Isotopes of mercury

Main isotopes of mercury (₈₀Hg)
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Hg)	200.592(3)
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There are seven stable isotopes of mercury (₈₀Hg) with ²⁰²Hg being the most abundant (29.86%). The longest-lived radioisotopes are ¹⁹⁴Hg with a half-life of 444 years, and ²⁰³Hg with a half-life of 46.612 days. Most of the remaining 40 radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. ¹⁹⁹Hg and ²⁰¹Hg are the most often studied NMR-active nuclei, having spin quantum numbers of 1/2 and 3/2 respectively.

¹⁸⁰Hg, producible from ¹⁸⁰Tl, was found in 2010 to be capable of an unusual form of spontaneous fission.^[2] The fission products are ⁸⁰Kr and ¹⁰⁰Ru.

List of isotopes[]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 7]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion	Range of variation
¹⁷⁰Hg^[3]	80	90		80(+400-40) μs	α	¹⁶⁶Pt	0+
¹⁷¹Hg	80	91	171.00376(32)#	80(30) μs [59(+36−16) μs]	α	¹⁶⁷Pt	3/2−#
¹⁷²Hg	80	92	171.99883(22)	420(240) μs [0.25(+35−9) ms]	α	¹⁶⁸Pt	0+
¹⁷³Hg	80	93	172.99724(22)#	1.1(4) ms [0.6(+5−2) ms]	α	¹⁶⁹Pt	3/2−#
¹⁷⁴Hg	80	94	173.992864(21)	2.0(4) ms [2.1(+18−7) ms]	α	¹⁷⁰Pt	0+
¹⁷⁵Hg	80	95	174.99142(11)	10.8(4) ms	α	¹⁷¹Pt	5/2−#
¹⁷⁶Hg	80	96	175.987355(15)	20.4(15) ms	α (98.6%)	¹⁷²Pt	0+
¹⁷⁶Hg	80	96	175.987355(15)	20.4(15) ms	β⁺ (1.4%)	¹⁷⁶Au	0+
¹⁷⁷Hg	80	97	176.98628(8)	127.3(18) ms	α (85%)	¹⁷³Pt	5/2−#
¹⁷⁷Hg	80	97	176.98628(8)	127.3(18) ms	β⁺ (15%)	¹⁷⁷Au	5/2−#
¹⁷⁸Hg	80	98	177.982483(14)	0.269(3) s	α (70%)	¹⁷⁴Pt	0+
¹⁷⁸Hg	80	98	177.982483(14)	0.269(3) s	β⁺ (30%)	¹⁷⁸Au	0+
¹⁷⁹Hg	80	99	178.981834(29)	1.09(4) s	α (53%)	¹⁷⁵Pt	5/2−#
					β⁺ (47%)	¹⁷⁹Au
					β⁺, p (.15%)	¹⁷⁸Pt
¹⁸⁰Hg^{[n 8]}	80	100	179.978266(15)	2.58(1) s	β⁺ (52%)	¹⁸⁰Au	0+
					α (48%)	¹⁷⁶Pt
					SF	¹⁰⁰Ru, ⁸⁰Kr
¹⁸¹Hg	80	101	180.977819(17)	3.6(1) s	β⁺ (64%)	¹⁸¹Au	1/2(−)
					α (36%)	¹⁷⁷Pt
					β⁺, p (.014%)	¹⁸⁰Pt
					β⁺, α (9×10⁻⁶%)	¹⁷⁷Ir
^181mHg	210(40)# keV						13/2+
¹⁸²Hg	80	102	181.97469(1)	10.83(6) s	β⁺ (84.8%)	¹⁸²Au	0+
					α (15.2%)	¹⁷⁸Pt
					β⁺, p (10⁻⁵%)	¹⁸¹Pt
¹⁸³Hg	80	103	182.974450(9)	9.4(7) s	β⁺ (74.5%)	¹⁸³Au	1/2−
					α (25.5%)	¹⁷⁹Pt
					β⁺, p (5.6×10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸²Pt
^183m1Hg	198(14) keV						13/2+#
^183m2Hg	240(40)# keV			5# s	β⁺	¹⁸³Au	13/2+#
¹⁸⁴Hg	80	104	183.971713(11)	30.6(3) s	β⁺ (98.89%)	¹⁸⁴Au	0+
¹⁸⁴Hg	80	104	183.971713(11)	30.6(3) s	α (1.11%)	¹⁸⁰Pt	0+
¹⁸⁵Hg	80	105	184.971899(17)	49.1(10) s	β⁺ (94%)	¹⁸⁵Au	1/2−
¹⁸⁵Hg	80	105	184.971899(17)	49.1(10) s	α (6%)	¹⁸¹Pt	1/2−
^185mHg	99.3(5) keV			21.6(15) s	IT (54%)	¹⁸⁵Hg	13/2+
					β⁺ (46%)	¹⁸⁵Au
					α (.03%)	¹⁸¹Pt
¹⁸⁶Hg	80	106	185.969362(12)	1.38(6) min	β⁺ (99.92%)	¹⁸⁶Au	0+
¹⁸⁶Hg	80	106	185.969362(12)	1.38(6) min	α (.016%)	¹⁸²Pt	0+
^186mHg	2217.3(4) keV			82(5) μs			(8−)
¹⁸⁷Hg	80	107	186.969814(15)	1.9(3) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁷Au	3/2−
¹⁸⁷Hg	80	107	186.969814(15)	1.9(3) min	α (1.2×10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸³Pt	3/2−
