential healthcare facilities and prisons would cease, with specific exemptions on compassionate grounds.[17] Shielding, or cocooning, of those over 70 years of age, or those regarded as being in specific categories of vulnerable people, was introduced.[17] Minister for Transport Shane Ross confirmed that, following Varadkar's announcement of 28 March, driving tests and NCTs would be suspended, stating that it was "critical that we give drivers as well as operators of commercial vehicles peace of mind in relation to the status of their licence, learner permit, NCT certificate or certificate of roadworthiness, especially if it has expired or is likely to expire during the period of the COVID-19 health crisis".[19] On 6 June, Minister for Transport Shane Ross announced that NCT and DTT service centres would reopen from 8 June.[20][21]
On 10 April (Good Friday), Varadkar announced that the measures introduced on 27 March would be extended until at least 5 May.[22]
On 1 May, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced the extension of the current restrictions to 18 May at the earliest.[23] A roadmap to easing restrictions in Ireland that includes five stages was adopted by the government on 1 May 2020 and subsequently published online.[24][25]
On 5 June, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced a series of changes to the government's roadmap of easing COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland, which he summed up as: "Stay Local".[26]
On 12 June, Varadkar announced that travel restrictions remain in place and that nobody should leave Ireland for the purpose of tourism or leisure.[27]
On 19 June, Varadkar announced a further re-configuration of the government's roadmap of easing COVID-19 restrictions with hairdressers, barbers, gyms, cinemas and churches reopening from 29 June.[28][29]
On 7 August, the new Taoiseach Micheál Martin announced a series of measures for counties Kildare, Laois and Offaly following significant increases of COVID-19 cases in the three counties, which will come into effect from midnight and will remain in place for two weeks.[30] Measures include:[31][32]
- Residents of the three counties will not be permitted to travel outside of their counties except for in limited circumstances including to travel to and from work.
- Restaurants, cafés, pubs serving food, cinemas, gyms, theatres, museums, galleries, bingo halls, casinos, betting shops, leisure centres and other indoor recreational and cultural outlets will be closed.
- All retail outlets may remain open but with strict adherence to public health guidelines, including the wearing of face coverings.
- All indoor gatherings will be restricted to 6 people and outdoor gatherings restricted to 15 people.
On 18 August, following a Cabinet meeting at Government Buildings, the Government of Ireland announced six new measures because of the growing number of confirmed cases, which will remain in place until at least 13 September:[33][34][35]
- All outdoor events will be limited to 15 people
- All indoor events will be limited to 6 people, except for religious services, weddings and businesses, such as shops and restaurants
- Gardaí will be given new powers to enforce rules around social gatherings in restaurants and bars serving food, and in private homes
- Restaurants and cafés can remain open with closing times of 11.30pm
- People will be advised to work from home and to avoid using public transport, unless absolutely necessary
- Sports events and matches will revert to behind closed doors with strict avoidance of social gatherings before and after events
On 9 September, the Government announced that measures introduced on 18 August will be extended until Tuesday 15 September as a new roadmap for "living with COVID-19" will be announced, which will include a colour-coded, five-level system to indicate what public health measures are in place in different areas of the country at any given time.[36][37]
On 15 September, the Government announced a medium-term plan for living with COVID-19 that includes five levels of restrictions, with the entire country at Level 2 and specific restrictions in Dublin including the postponement of the reopening of pubs not serving food.[38][39]
On 18 September, following an announcement at Government Buildings, Taoiseach Micheál Martin confirmed that Dublin will move to Level 3 restrictions from midnight and will remain in place for three weeks until 9 October.[40][41][42]
On 24 September, Taoiseach Micheál Martin confirmed that Donegal would move to Level 3 restrictions from the midnight of 25 September and will remain in place for three weeks until 16 October, with pubs remaining open for takeaway, delivery and outdoor dining to a maximum of 15 people only.[43][44][45]
On 4 October, in a letter sent to the Government, the National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET) recommended the highest level of restrictions for the entire country – Level 5 for four weeks, following an unscheduled NPHET meeting chaired by Chief Medical Officer Tony Holohan.[46][47][48] The next day on 5 October, the Government rejected NPHET's recommendation to place the entire country under Level 5 restrictions, and instead moved every county in Ireland to Level 3 COVID-19 restrictions with improved enforcement and indoor dining in pubs and restaurants banned, which will come into effect from the midnight of 6 October until 27 October at the earliest.[49][50][51] Speaking on RTÉ's Claire Byrne Live, Tánaiste Leo Varadkar stated that the recommendation from NPHET to move to Level 5 "hadn't been thought through and there hadn't been prior consultation".[52][53][54]
On 14 October, the Government agreed a nationwide ban on all household visits from the night of Thursday 15 October, except for essential reasons such as childcare and on compassionate grounds.[55][56] Taoiseach Micheál Martin announced that counties Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan would move to Level 4 restrictions from the midnight of 15 October until 10 November.[57][58][59]
On 16 October, the National Public Health Emergency Team recommended to the Government to move the entire country to Level 5 restrictions for six weeks.[60][61][62]
On 17 October, Chief Medical Officer Tony Holohan, Deputy Chief Medical Officer Ronan Glynn and Chair of the Epidemiological Modelling Advisory Group Philip Nolan briefed the three leaders of the Government of Ireland, Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly, Minister for Finance Paschal Donohoe and Minister for Public Expenditure Michael McGrath to explain why the National Public Health Emergency Team recommended moving the entire country to Level 5 COVID-19 restrictions for six weeks.[63][64][65]
On 19 October, the Government agreed to move the entire country to Level 5 lockdown restrictions from midnight on Wednesday 21 October for six weeks until 1 December.[66][67][68]
On 8 November, the Government was criticised for a lack of clarity on what COVID-19 restrictions would apply at Christmas after the Chair of the Irish Epidemiological Modelling Advisory Group Philip Nolan warned that strict limits would be needed on Christmas gatherings.[69]
On 24 November, Tánaiste Leo Varadkar stated in Dáil Éireann that a third wave of restrictions may be required in the new year after the Christmas holiday.[70][71][72]
On 27 November, the Government agreed the approach for easing restrictions, including a phased move to Level 3 restrictions nationally from midnight on Tuesday 1 December, with a number of exceptions in place for the Christmas period from 18 December.[73][74][75]
Following the announcement of a third wave of COVID-19 that had arrived in the country,[76][77][78] the Government acted swiftly and on 22 December, Level 5 lockdown restrictions (subject to a number of adjustments) were agreed by the Government, which came into effect from 24 December (Christmas Eve) until 12 January 2021 at the earliest.[79][80][81]
On 30 December, six days after lockdown restrictions with a number of adjustments were reimposed nationwide, the Government agreed to move the entire country to full Level 5 lockdown restrictions from midnight until 31 January 2021 at the earliest.[82][83][84]
On 6 January 2021, the Government agreed a number of new lockdown measures including the closure of all schools until February with Leaving Certificate students allowed to attend school for three days a week,[85][86] the closure of all non-essential construction sites with certain exceptions at 6pm on 8 January,[87][88] the requirement from 9 January for all passengers from the UK and South Africa to have a negative PCR test that they acquired within 72 hours of travelling[89] and the prohibition of click-and-collect services for non-essential retail.[90][91][92] During the new lockdown, the Government was forced to abandon plans for Leaving Certificate students to attend school on three days a week and plans to reopen special schools on Thursday 21 January for thousands of children with special educational needs due to safety concerns among staff unions.[93][94][95]
On 22 January, Taoiseach Micheál Martin confirmed that there would be no easing of Level 5 lockdown restrictions at the end of January and suggested the current restrictions would be in place for at least another four weeks.[96][97][98] On 26 January, the Government announced the extension of the Level 5 lockdown restrictions until 5 March, along with a number of new measures including a mandatory 14-day quarantine period for all people travelling into the country without a negative COVID-19 test, including all arrivals from Brazil and South Africa.[99][100][101]
