Iron monosilicide

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Iron monosilicide
MnSi lattice.png
Structures of left-handed and right-handed FeSi crystals. The top presentation shows the eight atoms of the unit cell. The middle shows polyhedra surrounding the iron atoms. The bottom show the presence of screw axes.
Names
IUPAC name
Iron silicide
Other names
Naquite, fersilicite
Identifiers
  • 12022-95-6 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.506 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 234-670-2
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Fe.Si
    Key: XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [Si].[Fe]
Properties
FeSi
Molar mass 83.931 g/mol
Appearance gray cubic crystals[1]
Density 6.1 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 1,410 °C (2,570 °F; 1,680 K)[1]
Band gap 0.05 eV (ind.)
0.14 eV (dir.)[2]
8.5×10−6 emu/g[3]
Structure
Cubic[4]
P213 (No. 198), cP8
a = 0.44827(1) nm
4
Hazards
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
 Iron germanide
Other cations
 Cobalt silicide
Manganese silicide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Iron monosilicide (FeSi) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of iron that occurs in nature as the rare mineral naquite. It is a narrow-bandgap semiconductor with a room-temperature electrical resistivity of ca. 10,000 Ohm·cm[3] and unusual magnetic properties at low temperatures. FeSi has a cubic crystal lattice with no inversion center; therefore its magnetic structure is helical, with right-hand and left-handed chiralities.[4]

The structure is similar to that of sodium chloride, with four iron atoms and four silicon atoms in each unit cell. Whereas in sodium chloride the eight atoms are at the corners of a cube and each ion is surrounded by six counter-ions, in iron monosilicide the atoms are all displaced parallele to body diagonals (along 3-fold axes) from the positions of sodium and chloride. The crystal therefore loses symmetry, but retains the 2-fold screw axes and the 3-fold axes of the sodium chloride crystal structure. As a result of this displacement, an iron atom is about as close to a silicon atom on the same 3-fold axis as to any of the other six silicon atoms around it (instead of being time further away as in sodium chloride). This means that each iron atoms has seven nearby silicon atoms, and conversely each silicon atom sits in a similar (enantiomorphic) cage of iron atoms. The cages only have 3-fold rotational symmetry, with three slightly different interatomic distances between the central atom and the seven surrounding atoms (to 3 atoms, 3 atoms, and 1 atom respectively). There are right-handed and left-handed 3-fold screw axes without there being a symmetry element taking one to the other. (Three-fold screw axes also exist in sodium chloride but are related by a mirror.) This means that iron monosilicide crystals exist in two different enantiomorphs.[5]

In 1948 Linus Pauling investigated the nature of the bonds in iron monosilicide.[6]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.68. ISBN 9781498754293.
  2. ^ Galakhov, V R; Kurmaev, E Z; Cherkashenko, V M; Yarmoshenko, Yu M; Shamin, S N; Postnikov, A V; Uhlenbrock, S; Neumann, M; Lu, Z W; Klein, B M; Shi, Zhu-Pei (1995). "Electronic structure of FeSi". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 7 (28): 5529–5535. arXiv:mtrl-th/9505004. Bibcode:1995JPCM....7.5529G. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/7/28/010. S2CID 15970627.
  3. ^ a b Jaccarino, V.; Wertheim, G. K.; Wernick, J. H.; Walker, L. R.; Arajs, Sigurds (1967). "Paramagnetic Excited State of FeSi". Physical Review. 160 (3): 476–482. Bibcode:1967PhRv..160..476J. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.160.476.
  4. ^ a b Stishov, Sergei M.; Petrova, Alla E. (2011). "Itinerant helimagnetic compound MnSi". Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk. 181 (11): 1157. doi:10.3367/UFNr.0181.201111b.1157.
  5. ^ Ulrich Burkhardt; et al. (Mar 4, 2020). "Absolute Structure from Scanning Electron Microscopy". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 4065. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.4065B. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59854-y. PMC 7055257. PMID 32132558.
  6. ^ Acta Crystallogr. (Sep 1948). 1, 212-216 The nature of the bonds in the iron silicide, FeSi, and related crystals Linus Pauling and A. M. Soldate doi:10.1107/S0365110X48000570
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