Isotopes of gold
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Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Au) | 196.966570(4)[1][2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gold (79Au) has one stable isotope, 197Au, and 36 radioisotopes, with 195Au being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is currently considered the heaviest monoisotopic element (bismuth formerly held that distinction in the belief that the isotope, bismuth-209, was stable; however it is now known to be slightly radioactive). All isotopes of gold are either radioactive or, in the case of 197Au, observationally stable, meaning that 197Au is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.
List of isotopes[]
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Decay mode [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7] |
Spin and parity [n 8][n 4] |
Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||
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Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
169Au | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 150# μs | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||||
170Au | 79 | 91 | 169.99612(22)# | 310(50) μs [286(+50−40) μs] |
(2−) | ||||||||||||||
170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) μs [0.62(+6−5) ms] |
(9+) | ||||||||||||||||
171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991879(28) | 30(5) μs | p | 170Pt | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
α (rare) | 167Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1.014(19) ms | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
p (46%) | 170Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99004(17)# | 4.7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | high | ||||||||||||
p (2%) | 171Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986237(28) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 173Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14.0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (4%) | 173Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98476(11)# | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | low | ||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 174Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | ||||||||||||||||
175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98127(5) | 100# ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||
β+ (18%) | 175Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||
β+ | 175Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98010(11)# | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s] |
α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | ||||||||||||
β+ (40%) | 176Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | ||||||||||||||||
177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976865(14) | 1.462(32) s | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+, 3/2+) | ||||||||||||
α (40%) | 173Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||||
178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.97603(6) | 2.6(5) s | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | |||||||||||||
α (40%) | 174Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973213(18) | 7.1(3) s | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
α (22%) | 175Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | |||||||||||||||||
180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972521(23) | 8.1(3) s | β+ (98.2%) | 180Pt | |||||||||||||
α (1.8%) | 176Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | β+ (97.3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (2.7%) | 177Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969618(22) | 15.5(4) s | β+ (99.87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | ||||||||||||
α (.13%) | 178Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967593(11) | 42.8(10) s | β+ (99.2%) | 183Pt | (5/2)− | ||||||||||||
α (.8%) | 179Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 μs | (1/2)+ | ||||||||||||||||
183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 μs | (11/2)− | ||||||||||||||||
184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | ||||||||||||
184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (30%) | 184Au | ||||||||||||||||||
α (.013%) | 180Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.965789(28) | 4.25(6) min | β+ (99.74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.26%) | 181Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||||||
186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | β+ (99.9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | ||||||||||||
α (8×10−4%) | 182Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | ||||||||||||||||
187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964568(27) | 8.4(3) min | β+ (99.997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
α (.003%) | 183Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | ||||||||||||||
188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.965324(22) | 8.84(6) min | β+ | 188Pt | 1(−) | ||||||||||||
189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | β+ (99.9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
α (3×10−4%) | 185Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
IT (rare) | 189Au | ||||||||||||||||||
189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | ||||||||||||||||
189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964700(17) | 42.8(10) min | β+ | 190Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
α (10−6%) | 186Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11−# | ||||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 190Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.96370(4) | 3.18(8) h | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | |||||||||||||||||
192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964813(17) | 4.94(9) h | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | (5#)+ | ||||||||||||||
192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964150(11) | 17.65(15) h | β+ (100%) | 193Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
α (10−5%) | 189Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | IT (99.97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
β+ (.03%) | 193Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.965365(11) | 38.02(10) h | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5+) | ||||||||||||||
194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650346(14) | 186.098(47) d | EC | 195Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966570(3) | 6.1669(6) d | EC (93.05%) | 196Pt | 2− | ||||||||||||
β− (6.95%) | 196Hg | ||||||||||||||||||
196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12− | ||||||||||||||||
197Au[n 9] | 79 | 118 | 196.9665687(6) | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | |||||||||||||
197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682423(6) | 2.69517(21) d | β− | 198Hg | 2− | ||||||||||||
198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | ||||||||||||||||
198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | IT | 198Au | (12−) | ||||||||||||||
199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687652(6) | 3.139(7) d | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) μs | (11/2)− | ||||||||||||||||
200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.97073(5) | 48.4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1(−) | ||||||||||||
200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | ||||||||||||||
IT (18%) | 200Au | ||||||||||||||||||
201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971657(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
201m1Au | 594(5) keV | 730(630) μs | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
201m2Au | 1610(5) keV | 5.6(2.4) μs | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.97381(18) | 28.8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | ||||||||||||
203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975155(3) | 60(6) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
203mAu | 641(3) keV | 140(44) μs | IT | 203Au | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||
204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97772(22)# | 38.3(1.3) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | ||||||||||||
204mAu | 3816(1000)# keV | 2.1(0.3) μs | IT | 204Au | 16+# | ||||||||||||||
205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.97985(21)# | 32.5(1.4) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+# | ||||||||||||
205m1Au | 907(5) keV | 6(2) s | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||||
205m2Au | 2850(5) keV | 163(5) ns | 19/2+# | ||||||||||||||||
206Au | 79 | 127 | 205.98474(32)# | 47(11) s | β− | 206Hg | (5+, 6+) | ||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mAu – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition
p: Proton emission - ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ Potential material for salted bombs
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 193Ir
References[]
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
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- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
Categories:
- Isotopes of gold
- Gold
- Lists of isotopes by element