On 23 February, Taoiseach Micheál Martin announced the extension of Level 5 lockdown restrictions for another six weeks until 5 April (Easter Monday) at the earliest as the Government published its new revised Living with COVID-19 plan called "The Path Ahead", which includes the phased reopening of schools and childcare and the extension of the COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment and the Employment Wage Subsidy Scheme.[102][103][104]
On 30 March, the Government announced a phased easing of Level 5 restrictions from Monday 12 April, with people allowed to travel within their county, two households allowed to meet socially outdoors, people who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 allowed to meet other fully vaccinated people indoors, and the resumption of all residential construction projects from that date.[105][106][107]
On 29 April, the Government announced a reopening plan for the country throughout May and June from 10 May, with inter-county travel allowed, the reopening of all hairdressers, libraries, museums and galleries, up to 50 people allowed to attend religious services, the resumption of click-and-collect services and the allowances of three households to meet outdoors (including in private gardens) and a vaccinated household to meet an unvaccinated household indoors from that date.[108]
On 28 May, the Government announced a further reopening plan for the country throughout June, July and August, with the reopening of all hotels from 2 June, outdoor hospitality, cinemas, swimming pools, gyms from 7 June, and indoor hospitality from 5 July.[109]
On 29 June, due to the rapidly increasing incidence of the Delta variant, the Government announced that the planned reopening of indoor dining and drinking in restaurants and pubs on 5 July would be delayed until at least 19 July when a system to verify vaccination or immunity would be implemented, while 50 guests would be permitted to attend wedding celebrations as an exception from July.[110] Following several meetings and discussions between the hospitality sector and senior government officials to discuss a new self-regulated vaccine pass system, indoor dining and drinking in restaurants and pubs resumed on Monday 26 July to fully vaccinated or COVID-19 recovered people, with businesses operating under new strict guidelines.[111][112][113] Under the new guidelines, there would be no time limits for customers, closing time would be set at 11:30pm, up to six adults would be allowed sit at tables, the EU Digital COVID Certificate (DCC) would be the primary evidence for proof of immunity, all customers would have to show photo ID, with an online QR code scanner developed to verify people's DCCs.[114][115]
On 6 August, following a meeting of the Cabinet COVID-19 sub-committee, it was announced that the Government would publish a roadmap by the end of August for the easing or ending of remaining COVID-19 restrictions.[116][117] On 31 August, the Government announced a further reopening plan for the country, with all remaining COVID-19 restrictions to be eased by 22 October, including the two-metre social distancing rule depending on the requirement of individual sectors, while masks would still be required in the health and retail sectors and on public transport.[118][119]
Other government events[]
On 9 March, a Cabinet Sub-Committee on COVID-19 was established.[120][121] It published a National Action Plan on 16 March.[122]
On 19 March, Dáil Éireann reconvened under social distancing measures to pass emergency legislation. At the written request of Ceann Comhairle Seán Ó Fearghaíl, the sitting was limited to 48 TDs (11 each representing Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and Sinn Féin, four Greens, three members of the Regional Group and two members of all other parties and groups). The legislation—Health (Preservation and Protection and other Emergency Measures in the Public Interest) Bill 2020—passed all stages, and, following requests by opposition TDs, included a sunset provision for review in November.[123] During the sitting, Eamon Ryan called on the Irish to grow lettuce on their window sills: "Let's get every south facing window sill in this country and lets plant our seeds in the next week so that if there is any supply crisis in food in two or three months time when this really hits hard, we'll have our salads ready to go".[124]
On 20 March, Seanad Éireann—also sitting in reduced numbers—passed the legislation after a three-hour debate.[125] President Higgins wrote the legislation into law later that day, giving the state the power to detain people, restrict travel and keep people in their homes to restrict the pandemic.[126]
At its next sitting—on 26 March—the Dáil passed further emergency legislation—Emergency Measures in the Public Interest (COVID-19) Bill 2020—introduced due to the virus, again with deliberately limited numbers attending, and without a vote.[127] President of Sinn Féin Mary Lou McDonald was absent after announcing on Twitter that she had awoken with a "head cold" and that Pearse Doherty would lead the party instead.[128][129] The election for Leas-Cheann Comhairle (deputy "chair" or "speaker" of Dáil Éireann) was scheduled for early that morning, but was deferred. Taoiseach Varadkar asked Denis Naughten to temporarily fill the role to avert a possible constitutional crisis, with the previous occupant Pat "the Cope" Gallagher having lost his seat in the February general election and the need for a Leas-Cheann Comhairle being regarded as critical should Ceann Comhairle Seán Ó Fearghaíl become incapacitated.[130][131] Naughten, a former Fine Gael politician who left the party to sit as an independent, had run against Ó Fearghaíl during the earlier election to fill the main office. After passing through the Dáil, the bill passed without a vote the following day (27 March) through all stages in the Seanad (in its final sitting before counting got underway in the Seanad election which had to follow the February general election), and President Higgins signed the bill into law the same day.[132][133] There followed a paralysis of the national legislature on the basis that the Taoiseach had to nominate the final eleven members of the Seanad, Varadkar (as outgoing Taoiseach) did not have the support of the Dáil (and was therefore prevented by the Constitution from filling the vacancies) and no other nomination for Taoiseach could be agreed upon by all parties in the Dáil.[134][135]
The Dáil met again—one week after its previous sitting—on 2 April again with deliberately limited numbers, this time augmented by a Labour Party boycott—while Mary Lou McDonald's absence continued (announced the previous day) due to her being "under the weather".[136][137]
The Dáil's next meeting occurred from 12 midday to 7:30 pm on 23 April (following the Easter break), at which a limited number of its members discussed the impact of the virus.[138]
With a new government formed on 27 June, the Dáil moved from its traditional home at Leinster House to the Convention Centre to facilitate social distancing. Thus it was that, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin rotated into position as Taoiseach on a contract of two and a bit years.[139] Ceann Comhairle Seán Ó Fearghaíl confirmed as early as March that arrangements were being made for the move from Leinster House for the occasion, with Dublin Castle also having been suggested as a possible venue.[140][141] The Convention Centre was announced in early April as having been selected.[142] The Dáil sat in the Convention Centre from June until it was announced on 11 September that it would return to Leinster House for socially-distanced debates on Tuesdays and Thursdays while continuing at the Convention Centre on Wednesdays with full attendance where required for voting purposes.[143]
August brought the Oireachtas Golf Society scandal. On 21 August, Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Dara Calleary and Seanad Leas-Chathaoirleach Jerry Buttimer resigned after they attended the event, in contravention of regulations under the Health Act.[144][145] Phil Hogan, the European Commissioner for Trade, soon followed, having also travelled through Kildare while the county was in lockdown and when he was supposed to be self-isolating after arriving in Ireland from Brussels.[146][147] Meanwhile, amid the golf reports, the new Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly equated COVID-19 to jumping on a trampoline, only to formally retract it afterwards while speaking before an Oireachtas committee.[148]
On 24 February, Tánaiste Leo Varadkar addressed a meeting of Fine Gael TDs, Senators and MEPs and stated that criticism of how the Government had been communicating was reasonable, had been heard loud and clear, and would be taken onboard, after a number of Fine Gael politicians launched an attack on Taoiseach Micheál Martin over his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.[149][150][151] Former Fine Gael minister John Paul Phelan started the backlash during the meeting and stated that the Taoiseach's performance had been "appalling" and said the party's membership were "livid".[152] Fine Gael Leader of Seanad Éireann Regina Doherty stated that Fianna Fáil had "destroyed" the good work her party did during the first wave of COVID-19.[153] Former Tánaiste and Minister for Justice and current MEP Frances Fitzgerald criticised Martin for saying "nothing new" in his address to the nation on 23 February[154] and former Minister for Rural and Community Development Michael Ring stated the Government's performance over the last two weeks had been a "disgrace" and also stated that they had lost the trust of the people.[155] On 25 February, the Leader of the Green Party and Minister for the Environment, Climate, Communications and Transport Eamon Ryan defended accusations of "unholy mess" in the Government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic,[156] and by 26 February, Taoiseach Micheál Martin faced growing anger within his own party over his handling of the pandemic. Kildare North TD James Lawless stated that the extension of the Level 5 lockdown was "largely predictable" and called on the Government to give people hope, while a number of TDs and senators privately stated that they were disillusioned with the party and insisted change was needed sooner rather than later.[157]