^187mHg	59(16) keV			2.4(3) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁷Au	13/2+
^187mHg	59(16) keV			2.4(3) min	α (2.5×10⁻⁴%)	¹⁸³Pt	13/2+
¹⁸⁸Hg	80	108	187.967577(12)	3.25(15) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁸Au	0+
¹⁸⁸Hg	80	108	187.967577(12)	3.25(15) min	α (3.7×10⁻⁵%)	¹⁸⁴Pt	0+
^188mHg	2724.3(4) keV			134(15) ns			(12+)
¹⁸⁹Hg	80	109	188.96819(4)	7.6(1) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁹Au	3/2−
¹⁸⁹Hg	80	109	188.96819(4)	7.6(1) min	α (3×10⁻⁵%)	¹⁸⁵Pt	3/2−
^189mHg	80(30) keV			8.6(1) min	β⁺	¹⁸⁹Au	13/2+
^189mHg	80(30) keV			8.6(1) min	α (3×10⁻⁵%)	¹⁸⁵Pt	13/2+
¹⁹⁰Hg	80	110	189.966322(17)	20.0(5) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁰Au	0+
¹⁹⁰Hg	80	110	189.966322(17)	20.0(5) min	α (5×10⁻⁵%)	¹⁸⁶Pt	0+
¹⁹¹Hg	80	111	190.967157(24)	49(10) min	β⁺	¹⁹¹Au	3/2(−)
^191mHg	128(22) keV			50.8(15) min	β⁺	¹⁹¹Au	13/2+
¹⁹²Hg	80	112	191.965634(17)	4.85(20) h	EC	¹⁹²Au	0+
¹⁹²Hg	80	112	191.965634(17)	4.85(20) h	α (4×10⁻⁶%)	¹⁸⁸Pt	0+
¹⁹³Hg	80	113	192.966665(17)	3.80(15) h	β⁺	¹⁹³Au	3/2−
^193mHg	140.76(5) keV			11.8(2) h	β⁺ (92.9%)	¹⁹³Au	13/2+
^193mHg	140.76(5) keV			11.8(2) h	IT (7.1%)	¹⁹³Hg	13/2+
¹⁹⁴Hg	80	114	193.965439(13)	444(77) y	EC	¹⁹⁴Au	0+
¹⁹⁵Hg	80	115	194.966720(25)	10.53(3) h	β⁺	¹⁹⁵Au	1/2−
^195mHg	176.07(4) keV			41.6(8) h	IT (54.2%)	¹⁹⁵Hg	13/2+
^195mHg	176.07(4) keV			41.6(8) h	β⁺ (45.8%)	¹⁹⁵Au	13/2+
¹⁹⁶Hg	80	116	195.965833(3)	Observationally Stable^{[n 9]}			0+	0.0015(1)
¹⁹⁷Hg	80	117	196.967213(3)	64.14(5) h	EC	¹⁹⁷Au	1/2−
^197mHg	298.93(8) keV			23.8(1) h	IT (91.4%)	¹⁹⁷Hg	13/2+
^197mHg	298.93(8) keV			23.8(1) h	EC (8.6%)	¹⁹⁷Au	13/2+
¹⁹⁸Hg	80	118	197.9667690(4)	Observationally Stable^{[n 10]}			0+	0.0997(20)
¹⁹⁹Hg	80	119	198.9682799(4)	Observationally Stable^{[n 11]}			1/2−	0.1687(22)
^199mHg	532.48(10) keV			42.66(8) min	IT	¹⁹⁹Hg	13/2+
²⁰⁰Hg	80	120	199.9683260(4)	Observationally Stable^{[n 12]}			0+	0.2310(19)
²⁰¹Hg	80	121	200.9703023(6)	Observationally Stable^{[n 13]}			3/2−	0.1318(9)
^201mHg	766.22(15) keV			94(3) μs			13/2+
²⁰²Hg	80	122	201.9706430(6)	Observationally Stable^{[n 14]}			0+	0.2986(26)
²⁰³Hg	80	123	202.9728725(18)	46.595(6) d	β⁻	²⁰³Tl	5/2−
^203mHg	933.14(23) keV			24(4) μs			(13/2+)
²⁰⁴Hg	80	124	203.9734939(4)	Observationally Stable^{[n 15]}			0+	0.0687(15)
²⁰⁵Hg	80	125	204.976073(4)	5.14(9) min	β⁻	²⁰⁵Tl	1/2−
^205mHg	1556.40(17) keV			1.09(4) ms	IT	²⁰⁵Hg	13/2+
²⁰⁶Hg	80	126	205.977514(22)	8.15(10) min	β⁻	²⁰⁶Tl	0+	Trace^{[n 16]}
²⁰⁷Hg	80	127	206.98259(16)	2.9(2) min	β⁻	²⁰⁷Tl	(9/2+)
²⁰⁸Hg	80	128	207.98594(32)#	42(5) min [41(+5−4) min]	β⁻	²⁰⁸Tl	0+
²⁰⁹Hg	80	129	208.99104(21)#	37(8) s			9/2+#
²¹⁰Hg	80	130	209.99451(32)#	10# min [>300 ns]			0+
²¹¹Hg	80	131	210.99380(200)#	26(8) s			9/2+#
²¹²Hg	80	132	212.02760(300)#	1# min [>300 ns]			0+
²¹³Hg	80	133	213.07670(300)#	1# s [>300 ns]			5/2+#
²¹⁴Hg	80	134	214.11180(400)#	1# s [>300 ns]			0+
²¹⁵Hg	80	135	215.16210(400)#	1# s [>300 ns]			3/2+#
²¹⁶Hg	80	136	216.19860(400)#	100# ms [>300 ns]			0+
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mHg – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