Many politicians have had to adapt their political campaigning to the restrictions imposed by Level 5 restrictions. Ministers such as Roderic O'Gorman, conducted meetings of the public online, facilitated by Zoom software, instead of face-to-face.[158]
August 2021 brought the Merrion Hotel controversy. On 4 August, political pressure was mounting on former Minister for Children Katherine Zappone, who was controversially appointed UN special envoy on freedom of expression, after she organised an outdoor 50-person event at the Merrion Hotel on 21 July and stated that she was "assured" by the hotel that the event was "in compliance with Government COVID-19 restrictions and guidelines". Zappone ultimately declined her UN role after the appointment process was strongly criticised.[159][160] The controversy took another twist as the Government Press Office released a statement saying that advice from the Attorney General Paul Gallagher was that organised events and gatherings could take place for up to 200 people "including social, recreational, exercise, cultural, entertainment or community events".[161] Comparisons were made between the gathering and the Golfgate scandal from earlier in the pandemic.[162]
On 5 August, a video emerged online appearing to show multiple breaches of COVID-19 regulations at the pub owned by Independent TD Danny Healy-Rae in Kilgarvan, County Kerry, with young people gathering in the pub wearing no masks, with no social distancing and with access to the bar.[163][164] The next day, on 6 August, Gardaí began preliminary inquiries into the indoor gathering at the pub.[165]
On the night of 4 September, Tánaiste Leo Varadkar faced criticism after a photograph emerged on social media showing him at the Mighty Hoopla music festival in London on the same weekend Electric Picnic was cancelled in Ireland due to the Government's COVID-19 restrictions.[166]
Instances of isolation and testing[]
On 16 March, Thomas Pringle, an independent TD representing the Donegal constituency, entered isolation due to previous contact with someone in Dublin and the high risk to his own personal health.[167][168]
On 18 March, Luke 'Ming' Flanagan, the independent MEP representing the Midlands–North-West constituency, announced that he and his family would begin self-isolating after his daughter exhibited symptoms of COVID-19.[169]
On 19 March, it was reported that Minister for Housing, Planning and Local Government Eoghan Murphy had been in self-isolation for the past week after returning from a visit abroad to see family. Murphy had set off before travel advice against doing so was issued and—while he had "not been in direct physical contact with any colleagues"—he, nevertheless, was well enough to continue his work remotely.[170]
On 23 March, Tánaiste Simon Coveney revealed he had tested negative for COVID-19. He underwent the test after being contact traced via the positive result of Claire Byrne, whom he had sat beside on live television less than two weeks previously.[171] It was believed that Coveney was the first member of the Varadkar cabinet to be tested for the virus.[172]
On 14 April (the day after the Easter Monday public holiday), President of Sinn Féin Mary Lou McDonald confirmed she had tested positive for COVID-19.[173]
On 23 April, President of Sinn Féin Mary Lou McDonald announced that she had recovered from COVID-19. She gave an interview to Ryan Tubridy on The Late Late Show the following night, in which one COVID-19 positive person interviewed another COVID-19 positive person for television viewers nationwide.[174][175]
On 3 June, it was revealed that Minister for Health Simon Harris had self-isolated for several days after developing symptoms of the virus; a test returned a negative result.[176]
On 15 September, Ceann Comhairle Seán Ó Fearghaíl announced that the entire government would have to restrict their movements after Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly reported feeling unwell and contacted his GP for a COVID-19 test.[177][178][179] The Department of Health confirmed that Acting Chief Medical Officer Ronan Glynn was also restricting his movements as he had met members of the government on 14 September,[180][181][182] while Minister of State for European Affairs Thomas Byrne had gone into self-isolation after getting tested for COVID-19.[183][184] The Leader of the Green Party and Minister for Climate Action, Communication Networks and Transport Eamon Ryan previously self-isolated while a member of his household awaited results of a COVID-19 test.[185] Just after 9pm, it was announced that Minister for Health Stephen Donnelly tested negative for COVID-19 and that the government no longer needed to restrict their movements.[186][187]
On 23 September, Tánaiste Leo Varadkar, Minister for Foreign Affairs Simon Coveney and Minister for Finance Paschal Donohoe were among the three Cabinet ministers who began to restrict their movements under COVID-19 public health advice.[188] Varadkar was informed that he was a close contact of someone who tested positive for COVID-19, and subsequently took a test which returned negative.[189][190] Coveney restricted his movements after attending meetings in Brussels, while Donohoe restricted his movements after attending a meeting of EU finance ministers in Berlin and subsequently took a test which returned negative.[191][192] Donohoe was deemed a close contact of Bruno Le Maire, the French Finance Minister, who tested positive for COVID-19 on 18 September.[193]
On 24 October, four Fine Gael senators (Tim Lombard, Jerry Buttimer, Emer Currie, Garret Ahearn) were reported to have begun self-isolating after two tested positive for COVID-19.[194][195] Currie later confirmed she was one of the two, and that her positive result had caused the other three to isolate.[196]
On 17 December, Taoiseach Micheál Martin tested negative for COVID-19 following an announcement that he was restricting his movements after coming into close contact with French President Emmanuel Macron, who had tested positive for COVID-19.[197]
On 23 December, all ministers in the Government restricted their movements after it emerged that Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Charlie McConalogue had tested positive for COVID-19. McConalogue was tested after returning from Brussels on 17 December. The result was negative. He then went shopping in Dublin city centre hours ahead of a scheduled five-day follow-up COVID-19 test which led to the positive result McConalogue received "sometime between 10.30am and 11am" on 23 December. He displayed no symptoms and isolated in his native County Donegal.[198][199]
Shortly after 11 am on the morning of 6 January 2021, Minister for Justice Helen McEntee announced on Twitter that she had tested positive for COVID-19 but intended to work remotely while isolating.[200]
References[]
- ^ Leahy, Pat; Kelly, Fiach (11 March 2020). "FG and FF to start government formation talks propelled by Covid-19". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
- ^ Cunningham, Paul (11 March 2020). "Significant progress towards new government - now what?". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
Leo Varadkar wrote to them last night stating: '... the public health emergency posed by Covid-19 marks a dramatic change in context.' So no more talk of 'leading his party' into Opposition. It's game on.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (21 February 2020). "Taoiseach to continue in caretaker capacity amid Dáil deadlock". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
- ^ "Mary Lou McDonald cancels meetings as children attend coronavirus-hit Dublin school". Newstalk. 2 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
- ^ "Statement by An Taoiseach Leo Varadkar On measures to tackle Covid-19 Washington, 12 March 2020". MerrionStreet.ie. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Finn, Christina (9 March 2020). "Taoiseach cuts St Patrick's Day trip short to deal with evolving coronavirus situation and will not travel to New York". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ O'Connell, Hugh (11 March 2020). "Short US trip for Varadkar as Washington mayor declares state of emergency over coronavirus spread". Irish Independent. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ "Address by An Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar 17th March". MerrionStreet.ie. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ^ Finn, Melanie (19 March 2020). "Leo's speech sets new TV record as 1.6 million tune in". Irish Independent. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ O'Connell, Hugh (19 March 2020). "Behind the lines: The who, how and why that created Leo Varadkar's historic speech". Irish Independent. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ Davies, Rob (21 March 2020). "Easyjet sorry as staff motivation video copies Leo Varadkar". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
- ^ "Taoiseach Announces New Measures To Tackle Coronavirus". 98FM. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020. Kinsella, Rudi. "Here is the Government's list of essential retail outlets". JOE.ie.
- ^ Grennan, Dan (24 March 2020). "UPDATE: Taoiseach announces social gatherings to be restricted to four people maximum". Extra.ie. Retrieved 24 March 2020. "Ireland extends, implements new COVID-19 shutdown measures through April 19". IrishCentral. 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ Doyle, Maggie (24 March 2020). "Govt announces 'unprecedented' actions over Covid-19". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ Nick, Callan (27 March 2020). "Speech of Taoiseach Leo Varadkar 27 March 2020". merrionstreet.ie. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ "'Stay at home': Further Covid-19 restrictions announced". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 27 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ O'Connell, Hugh (10 April 2020). "Coronavirus Ireland: Government says 2km rule does not apply to domestic abuse victims". Irish Independent. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ Costello, Emma (29 March 2020). "Driving and NCT tests suspended until further notice". Extra.ie. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ "Phased reopening for NCT centres but driving tests remain on hold". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Ní Aodha, Gráinne (6 June 2020). "From Monday, 15 NCT service centres, and 20 NDLS centres will reopen". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Daly, Adam (10 April 2020). "Coronavirus restrictions to remain in place until at least Tuesday 5 May, Taoiseach announces". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ Kenny, Aisling (1 May 2020). "Taoiseach addresses nation on road map to ease restrictions". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "Roadmap for Reopening Society & Business" (PDF). www.static.rasset.ie. Government of Ireland. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ Farrell, Peter (1 May 2020). "At a glance: What restrictions are going to be lifted and when?". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "At a glance – what's new from 8 June and beyond on roadmap". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 5 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "People shouldn't go on holiday yet, Leo Varadkar says". The Irish News. 12 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "Covid-19: Taoiseach reveals acceleration of roadmap in Phase 3". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "Sports, weddings and haircuts: Here's what will now be allowed on 29 June". TheJournal.ie. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ McCrave, Conor (7 August 2020). "New Covid-19 restrictions for Kildare, Laois and Offaly to kick in from midnight". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ^ Kenny, Aisling (7 August 2020). "Taoiseach makes address as local restrictions announced". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ^ Bray, Jennifer; McCárthaigh, Sean; Clarke, Vivienne; Hutton, Brian (7 August 2020). "Midlands lockdown: Cafes, restaurants, pubs to close for two weeks, travel limited and all sporting events cancelled". The Irish Times. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ^ Regan, Mary; Kenny, Aisling (18 August 2020). "New Covid-19 restrictions agreed by Cabinet". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ Kenny, Aisling; Regan, Mary (18 August 2020). "At a glance: New Covid-19 restrictions". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ Duffy, Rónán (18 August 2020). "Government advises over 70s to limit interactions, tells people to restrict numbers at home gatherings". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
- ^ "Covid-19: Restrictions extended as long-term roadmap drafted". Irish Examiner. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ^ Finn, Christina (12 September 2020). "Micheál Martin announces the new 'Living with Covid' roadmap on Tuesday – here's what to expect". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
- ^ Duffy, Rónán (15 September 2020). "Taoiseach announces entire country is now on 'Level 2' of new Covid plan – here's what that means". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 15 September 2020. Murray, Sean (15 September 2020). "We're at Level Two of the new Covid plan. Here's why we want to get to One (and avoid Five at all costs)". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 15 September 2020. "Resilience and Recovery 2020-2021: Plan for Living with COVID-19". gov.ie. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "What's in the Government's medium-term plan for living with Covid?". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020. Connor, Dyane (15 September 2020). "Explainer: What does Level 2 mean?". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 15 September 2020. "Level 2". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ Murray, Sean; McGrath, Dominic (18 September 2020). "Taoiseach confirms Dublin to enter Level 3, including ban on indoor dining for three weeks". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ "Taoiseach makes statement on new restrictions for capital". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ McGee, Harry; Leahy, Pat; Clarke, Vivienne (18 September 2020). "Coronavirus: From midnight tonight Dublin will move to Level Three until October 10th – Taoiseach". The Irish Times. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ "Level 3 virus restrictions announced for Donegal". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020. Bray, Jennifer; Leahy, Pat; McGee, Harry (24 September 2020). "Donegal to move to Level 3 Covid-19 restrictions from midnight". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ "Donegal placed on Level 3 under Ireland's Plan for Living with COVID-19". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ "Donegal is at Level 3". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach
Department of Health. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020. - ^ Lehane, Mícheál (4 October 2020). "NPHET recommends Level 5 restrictions for entire country". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ Horgan-Jones, Jack; Cullen, Paul (4 October 2020). "Covid-19: NPHET recommends State moves to Level 5 restrictions for four weeks". The Irish Times. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ Molony, Senan (4 October 2020). "Nphet has recommended the highest level of restrictions for the entire country". Irish Independent. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ Cunningham, Paul; Bowers, Fergal (5 October 2020). "Covid-19: Govt approves Level 3 restrictions nationwide". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 5 October 2020. Dwyer, Orla; Finn, Christina (5 October 2020). "Cabinet agrees to move entire country under Level 3 restrictions". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ McGee, Harry; Horgan-Jones, Jack; Leahy, Pat; Power, Jack (5 October 2020). "Coronavirus: All counties to move to Level 3 restrictions". The Irish Times. Retrieved 5 October 2020. Finn, Christina (5 October 2020). "Indoor service banned at restaurants, bars and 'wet pubs' under Level 3 restrictions". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ "All remaining counties to join Donegal and Dublin on Level 3 under Ireland's Plan for Living with COVID-19". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. 5 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ O'Brien, Fergal (5 October 2020). "Tánaiste says NPHET recommendation 'not thought through'". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ Dwyer, Orla (5 October 2020). "NPHET recommendation to enter Level 5 'came out of the blue', Tánaiste says". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ Michael, Neil; McConnell, Daniel (5 October 2020). "Covid-19: Leo Varadkar blasts Nphet's Level 5 advice". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (14 October 2020). "Cabinet agrees ban on all household visits nationwide". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ Finn, Christina (14 October 2020). "New restrictions: No visits to households allowed from tomorrow night, except for essential reasons". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ "Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan placed on Level 4 under Ireland's Plan for Living with Covid-19". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. 14 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ Ryan, 1Philip; Moloney, Eoghan (14 October 2020). "Cabinet signs off on Level four restrictions for Cavan, Monaghan and Donegal and agrees nationwide ban on household visits from Thursday night". Irish Independent. Retrieved 14 October 2020. McDermott, Stephen; Ní Aodha, Gráinne (14 October 2020). "Donegal, Cavan and Monaghan to move to Level 4 restrictions as cases surge". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ Patrick Kierans, John; Blaney, Ferghal; Phelan, Ciara; Mangan, Ian (14 October 2020). "New restrictions for entire country as Level Four lockdown confirmed for Donegal, Monaghan and Cavan, Taoiseach confirms". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ Regan, Mary (16 October 2020). "NPHET recommends move to Level 5 for six weeks". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ Murray, Sean; Duffy, Rónán; Thomas, Cónal; Finn, Christina (16 October 2020). "NPHET has recommended moving the entire country to Level 5 for six weeks". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ Bray, Jennifer; Horgan-Jones, Jack; McGee, Harry (16 October 2020). "Nphet says Ireland needs to move to Level 5 as coronavirus spreads out of control". The Irish Times. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ Cunningham, Paul (17 October 2020). "Government considering NPHET Level 5 recommendation". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Horgan-Jones, Jack (17 October 2020). "Crucial meeting between senior health officials and ministers on Covid-19 restrictions held". The Irish Times. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ O'Connell, Hugh (17 October 2020). "Tony Holohan meets Government leaders amid recommendation for move to Level 5". Irish Independent. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (19 October 2020). "Cabinet agrees to impose Level 5 restrictions for six weeks from Wednesday". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 19 October 2020. Ryan, Philip (19 October 2020). "Cabinet accepts Level 5 lockdown for six weeks". Irish Independent. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ McDermott, Stephen; Finn, Christina; Murray, Sean (19 October 2020). "Cabinet agrees to impose nationwide Level 5 restrictions for six weeks". TheJournal.ie, Press Association. Retrieved 19 October 2020. Hosford, Paul; Moore, Aoife (19 October 2020). "Government follows Nphet advice with level 5 move for six weeks". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ Leahy, Pat; Horgan-Jones, Jack; Bray, Jennifer; Bowers, Shauna (19 October 2020). "Covid-19: State moves to Level 5 for six weeks with hopes of 'meaningful' Christmas celebrations". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
- ^ "Government criticised on lack of clarity over Christmas Covid restrictions". TheJournal.ie
Press Association. 8 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020. - ^ Hosford, Paul (24 November 2020). "January could see 'short' return to Level 3 restrictions: Tánaiste". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ O'Halloran, Marie (24 November 2020). "Tánaiste says third short period of Covid-19 restrictions may be needed in New Year". The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ Patrick Kierans, John; Mangan, Ian (24 November 2020). "Period of strict measures could be needed after Christmas, Leo Varadkar warns". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (27 November 2020). "Country moves to Level 3 'with modifications' on Tuesday". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
- ^ McConnell, Daniel; Hosford, Paul; Loughlin, Elaine (27 November 2020). "Covid-19: Taoiseach announces whole country to move to Level 3". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
- ^ Patrick Kierans, John (27 November 2020). "Micheal Martin finally confirms plan for ending lockdown on Tuesday - Restaurants, some pubs, retail and gyms return next week". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
- ^ McGlynn, Michelle (21 December 2020). "'Third wave clearly underway': No deaths and 727 new Covid-19 cases in Ireland". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ Quann, Jack (21 December 2020). "Ireland 'clearly now in third wave' of coronavirus pandemic". Newstalk. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ McQuinn, Cormac; O'Loughlin, Ciara (21 December 2020). "'We're clearly now in a third wave' – warning comes to protect loved ones as 727 Covid-19 cases confirmed today". Irish Independent. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ Leahy, Pat; Clarke, Vivienne (22 December 2020). "Covid-19: Taoiseach confirms return to tighter restrictions as case numbers rise". The Irish Times. Retrieved 22 December 2020. Patrick Kierans, John; Phelan, Ciara (22 December 2020). "Ireland lockdown: Full details as Taoiseach Micheal Martin announces new restrictions". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ Ryan, Philip (22 December 2020). "Covid restrictions: Cabinet agree to shut restaurants and hair salons on Christmas Eve". Irish Independent. Retrieved 22 December 2020. Finn, Christina; Hennessy, Michelle (22 December 2020). "Restaurants and pubs to close on Christmas Eve and household visit ban from Jan 1st, Taoiseach confirms". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ Moore, Aoife; Murphy, Greg (22 December 2020). "Taoiseach confirms household restrictions from December 27 and full ban on January 1". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 22 December 2020. Moloney, Eoghan; McQuinn, Cormac; Armstrong, Kathy (22 December 2020). "Ireland to return to Level 5 restrictions from Christmas Eve amid projections of up to 2,000 cases per day by New Year's Eve". Irish Independent. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
- ^ Bray, Jennifer; Burns, Sarah; Power, Jack; Hilliard, Mark (30 December 2020). "Level 5 restrictions to remain in place until January 31st, Taoiseach announces". The Irish Times. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ^ Ryan, Philip; Sheahan, Fionnán; Lynott, Laura (30 December 2020). "Covid restrictions Ireland: Micheál Martin confirms 'full-scale' Level 5 lockdown". Irish Independent. Retrieved 31 December 2020. Heaney, Steven; Hosford, Paul; Casey, Jess (30 December 2020). "Taoiseach confirms country will return to level 5 Covid-19 restrictions". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ^ Regan, Mary (30 December 2020). "Country to move to full Level 5 restrictions for 'at least' one month". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 31 December 2020. MacNamee, Garreth; McDermott, Stephen (30 December 2020). "'The situation is extremely serious': Return to full Level 5 restrictions until 31 January". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ^ "Schools close, three-day week for Leaving Cert students". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Finn, Christina (6 January 2021). "Schools to stay closed until February, but Leaving Cert students allowed to attend class three days per week". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Non-essential construction to cease at 6pm on Friday". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ McDermott, Stephen; Finn, Christina; MacNamee, Garreth (6 January 2021). "All non-essential construction sites to close by 6pm on Friday". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Passengers from Britain, South Africa will need negative PCR test". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Additional public health restrictions - people urged to stay at home". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Ryan, Philip; Moloney, Eoghan (6 January 2021). "Covid-19 restrictions: Cabinet agree new lockdown measures to keep schools closed and halt construction until January 31". Irish Independent. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Duffy, Rónán (6 January 2021). "Level 5: Details of new restrictions confirmed for schools, creches, construction, travel and retail". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Fletcher, Laura; Cunningham, Paul; Murphy, David (6 January 2021). "Cabinet agrees range of tighter public health measures". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Loughlin, Elaine; Heaney, Steven (6 January 2021). "Cabinet signs off on range of stricter Covid-19 restrictions". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Horgan-Jones, Jack; O'Brien, Carl (6 January 2021). "Covid-19: Cabinet agrees to keep schools closed for January in 'most challenging phase of all'". The Irish Times. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Minister Foley confirms that schools will remain closed to students". gov.ie. Department of Education. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021. O'Brien, Carl; Bray, Jennifer; Bowers, Shauna; McGee, Harry (7 January 2021). "Government to scrap plan on partial reopening of schools". The Irish Times. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ "19 January, 2021 - Statement from the Department of Education". education.ie. Department of Education. 