SF: Spontaneous fission
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ When produced from ¹⁸⁰Tl can also undergo fission to ¹⁰⁰Ru and ⁸⁰Kr
^ Believed to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁹⁶Pt with a half-life over 2.5×10¹⁸ years
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁴Pt
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁵Pt
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁶Pt
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁷Pt
^ Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁸Pt
^ Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ²⁰⁴Pb
^ Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U

References[]

^ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
^ Eugenie Samuel Reich (December 1, 2010). "Mercury serves up a nuclear surprise: a new type of fission". Scientific American.
^ Hilton, J.; et al. (2019). "α-spectroscopy studies of the new nuclides ¹⁶⁵Pt and ¹⁷⁰Hg". Physical Review C. 100 (1): 014305. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.100.014305.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

[3] Hg – Excited nuclear isomer.

[4] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-5] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-6] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[7] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

SF: Spontaneous fission

[8] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[9] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[11] When produced from ¹⁸⁰Tl can also undergo fission to ¹⁰⁰Ru and ⁸⁰Kr

[12] Believed to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to ¹⁹⁶Pt with a half-life over 2.5×10¹⁸ years

[13] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁴Pt

[14] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁵Pt

[15] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁶Pt

[16] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁷Pt

[17] Believed to undergo α decay to ¹⁹⁸Pt

[18] Believed to undergo β⁻β⁻ decay to ²⁰⁴Pb

[Th-19] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U

[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[2] Eugenie Samuel Reich (December 1, 2010). "Mercury serves up a nuclear surprise: a new type of fission". Scientific American.

[pt165hg170-10] Hilton, J.; et al. (2019). "α-spectroscopy studies of the new nuclides ¹⁶⁵Pt and ¹⁷⁰Hg". Physical Review C. 100 (1): 014305. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.100.014305.

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EC:	Electron capture
IT:	Isomeric transition
SF:	Spontaneous fission