19 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021. O'Brien, Carl; Leahy, Pat (19 January 2021). "Government abandons plans to reopen special schools this week". The Irish Times. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ O'Kelly, Emma (19 January 2021). "Govt abandons return of special education after unions reject plan". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 22 January 2021. Murray, Sean (19 January 2021). "Government drops plans to re-open schools for special education this Thursday". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ Regan, Mary (22 January 2021). "Level 5 restrictions to remain, no plan to seal border - Taoiseach". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ Blaney, Ferghal (22 January 2021). "Ireland to remain in lockdown until at least March, Micheal Martin confirms". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ "Lockdown will continue into February, Taoiseach confirms". BreakingNews.ie, Press Association. 22 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ Horgan-Jones, Jack; Bray, Jennifer (26 January 2021). "Level 5 extended until March 5th while officials consider ban on all non-essential travel into State". The Irish Times. Retrieved 26 January 2021. Hosford, Paul; McConnell, Daniel; Heaney, Steven (26 January 2021). "Ireland to remain in Level 5 lockdown until at least March 5 - Taoiseach". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (26 January 2021). "Govt agrees to extend Covid-19 restrictions to 5 March". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 26 January 2021. McDermott, Stephen; Finn, Christina; Dwyer, Orla (26 January 2021). "Travellers into Ireland to be subject to mandatory quarantine at home or in a hotel, government says". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ Gataveckaite, Gabija (26 January 2021). "Level 5 announcement: Restrictions extended until March 5 and schools to reopen on phased basis". Irish Independent. Retrieved 26 January 2021. Blaney, Ferghal (26 January 2021). "Level Five lockdown extension confirmed with tougher Garda enforcement and bigger fines". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ "Current public health restrictions to continue until 5th April". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021. Bray, Jennifer; Horgan-Jones, Jack; Leahy, Pat; McGee, Harry (23 February 2021). "Taoiseach says 'the end is truly in sight' as Level 5 extended until April 5th". The Irish Times. Retrieved 23 February 2021. Ryan, Philip; Gataveckaite, Gabija (23 February 2021). "'When we open things, we want them to stay open,' Taoiseach says as he outlines slow plan for reopening of schools". Irish Independent. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál; Cunningham, Paul (23 February 2021). "'End is truly in sight' - Taoiseach urges public to stick with Level 5 measures". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 23 February 2021. Halpin, Hayley; Finn, Christina (23 February 2021). "Here's what's in the new 'Living with Covid' roadmap". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 23 February 2021. McConnell, Daniel; Casey, Jess (23 February 2021). "'The end is now truly in sight': Taoiseach confirms Level 5 lockdown until April 5". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ Patrick Kierans, John; Blaney, Ferghal; Phelan, Ciara (23 February 2021). "Taoiseach Micheal Martin confirms at least six more weeks of lockdown as Living with Covid plan released". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 23 February 2021. O'Brien, Carl (23 February 2021). "Schools will reopen on Monday for Leaving Certs and junior infants to second class, Minister confirms". The Irish Times. Retrieved 23 February 2021. "Taoiseach addresses nation as lockdown is extended until April 5th". BreakingNews.ie. 23 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "Government announces phased easing of public health restrictions". merrionstreet.ie. Merrion Street. 30 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
- ^ Bray, Jennifer; Horgan-Jones, Jack; McGee, Harry; O'Halloran, Marie; Carswell, Simon; Clarke, Vivienne (30 March 2021). "'We are on the final stretch of this terrible journey' insists Taoiseach as he announces phased changes to Covid-19 restrictions". The Irish Times. Retrieved 30 March 2021. Moloney, Eoghan (30 March 2021). "'We are on the final stretch' – Taoiseach announces lockdown exit path with travel within county allowed from April 12". Irish Independent. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
- ^ "Travel within county permitted from 12 April". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 30 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021. Duffy, Rónán (30 March 2021). "Taoiseach: People can travel within their county or 20km from home from 12 April". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
- ^ "New public health measures announced: The Path Ahead". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021. Bray, Jennifer; Horgan-Jones, Jack; McQuinn, Cormac (29 April 2021). "Taoiseach says 'hope is returning' as he outlines plan to significantly ease Covid-19 restrictions from May 10th". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 April 2021. Ryan, Philip (29 April 2021). "Lockdown restrictions lifting: Inter-county travel from May 10 as Cabinet agrees major reopening plan". Irish Independent. Retrieved 29 April 2021. Lehane, Mícheál; Cunningham, Paul (29 April 2021). "Inter-county travel from 10 May as reopening plan agreed". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ Moloney, Eoghan; O'Loughlin, Ciara (28 May 2021). "Reopening Ireland: Taoiseach says 'end within grasp' as he announces easing of restrictions". Irish Independent. Retrieved 28 May 2021. "'The end of this is within our grasp' - Taoiseach". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 28 May 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021. Duffy, Rónán (28 May 2021). "'The end of this is within our grasp': Taoiseach confirms Covid-19 summer reopening plans". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 28 May 2021. McConnell, Daniel; Loughlin, Elaine (28 May 2021). "Taoiseach announces easing of restrictions on travel, sport, pubs, restaurants and more". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ "Public health measures that will come into place from 5 July". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach, Department of Health. 29 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021. McQuinn, Cormac; McGee, Harry; Clarke, Vivienne (29 June 2021). "Reopening Ireland: Indoor dining postponed as plans for proving vaccination drawn up". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 June 2021. "'Race between variant and vaccine' - Taoiseach announces delay for indoor dining". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 29 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021. Duffy, Rónán; Boland, Lauren; Barry, Aoife; Burke, Céimin (29 June 2021). "Taoiseach: 'Safest way' to return to indoor hospitality is to limit access to those vaccinated or recovered from Covid". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
- ^ Hurley, Sandra; Regan, Mary; Meskill, Tommy; Cunningham, Paul (5 July 2021). "Indoor dining could resume under self-regulated system, hospitality sector told". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ McQuinn, Cormac; Horgan-Jones, Jack; Clarke, Vivienne (12 July 2021). "People caught using fake passes to access indoor hospitality face fine of up to €2,000". The Irish Times. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ Regan, Mary (21 July 2021). "Indoor dining to resume for fully vaccinated and those recovered from Covid-19". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- ^ Moore, Jane; Finn, Christina; Duffy, Rónán; Burke, Céimin (21 July 2021). "Taoiseach confirms indoor hospitality will return next Monday". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
- ^ Regan, Mary (23 July 2021). "Draft guidelines for indoor hospitality published". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Cabinet Committee reviews progress on pandemic response". gov.ie. Department of the Taoiseach. 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ "Road map to end or ease restrictions to be published by Government". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (31 August 2021). "Cabinet agrees to end almost all restrictions by 22 October". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- ^ Ryan, Philip (31 August 2021). "Formal social distancing rules gone by Oct 22 – and everything else we know about new Covid-19 plan so far". Irish Independent. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- ^ Hurley, Sandra (2 April 2020). "No decision on restrictions until next week – Varadkar". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 2 April 2020. "Covid-19: Cabinet sub-committee meets to discuss lockdown restrictions". BreakingNews.ie. 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ McGrath, Graham (2 April 2020). "COVID-19 cabinet sub-committee to meet today and examine effects of lockdown procedures". Extra.ie. Retrieved 2 April 2020. Noble, Ciara (9 March 2020). "Listen: New Cabinet Committee To Meet Today, To Discuss Outbreak Of Covid-19". Kfm. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
- ^ "Government Publishes National Action Plan on COVID-19". Department of Health. 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- ^ Ryan, Órla (19 March 2020). "Emergency Covid-19 legislation passes all stages in the Dáil". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ Byrne, Andrew; Corcoran, Mark (20 March 2020). "Green Party leader Eamon Ryan calls on Irish to grow food on windowsills in fight against coronavirus". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Moore, Aoife (20 March 2020). "Seanad pass 'draconian' emergency Covid-19 legislation despite 'serious concerns'". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Kenny, Aisling (20 March 2020). "President Higgins signs emergency measures into law". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (26 March 2020). "Dáil passes emergency Covid-19 legislation". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ Mary Lou McDonald [@MaryLouMcDonald] (26 March 2020). "Woke up this morning with a head cold. Talking to my GP later. For now lying low, staying home. Over to @PearseDoherty to lead the charge at todays Dail sitting. Stay safe everyone" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Morahan, George (26 March 2020). "'Talking to my GP later' – Mary Lou McDonald to miss Dail sitting due to illness". Extra.ie. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ Moore, Aoife (26 March 2020). "Leas Cheann Comhairle election deferred until next week". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ Moore, Aoife (25 March 2020). "Varadkar asks Naughten to fill role of Leas-Cheann Comhairle as temporary measure". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ Kenny, Aisling (27 March 2020). "Emergency Covid-19 bill passes all stages in Seanad". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ Walshe, Patrick (30 March 2020). "Emergency Measures in the Public Interest (COVID-19) Act 2020: A Briefing Note". www.philiplee.ie. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ Finn, Christina (30 March 2020). "Counting in Seanad election to begin today – but access to count venue will be restricted". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ Finn, Christina (25 March 2020). "Seanad and Leas Ceann Comhairle election cause headache for government". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ Buckley, Kim (2 April 2020). "Mary Lou McDonald Unable To Attend Dail Sitting Due To Illness". Today FM. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ Mary Lou McDonald [@MaryLouMcDonald] (1 April 2020). "Still under the weather so I'm staying home and taking all necessary precautions. Won't be at Dail sitting tomorrow but it's in the capable hands of team Sinn Féin" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Finn, Christina (23 April 2020). "Dáil to sit today to discuss Covid-19 impacts on Ireland's economy". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ Ryan, Philip; O'Connell, Hugh; McQuinn, Cormac (27 June 2020). "Micheál Martin elected Taoiseach after parties vote Yes for historic coalition". Irish Independent. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ O'Connell, Hugh (31 March 2020). "Coronavirus: Plans for Dáil sitting in Dublin Castle or Convention Centre to elect new Taoiseach in coming weeks". Irish Independent. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Finn, Christina (31 March 2020). "Plans underway for Dáil to sit in Convention Centre or Dublin Castle for Taoiseach election vote". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Finn, Christina (6 April 2020). "Dáil to sit in Convention Centre for Taoiseach election vote". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Hurley, Sandra (11 September 2020). "Dáil will sit at Leinster House for two days a week". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Regan, Mary (21 August 2020). "Calleary, Buttimer resign over attending Clifden event". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Murray, Sean; Ryan, Órla; Dwyer, Orla (21 August 2020). "Government plunged into turmoil as Calleary resigns in wake of golf dinner controversy". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Connelly, Tony (26 August 2020). "Phil Hogan resigning from role as EU Commissioner". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Ní Aodha, Gráinne; Byrne, Laura; Murray, Sean (26 August 2020). "Phil Hogan is to resign from his role as EU Trade Commissioner". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Molony, Senan; O'Regan, Eilish (26 August 2020). "Health Minister Stephen Donnelly withdraws Covid-19 risk comparison to trampolining". Irish Independent. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ Ryan, Philip (24 February 2021). "Senior Fine Gael figures launch scathing attack on Taoiseach's 'appalling' handling of pandemic". Irish Independent. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Cunningham, Paul (24 February 2021). "Criticism of communications taken on board - Tánaiste". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 25 February 2021. Finn, Christina (24 February 2021). "Micheál and Leo face party anger over mixed-messaging, members tell leaders people are losing hope". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Phelan, Ciara (24 February 2021). "Leo Varadkar under fire as Fine Gael colleagues warn public is losing confidence". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 25 February 2021. Defoe, Sean; Murphy, Eoghan; McNeice, Stephen (24 February 2021). "Criticism of Government communications is reasonable, Varadkar tells FG". Newstalk. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Ryan, Philip; Gatavecakaite, Gabija (25 February 2021). "Fine Gael figures launch scathing attack on Micheál Martin over Covid plan". Irish Independent. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Grennan, Dan (24 February 2021). "'The public's losing confidence!' — Huge amount of fury at Fine Gael meeting over COVID communications". Extra.ie. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Hosford, Paul (24 February 2021). "Tánaiste told people are 'sick and tired' of the Government". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Mayo deputy expresses anger over government's "mixed messaging on Lockdown" at FG Parliamentary Party Meeting". MidWest Radio. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Molony, Senan (25 February 2021). "Eamon Ryan defends accusations of 'unholy mess' in Government's fight against Covid". Irish Independent. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ Ryan, Philip; Molony, Senan (26 February 2021). "Fianna Fáil turns on Micheál Martin over handling of pandemic as support for party plummets". Irish Independent. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Public Meeting on Phoenix Park Transport and Mobility Consultation". 24 February 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
I will be hosting a public meeting for constituents on the 2nd of March 2021. The meeting is in relation to the consultation currently taking place on the Phoenix Park Transport and Mobility Options Report which was published earlier this year. The meeting will take place via zoom and will start at 7pm
- ^ Ryan, Philip (4 August 2021). "Katherine Zappone 'assured by hotel' that party with 50 friends, including Tánaiste, was in line with Covid-19 restrictions". Irish Independent. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- ^ Meskill, Tommy (4 August 2021). "Zappone to decline UN role after process criticised". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- ^ Ryan, Philip (4 August 2021). "Attorney General says parties of up to 200 allowed outdoors as Leo Varadkar says he is 'confident' he didn't break Covid rules at Zappone party". Irish Independent. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Loughlin, Elaine (4 August 2021). "'Striking similarities' between golfgate controversy and Katherine Zappone function". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- ^ Moloney, Eoghan (5 August 2021). "Healy-Raes to 'look at circumstances' as Kerry pub video 'showing multiple breaches of Covid-19 regulations' emerges". Irish Independent. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ O'Sullivan, Jennie (5 August 2021). "Healy-Raes to 'look at circumstances' as pub video emerges". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Schiller, Robin (6 August 2021). "Gardaí carrying out preliminary inquiries into gathering at pub owned by Kerry TD Danny Healy-Rae". Irish Independent. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ Edwards, Rodney (5 September 2021). "Tánaiste Leo Varadkar faces criticism after being pictured at UK music festival on same weekend Electric Picnic was cancelled". Irish Independent. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
- ^ Burke, Ceimin (17 March 2020). "TD Thomas Pringle in isolation after potentially coming into contact with coronavirus". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ^ Maguire, Stephen (17 March 2020). "Donegal TD in isolation amid coronavirus fears". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ^ Luke 'Ming' Flanagan [@lukeming] (18 March 2020). "My daughter is now exhibiting symptoms of the #coronavirus Cough, shortness of breath and severe headache. We have contacted our local GP. We are now waiting for an appointment for her to be seen. 2 to 3 days wait. Our family will now go into self isolation. Fingers crossed" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Murray, Sean (19 March 2020). "Minister for Housing Eoghan Murphy self-isolating after returning from visiting family abroad". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ Walsh, Aoife; Heffernan, Breda; O'Connell, Hugh (23 March 2020). "Claire Byrne tests positive for coronavirus but Tánaiste tests negative for Covid-19 after appearing on show". Irish Independent. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ "Simon Coveney tests negative for Covid-19". The Echo. 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ Cunningham, Paul (14 April 2020). "Sinn Féin's Mary Lou McDonald tests positive for Covid-19". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "McDonald on virus: 'I've never been as sick'". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 25 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020. MacNamee, Garreth (25 April 2020). "'My eye sockets ached': Mary Lou McDonald on her coronavirus experience". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ "Covid-19 'literally floored me' says Mary Lou McDonald". The Echo. 25 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020. Gataveckaite, Gabija (24 April 2020). "'I've never been as sick...it floored me' – Mary Lou McDonald on her experience with coronavirus". Irish Independent. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
- ^ McGrath, Dominic (3 June 2020). "Simon Harris back at work after Covid-19 test comes back negative". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ "Cabinet and Acting CMO restricting movements as minister awaits Covid test". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ Finn, Christina; Murray, Sean (15 September 2020). "Cabinet and Acting CMO restricting their movements after Stephen Donnelly is sent for Covid-19 test, Dáil to resume this evening". TheJournal.ie
Press Association. Retrieved 15 September 2020. - ^ Blaney, Ferghal (15 September 2020). "Dail chaos as Cabinet and Dr Ronan Glynn restricting movements after Health Minister Stephen Donnelly gets Covid test". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ O'Halloran, Marie; McGee, Harry; Cullen, Paul; Leahy, Pat; Power, Jack; Hilliard, Mark (15 September 2020). "Ronan Glynn and entire Cabinet restricting movements as Minister for Health gets Covid-19 test". The Irish Times. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ Bermingham, Darragh (15 September 2020). "BREAKING: Dáil to resume as Cabinet members and Ronan Glynn restricting movements". Echo Live. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "CABINET AND RONAN GLYNN RESTRICTING MOVEMENTS AS DONNELLY SEEKS TEST FOR COVID-19". The Nationalist. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ Paul Cunningham [@RTENewsPaulC] (15 September 2020). "Europe Minister of State @ThomasByrneTD has gone into self-isolation. He was tested for #covid19 today, after waking with a 'mild cough' yesterday. @rtenews" (Tweet). Retrieved 15 September 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Dáil to return as 'unwell' Donnelly awaits Covid test". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ Loughlin, Elaine; Moore, Aoife (15 September 2020). "Cabinet and CMO self-isolating as Stephen Donnelly seeks Covid-19 test". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ McCrave, Conor (15 September 2020). "Cabinet members no longer restricting movements after Health Minister Stephen Donnelly tests negative for Covid-19". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ Pattison, Brynmor; Young, David; McCurry, Cate; Black, Rebecca (15 September 2020). "Health Minister Stephen Donnelly tests negative for coronavirus after chaotic few hours for politicians". Irish Mirror. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (23 September 2020). "Four Cabinet ministers restricting movements". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ Ní Aodha, Gráinne; Finn, Christina; Curran, Ian (23 September 2020). "Leo Varadkar restricting his movements after being in close contact with confirmed Covid-19 case". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ Murphy, Greg; Moore, Aoife (23 September 2020). "Leo Varadkar tests negative for Covid-19 but will be restricting movements". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ Bermingham, Darragh (23 September 2020). "Minister Coveney among four Cabinet Ministers restricting movements". EchoLive.ie. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe restricting movements due to Covid-19". BreakingNews.ie. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "French Finance Minister tests positive for coronavirus". BreakingNews.ie. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ Moore, Aoife (24 October 2020). "Four Fine Gael senators in self-isolation after two test positive for Covid-19". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ Moore, Aoife (23 October 2020). "Two Fine Gael senators test positive for Covid-19". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ Ryan, Philip (15 January 2021). "'My kids didn't understand why I couldn't cuddle them' – Fine Gael senator Emer Currie opens up on anguish of Covid self-isolation". Irish Independent. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ "Taoiseach tests negative after Macron Covid diagnosis". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 17 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020. Finn, Christina; Duffy, Rónán (17 December 2020). "Taoiseach Micheál Martin tests negative for Covid-19 after Emmanuel Macron tests positive". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 17 December 2020. Leahy, Pat; O'Leary, Naomi (17 December 2020). "Taoiseach tests negative for Covid-19 following close contact with Macron". The Irish Times. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ O'Connell, Hugh; Molony, Senan; McQuinn, Cormac (24 December 2020). "Minister who tested positive for Covid after shopping trip 'followed all rules'". Irish Independent. Retrieved 7 January 2021. McNulty, Fran (23 December 2020). "Agriculture Minister tests positive for Covid-19". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ McNally, Tadgh; Hennessy, Michelle; Finn, Christina; Brophy, Daragh (23 December 2020). "All ministers restricting their movements after member of Cabinet tests positive for Covid-19". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 23 December 2020. Horgan-Jones, Jack; Leahy, Pat; Clarke, Vivienne (23 December 2020). "Minister for Agriculture tests positive for Covid-19 prompting colleagues to restrict movements". The Irish Times. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ Helen McEntee [@HMcEntee] (6 January 2021). "I was recently tested and have received a positive result for #Covid19. In line with our HSE guidance I am isolating. I am continuing to carry out my duties by working remotely including attending Cabinet" (Tweet). Retrieved 6 January 2021 – via Twitter. "Minister for Justice isolating as she tests positive for Covid-19". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Dwyer, Orla (6 January 2021). "Justice Minister Helen McEntee tests positive for Covid-19". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 6 January 2021. Burns, Sarah (6 January 2021). "Minister for Justice Helen McEntee tests positive for Covid-19". The Irish Times. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- Politics of the Republic of Ireland
- 2020 in the Republic of Ireland
- 2021 in the Republic of Ireland
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland