Jewish population by country
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Jews and those of sufficient Jewish descent to be eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return by country in proportion to the general population (per million people, 2018) |
Jewish population by country (1,000s, 2018) |
Eligible Jewish population by country (top 12, 2018)
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At the beginning of 2019, the world's "core" Jewish population, those identifying as Jews above all else, was estimated at 14.7 million (or 0.2% of the 7.89 billion humans). The "connected" Jewish population, including those who say they are partly Jewish or that have Jewish background from at least a single Jewish parent, in addition to the core Jewish population, was 17.9 million. The "enlarged" Jewish population, including those who say they have Jewish background but not a Jewish parent, and all non-Jewish household members who live in households with Jews, in addition to the Jewish connected population, is 20.9 million. Counting all "eligible" to Israeli citizenship under Israel's Law of Return, in addition to Israeli Jews, totaled 23.7 million.[needs update][1][2][3][4][5][6]
Two countries, the United States (51%), and Israel (30%), including the West Bank (2%), account for 81% of those recognised as Jews or of sufficient Jewish ancestry to be eligible for citizenship in Israel under its Law of Return. France (3%), Canada (3%), Russia (3%), the United Kingdom (2%), Argentina (1%), Germany (1%), Ukraine (1%), Brazil (1%), Australia (1%) and Hungary (1%) hold an additional 16%, and the remaining 3% are spread around 98 other countries and territories with less than 0.5% each. With nearly 6.8 million Jews,[7] Israel is the only Jewish-majority and explicitly Jewish state.
In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million. Due to the Holocaust, the number was reduced to 11 million by 1945.[8][9][10] The population grew to around 13 million by the 1970s and then recorded near-zero growth until around 2005, due to low fertility rates and to assimilation.[9] From 2005 to 2018, the world's Jewish population grew on average 0.63% annually (while world population grew 1.1% annually in the same period).[2] This increase primarily reflected the rapid growth of Haredi and some Orthodox sectors, who are becoming a growing proportion of Jews.[11]
Recent trends[]
Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in the Israeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in other countries (the diaspora). The Jewish population of Israel increased from 630,000 at the country's inception in 1948 to 6,135,000 in 2014,[12] while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.[5] Current Israeli Jewish demographics are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution.[13] The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually.[14] The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.[5]
Immigration trends also favour Israel ahead of diaspora countries. The Jewish state has a positive immigration balance (called aliyah in Hebrew). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s,[15] and immigration growth has been steady (in the low tens of thousands) since then.[16] In the rest of the world, only the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany have had a positive recent Jewish migration balance outside of Israel. In general, the modern English-speaking world has seen an increase in its share of the diaspora since the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel, while historic diaspora Jewish populations in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East have significantly declined or disappeared.[17]
France continues to be home to the world's third largest Jewish community, at around 500,000,[18][19] but has shown an increasingly negative trend. As a long term tend, intermarriage has reduced its "core" Jewish population and increased its "connected" and "enlarged" Jewish populations. More recently, migration loss to Israel amongst French Jews reached the tens of thousands between 2014 and 2017, following a wave of anti-Semitic attacks.[20][21]
According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated one million babies were born to Jewish mothers and roughly 600,000 Jewish died, meaning that the natural increase in the Jewish population – i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths – was 500,000 over this period".[22] According to the same study, over the next four decades the number of Jews around the world is expected to increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 20.3 million in 2060.[23]
Debate over United States numbers[]
The number of Jews in the United States has been the subject of much debate because of questions over counting methodology. In 2012, Sheskin and Dashefsky put forward a figure of 6.72 million based on a mixture of local surveys, informed local estimates, and US census data. They qualified their estimate with a concern over double counting and suggested the real figure may lie between 6 and 6.4 million.[24] Drawing on their work, the Steinhardt Social Research Institute released their own estimate of 6.8 million Jews in the United States in 2013.[25] These figures are in contrast to Israeli demographer Sergio Della Pergola's number of 5,425,000, also in 2012.[26] He has called high estimates “implausible” and “unreliable” although he revised the United States Jewish number upward to 5.7 million in subsequent years.[27][26] This controversy followed a similar debate in 2001 when the National Jewish Population Survey released a United States Jewish estimate as low as 5.2 million only to have serious methodological errors suggested in their survey.[26] In sum, a confidence interval of a million or more people is likely to persist in reporting on the number of Jewish Americans.
By country[]
Below is a list of Jewish populations in the world by country. All data below, but the last column, is from the Berman Jewish DataBank at Stanford University in the World Jewish Population (2018) report coordinated by Sergio DellaPergola at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[28] The Jewish DataBank figures are primarily based on national censuses combined with trend analysis. "Core" Jewish population refers to those who consider themselves Jews to the exclusion of all else. The "connected" Jewish population, in addition to the core Jewish population, includes those who say they are partly Jewish or that have Jewish background from at least one Jewish parent. The "enlarged" Jewish population includes the Jewish connected population and those who say they have Jewish background but not a Jewish parent, and all non-Jews living in households with Jews. The Law of Return Jewish population includes all those eligible to immigration to Israel under its Law of Return. Note that the results below may not be entirely accurate, as other sources may have conflicting accounts of Jewish populations in certain countries.
Table[]
Countries | Core population | Connected population | Enlarged population | Eligible population | National official | ||||||||
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Total | pct | pmp | Total | pct | pmp | Total | pct | pmp | Total | pct | pmp | ||
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6,246,700 | 40 | 731,198 | 6,455,611 | 36 | 755,651 | 6,664,509 | 32 | 780,103 | 6,664,509 | 28 | 780,103 | [7]6,731,012 (2019) |
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5,700,000 | 36 | 17,378 | 8,000,000 | 45 | 24,390 | 10,000,000 | 48 | 30,488 | 12,000,000 | 51 | 36,585 | [29]6,497,836 (2010) |
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450,000 | 2.9 | 6,908 | 550,000 | 3.1 | 8,443 | 650,000 | 3.1 | 9,979 | 750,000 | 3.2 | 11,514 | N/A |
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418,900 | 2.7 | 138,539 | 423,339 | 2.4 | 140,007 | 427,791 | 2.1 | 141,479 | 427,791 | 1.8 | 141,479 | N/A |
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392,000 | 2.5 | 10,538 | 450,000 | 2.5 | 12,262 | 550,000 | 2.7 | 14,986 | 700,000 | 3.0 | 19,074 | [30]145,102 (2016) |
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263,346 | 1.7 | 4,367 | 330,000 | 1.9 | 4,970 | 370,000 | 1.8 | 5,572 | 410,000 | 1.7 | 6,175 | [31][32][33]272,264 (2020) |
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180,000 | 1.1 | 4,045 | 260,000 | 1.5 | 6,095 | 310,000 | 1.5 | 7,449 | 360,000 | 1.5 | 7,901 | N/A |
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165,000 | 1.0 | 1,120 | 320,000 | 1.8 | 2,180 | 460,000 | 2.2 | 2,997 | 600,000 | 2.6 | 4,087 | [34]159,548 (2020) |
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118,000 | 0.75 | 4,896 | 130,000 | 0.73 | 5,102 | 145,000 | 0.70 | 5,715 | 160,000 | 0.68 | 6,327 | [35]91,932 (2020) |
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118,000 | 0.75 | 1,425 | 150,000 | 0.84 | 1,805 | 225,000 | 1.1 | 2,708 | 275,000 | 1.2 | 3,309 | [36]84,264 (2020) |
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92,600 | 0.59 | 442 | 120,000 | 0.67 | 577 | 150,000 | 0.73 | 722 | 180,000 | 0.77 | 866 | [35]108,402 (2018) |
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67,500 | 0.43 | 1,170 | 75,000 | 0.42 | 1,327 | 80,000 | 0.39 | 1,416 | 85,000 | 0.36 | 1,504 | [37]52,823 (2019) |
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48,000 | 0.30 | 1,135 | 90,000 | 0.51 | 2,293 | 140,000 | 0.68 | 3,310 | 200,000 | 0.85 | 4,728 | [38]106,535 (2020) |
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47,300 | 0.30 | 4,827 | 75,000 | 0.42 | 7,653 | 100,000 | 0.48 | 10,204 | 130,000 | 0.55 | 13,265 | [35]11,075 (2018) |
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40,000 | 0.25 | 306 | 45,000 | 0.25 | 344 | 50,000 | 0.24 | 382 | 65,000 | 0.28 | 497 | [35]68,151 (2018) |
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29,800 | 0.19 | 1,733 | 43,000 | 0.24 | 2,500 | 53,000 | 0.26 | 3,081 | 63,000 | 0.27 | 3,663 | [39]17,133 (2020) |
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29,100 | 0.18 | 2,553 | 35,000 | 0.20 | 3,070 | 40,000 | 0.19 | 3,509 | 45,000 | 0.19 | 3,947 | N/A |
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27,400 | 0.17 | 452 | 34,000 | 0.19 | 561 | 41,000 | 0.20 | 677 | 48,000 | 0.20 | 792 | N/A |
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18,500 | 0.12 | 2,176 | 22,000 | 0.12 | 2,588 | 25,000 | 0.12 | 2,941 | 28,000 | 0.12 | 3,294 | [35]16,931 (2018) |
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18,300 | 0.12 | 984 | 21,000 | 0.12 | 1,129 | 25,000 | 0.12 | 1,344 | 30,000 | 0.13 | 1,613 | [35]15,126 (2018) |
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16,600 | 0.11 | 4,743 | 20,000 | 0.11 | 5,714 | 24,000 | 0.12 | 6,857 | 28,000 | 0.12 | 8,000 | N/A |
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14,800 | 0.094 | 182 | 19,000 | 0.11 | 234 | 21,000 | 0.10 | 258 | 23,000 | 0.098 | 283 | N/A |
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15,000 | 0.095 | 1,471 | 20,000 | 0.11 | 1,961 | 25,000 | 0.12 | 2,451 | 30,000 | 0.13 | 2,941 | N/A |
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11,700 | 0.074 | 251 | 15,000 | 0.084 | 321 | 18,000 | 0.087 | 385 | 21,000 | 0.089 | 450 | N/A |
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9,000 | 0.057 | 947 | 17,000 | 0.096 | 1,789 | 25,000 | 0.12 | 2,632 | 33,000 | 0.14 | 3,474 | [40]13,064 (2020) |
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10,000 | 0.063 | 2,381 | 11,000 | 0.062 | 2,619 | 12,000 | 0.058 | 2,857 | 13,000 | 0.055 | 3,095 | N/A |
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9,000 | 0.057 | 462 | 13,000 | 0.073 | 667 | 17,000 | 0.082 | 872 | 20,000 | 0.085 | 1,026 | [35]3,554 (2018) |
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10,000 | 0.063 | 1,136 | 14,000 | 0.079 | 1,591 | 17,000 | 0.082 | 1,932 | 20,000 | 0.085 | 2,273 | [35]8,221 (2018) |
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8,300 | 0.053 | 102 | 10,500 | 0.059 | 129 | 12,000 | 0.058 | 147 | 13,000 | 0.055 | 159 | [35]9,924 (2018) |
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7,500 | 0.048 | 758 | 10,500 | 0.059 | 1,061 | 15,500 | 0.075 | 1,566 | 20,500 | 0.087 | 2,071 | [41]9,175 (2018) |
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7,000 | 0.044 | 220 | 10,000 | 0.056 | 314 | 12,000 | 0.058 | 377 | 14,000 | 0.060 | 440 | [42][43]9,595 (2020) |
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7,500 | 0.048 | 1,531 | 8,500 | 0.048 | 1,735 | 9,500 | 0.046 | 1,939 | 10,500 | 0.045 | 2,143 | [35]6,936 (2018) |
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6,400 | 0.041 | 1,103 | 7,500 | 0.042 | 1,293 | 8,500 | 0.041 | 1,466 | 9,500 | 0.040 | 1,638 | N/A |
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4,800 | 0.030 | 4 | 6,000 | 0.034 | 4 | 7,500 | 0.036 | 5 | 9,000 | 0.038 | 7 | [44]4,697 (2020) |
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4,600 | 0.029 | 2,421 | 8,000 | 0.045 | 4,211 | 12,000 | 0.058 | 6,316 | 16,000 | 0.068 | 8,421 | [45]8,292 (2020) |
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4,200 | 0.027 | 396 | 5,200 | 0.029 | 491 | 6,000 | 0.029 | 566 | 7,000 | 0.030 | 660 | N/A |
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3,900 | 0.025 | 368 | 5,000 | 0.028 | 472 | 6,500 | 0.031 | 613 | 8,000 | 0.034 | 755 | [46]1,489 (2020) |
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1,900 | 0.012 | 543 | 3,800 | 0.021 | 1,086 | 7,500 | 0.036 | 2,143 | 10,000 | 0.043 | 2,857 | [35]1,617 (2018) |
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3,000 | 0.019 | 91 | 6,000 | 0.034 | 182 | 8,000 | 0.039 | 243 | 10,000 | 0.043 | 304 | [47]95,636 (2020) |
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4,500 | 0.029 | 117 | 7,000 | 0.039 | 182 | 10,000 | 0.048 | 260 | 13,000 | 0.055 | 339 | [48]2,513 (2020) |
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2,600 | 0.016 | 141 | 4,800 | 0.027 | 261 | 6,500 | 0.031 | 353 | 9,500 | 0.040 | 516 | [35]5,334 (2018) |
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3,000 | 0.019 | 2 | 3,200 | 0.018 | 2 | 3,400 | 0.016 | 2 | 3,600 | 0.015 | 3 | N/A |
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2,400 | 0.015 | 857 | 4,700 | 0.026 | 1,679 | 7,500 | 0.036 | 2,679 | 10,500 | 0.045 | 3,750 | [35]1,241 (2018) |
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2,600 | 0.016 | 481 | 3,600 | 0.020 | 667 | 4,600 | 0.022 | 852 | 6,000 | 0.026 | 1,111 | [49]603 (2020) |
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2,500 | 0.016 | 500 | 2,800 | 0.016 | 560 | 3,100 | 0.015 | 620 | 3,400 | 0.014 | 680 | N/A |
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2,100 | 0.013 | 42 | 2,800 | 0.016 | 56 | 3,500 | 0.017 | 70 | 4,500 | 0.019 | 90 | N/A |
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2,100 | 0.013 | 60 | 2,500 | 0.014 | 71 | 2,800 | 0.014 | 80 | 3,100 | 0.013 | 88 | N/A |
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2,000 | 0.013 | 286 | 4,000 | 0.022 | 571 | 6,000 | 0.029 | 857 | 8,000 | 0.034 | 1,143 | [50]1,174 (2020) |
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1,900 | 0.012 | 1,462 | 2,700 | 0.015 | 2,077 | 3,500 | 0.017 | 2,692 | 4,500 | 0.019 | 3,462 | [51]1,940 (2020) |
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1,900 | 0.012 | 59 | 2,400 | 0.013 | 75 | 3,000 | 0.015 | 93 | 3,500 | 0.015 | 109 | N/A |
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1,700 | 0.011 | 415 | 2,400 | 0.013 | 585 | 3,100 | 0.015 | 756 | 3,800 | 0.016 | 927 | [35]546 (2018) |
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1,500 | 0.0095 | 385 | 3,000 | 0.017 | 769 | 5,000 | 0.024 | 1,282 | 7,500 | 0.032 | 1,923 | [35]1,431 (2018) |
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2,600 | 0.016 | 531 | 3,600 | 0.020 | 735 | 5,000 | 0.024 | 1,020 | 6,500 | 0.028 | 1,327 | [52]1,940 (2020) |
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1,500 | 0.0095 | 455 | 2,000 | 0.011 | 606 | 2,500 | 0.012 | 758 | 3,000 | 0.013 | 909 | N/A |
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1,400 | 0.0089 | 200 | 2,100 | 0.012 | 300 | 2,800 | 0.014 | 400 | 3,500 | 0.015 | 500 | [35]588 (2018) |
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1,300 | 0.0082 | 236 | 1,600 | 0.0090 | 291 | 1,900 | 0.0092 | 345 | 2,200 | 0.0094 | 400 | [53]1,104 (2020) |
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1,300 | 0.0082 | 245 | 1,600 | 0.0090 | 302 | 2,000 | 0.0097 | 377 | 2,500 | 0.011 | 472 | [54]811 (2020) |
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1,000 | 0.0063 | 86 | 1,200 | 0.0067 | 103 | 1,400 | 0.0068 | 121 | 1,600 | 0.0068 | 138 | N/A |
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1,000 | 0.0063 | 8 | 1,200 | 0.0067 | 9 | 1,400 | 0.0068 | 11 | 1,600 | 0.0068 | 13 | N/A |
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1,000 | 0.0063 | 145 | 1,300 | 0.0073 | 188 | 1,600 | 0.0077 | 232 | 1,900 | 0.0081 | 275 | [35]1,111 (2018) |
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900 | 0.0057 | 52 | 1,200 | 0.0067 | 70 | 1,500 | 0.0073 | 87 | 1,800 | 0.0077 | 105 | N/A |
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900 | 0.0057 | 155 | 1,000 | 0.0056 | 172 | 1,200 | 0.0058 | 207 | 1,400 | 0.0060 | 241 | N/A |
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600 | 0.0038 | 35 | 800 | 0.0045 | 47 | 1,000 | 0.0048 | 59 | 1,200 | 0.0051 | 71 | N/A |
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700 | 0.0044 | 20,000 | 800 | 0.0045 | 22,857 | 900 | 0.0044 | 25,714 | 1,000 | 0.0043 | 28,571 | [35]772 (2018) |
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600 | 0.0038 | 1,000 | 800 | 0.0045 | 1,333 | 1,000 | 0.0048 | 1,667 | 1,200 | 0.0051 | 2,000 | N/A |
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600 | 0.0038 | 58 | 800 | 0.0045 | 78 | 1,000 | 0.0048 | 97 | 1,200 | 0.0051 | 117 | [35]3,092 (2018) |
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500 | 0.0032 | 44 | 700 | 0.0039 | 62 | 900 | 0.0044 | 80 | 1,100 | 0.0047 | 97 | N/A |
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500 | 0.0032 | 143 | 800 | 0.0045 | 229 | 1,100 | 0.0053 | 314 | 1,400 | 0.0060 | 400 | [55]270 (2020) |
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500 | 0.0032 | 45 | 1,000 | 0.0056 | 90 | 1,500 | 0.0073 | 135 | 2,000 | 0.0085 | 180 | N/A |
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400 | 0.0025 | 3,810 | 600 | 0.0034 | 5,714 | 700 | 0.0034 | 6,667 | 800 | 0.0034 | 7,619 | N/A |
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400 | 0.0025 | 66 | 700 | 0.0039 | 115 | 1,000 | 0.0048 | 164 | 1,500 | 0.0064 | 246 | [56]458 (2020) |
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300 | 0.0019 | 750 | 500 | 0.0028 | 1,250 | 700 | 0.0034 | 1,750 | 900 | 0.0038 | 2,250 | [35]202 (2018) |
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300 | 0.0019 | 6 | 500 | 0.0028 | 10 | 700 | 0.0034 | 14 | 900 | 0.0038 | 18 | N/A |
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300 | 0.0019 | 926 | 500 | 0.0028 | 1,543 | 700 | 0.0034 | 2,160 | 900 | 0.0038 | 2,778 | N/A |
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200 | 0.0013 | 69 | 300 | 0.0017 | 103 | 400 | 0.0019 | 138 | 500 | 0.0021 | 172 | [35]516 (2018) |
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200 | 0.0013 | 333 | 400 | 0.0022 | 667 | 600 | 0.0029 | 1,000 | 800 | 0.0034 | 1,333 | [57]190 (2020) |
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200 | 0.0013 | 3 | 300 | 0.0017 | 5 | 400 | 0.0019 | 6 | 500 | 0.0021 | 8 | N/A |
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200 | 0.0013 | 34 | 400 | 0.0022 | 68 | 600 | 0.0029 | 102 | 800 | 0.0034 | 136 | [58]1,552 (2020) |
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200 | 0.0013 | 14 | 400 | 0.0022 | 29 | 600 | 0.0029 | 43 | 800 | 0.0034 | 57 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 33 | 300 | 0.0017 | 100 | 500 | 0.0024 | 167 | 700 | 0.0030 | 233 | [59]137 (2020) |
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100 | 0.00063 | 1,639 | 200 | 0.0011 | 3,279 | 300 | 0.0015 | 4,918 | 400 | 0.0017 | 6,557 | [35]146 (2018) |
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100 | 0.00063 | 45 | 200 | 0.0011 | 91 | 300 | 0.0015 | 136 | 400 | 0.0017 | 182 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 1 | 200 | 0.0011 | 2 | 300 | 0.0015 | 4 | 400 | 0.0017 | 5 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 83 | 200 | 0.0011 | 167 | 300 | 0.0015 | 250 | 400 | 0.0017 | 333 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 9 | 200 | 0.0011 | 19 | 300 | 0.0015 | 28 | 400 | 0.0017 | 37 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 1 | 200 | 0.0011 | 2 | 300 | 0.0015 | 3 | 400 | 0.0017 | 4 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 15 | 200 | 0.0011 | 31 | 300 | 0.0015 | 46 | 400 | 0.0017 | 62 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 1 | 500 | 0.0028 | 5 | 1,000 | 0.0048 | 9 | 2,500 | 0.011 | 23 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 0 | 200 | 0.0011 | 1 | 300 | 0.0015 | 1 | 400 | 0.0017 | 2 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 200 | 200 | 0.0011 | 400 | 300 | 0.0015 | 600 | 400 | 0.0017 | 800 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 40 | 200 | 0.0011 | 80 | 300 | 0.0015 | 120 | 400 | 0.0017 | 160 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 1 | 200 | 0.0011 | 1 | 300 | 0.0015 | 2 | 400 | 0.0017 | 2 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 48 | 200 | 0.0011 | 95 | 300 | 0.0015 | 143 | 400 | 0.0017 | 190 | [60]72 (2020) |
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100 | 0.00063 | 4 | 200 | 0.0011 | 8 | 300 | 0.0015 | 11 | 400 | 0.0017 | 15 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 1 | 200 | 0.0011 | 2 | 300 | 0.0015 | 3 | 400 | 0.0017 | 4 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 48 | 200 | 0.0011 | 95 | 300 | 0.0015 | 143 | 400 | 0.0017 | 190 | [35]119 (2018) |
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100 | 0.00063 | 2 | 200 | 0.0011 | 4 | 300 | 0.0015 | 6 | 400 | 0.0017 | 8 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 5 | 200 | 0.0011 | 11 | 300 | 0.0015 | 16 | 400 | 0.0017 | 22 | N/A |
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100 | 0.00063 | 4 | 200 | 0.0011 | 8 | 300 | 0.0015 | 13 | 400 | 0.0017 | 17 | N/A |
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N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [61]7,261 (2020) |
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N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [35]365 (2018) |
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N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [35]215 (2018) |
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N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [35]113 (2018) |
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N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [35]53 (2018) |
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N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [41][62]49 (2020) |
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N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [35]36 (2018) |
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N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [63]22 (2020) |
![]() |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [35]30 (2018) |
![]() |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [35]22 (2018) |
![]() |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [64]47 (2020) |
![]() |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | [35]16 (2018) |
![]() |
15,782,024 | 100% | 2,000 | 17,794,400 | 100% | 2,255 | 20,687,800 | 100% | 2,621 | 23,472,400 | 100% | 2,974 | N/A |
- ^ Including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, not including the West Bank.
- ^ Figures includes France and Monaco. See: History of the Jews in France and History of the Jews in Monaco.
- ^ West Bank total population (without East Jerusalem): 2,548,700; Gaza: 1,839,900; Total: 4,388,600. The West Bank also includes 404,600 Jews and 8,600 non-Jewish members of Jewish households, for a total of 413,200 Jews and others. The Jewish population of the West Bank consists of Israeli citizens living in Israeli settlements who are treated as residents of Israel under Israeli law. The reported West Bank total of 2,961,900 includes Palestinian, Jewish and other residents.
- ^ Including the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.
- ^ Figures include mainland China and Hong Kong SAR. See: History of the Jews in China and History of the Jews in Hong Kong.
- ^ Includes Lebanon.
Remnant and vanished populations[]
The above table represents Jews that number at least a few dozen per country. Reports exist of Jewish communities remaining in other territories in the low single digits that are on the verge of disappearing, particularly in the Muslim world, as their reaction to the birth of Israel in 1948 was the persecution of Jews in nearly all Muslim lands; these are often of historical interest as they represent the remnant of much larger Jewish populations. For example, Egypt had a Jewish community of 80,000 in the early 20th century that numbered fewer than 40 as of 2014, mainly because of the forced expulsion movements to Israel and other countries at that time.[65] Afghanistan may have only one Jew left, Zablon Simintov, despite a 2,000 year history of Jewish presence.[66] In Syria, another ancient Jewish community saw mass exodus at the end of the 20th century and numbered fewer than 20 in the midst of the Syrian Civil War.[67] The size of the Jewish community in Indonesia has been variously given as 65, 100, or 18 at most over the last 50 years.[68][69] In Yemen due to the ongoing civil war, the Yemenite Jews have face persecution by the Houthis, who've demanded they convert to Islam or face mandatory expulsion from the country. The Israeli military has conducted operations evacuating the population and moving them to Israel.[70] On 28 March 2021, 13 Jews were forced by the Houthis to leave Yemen, leaving the last four elderly Jews in Yemen.[71][72] According to one report there are six Jews left in Yemen: one woman; her brother; 3 others, and Levi Salem Marahbi (who had been imprisoned for helping smuggle a Torah scroll out of Yemen).[73]
Major Jewish population centers worldwide[]
Jewish population by Metropolitan Area[]
Censuses in many countries do not record religious or ethnic background, leading to a lack of certainty on the exact numbers of Jewish population.
![]() | This list is incomplete; you can help by . (September 2014) |
City | Country | Number |
---|---|---|
New York City[74] | ![]() |
1,100,000 |
Los Angeles[75] | ![]() |
621,200 |
Jerusalem[76] | ![]() |
546,100 |
Miami[75] | ![]() |
535,000 |
Tel Aviv[76] | ![]() |
401,500 |
San Francisco Bay Area[75] | ![]() |
391,550 |
Chicago[75] | ![]() |
291,800 |
Paris[77] | ![]() |
277,000 |
Boston[75] | ![]() |
248,000 |
Rishon LeZiyyon[76] | ![]() |
229,300 |
Petah Tikva[76] | ![]() |
220,900 |
Haifa[76] | ![]() |
217,600 |
Washington, D.C.[75] | ![]() |
215,600 |
Philadelphia[75] | ![]() |
214,600 |
Ashdod[76] | ![]() |
200,400 |
Netanya[76] | ![]() |
196,300 |
Toronto[78] | ![]() |
188,710 |
Be'er Sheva[76] | ![]() |
181,000 |
Buenos Aires[77] | ![]() |
180,000 |
Ramat Gan[79] | ![]() |
175,000 |
Atlanta[75] | ![]() |
170,000 |
Moscow[80] | ![]() |
165,000 |
London[81] | ![]() |
160,000 |
San Diego[75] | ![]() |
100,000 |
Montreal[78] | ![]() |
90,780 |
Cleveland[82][83][84][85] | ![]() |
86,600 |
Denver[86] | ![]() |
83,900 |
Phoenix[87] | ![]() |
82,900 |
Las Vegas[88] | ![]() |
80,000 |
Budapest[89] | ![]() |
80,000 |
São Paulo[90] | ![]() |
75,000 |
Detroit[91] | ![]() |
71,750 |
Marseille[92] | ![]() |
70,000 |
Minneapolis-St Paul[93] | ![]() |
64,800 |
Seattle[94] | ![]() |
63,400 |
Dallas[95] | ![]() |
57,800 |
Melbourne[96] | ![]() |
55,643 |
St. Louis, Missouri[97] | ![]() |
54,500 |
Tampa[98] | ![]() |
51,100 |
Sydney[99] | ![]() |
50,000 |
Johannesburg[100] | ![]() |
50,000 |
Houston[101] | ![]() |
48,400 |
Portland[102] | ![]() |
47,500 |
Pittsburgh[103] | ![]() |
42,200 |
Saint Petersburg[80] | ![]() |
40,000 |
Rio de Janeiro[104] | ![]() |
40,000 |
Mexico City[105] | ![]() |
39,777 |
Hartford[106] | ![]() |
34,500 |
New Haven[107] | ![]() |
29,700 |
Cincinnati[108] | ![]() |
27,000 |
Vancouver[109] | ![]() |
26,255 |
Milwaukee[110] | ![]() |
25,800 |
Manchester[111] | ![]() |
25,000 |
Berlin[112] | ![]() |
25,000 |
Lyon[113] | ![]() |
25,000 |
Istanbul[114] | ![]() |
24,000 |
Toulouse[19][113] | ![]() |
23,000 |
Tucson[115][116] | ![]() |
22,900 |
Rochester[117] | ![]() |
22,500 |
Columbus[118] | ![]() |
22,500 |
Perth[119] | ![]() |
20,000 |
Montevideo[120] | ![]() |
20,000 |
Amsterdam[121] | ![]() |
20,000 |
Antwerp[122] | ![]() |
20,000 |
Brussels[123] | ![]() |
20,000 |
Nice[113] | ![]() |
20,000 |
Kansas City[124] | ![]() |
19,000 |
Orlando[125] | ![]() |
19,000 |
Kyiv[126] | ![]() |
17,900 |
Austin[127] | ![]() |
16,300 |
Strasbourg[128][113] | ![]() |
16,000 |
Cape Town[100][129] | ![]() |
16,000 |
Porto Alegre[130] | ![]() |
15,000 |
Jacksonville[131] | ![]() |
15,000 |
Panama City[132] | ![]() |
15,000 |
Providence[133] | ![]() |
14,200 |
Ottawa[78] | ![]() |
14,010 |
Winnipeg[78] | ![]() |
13,690 |
Rome[134] | ![]() |
13,000 |
Buffalo[135] | ![]() |
13,000 |
San Antonio[136] | ![]() |
12,740 |
Richmond[137] | ![]() |
12,500 |
Albany[138] | ![]() |
12,500 |
Charlotte[75] | ![]() |
12,000 |
New Orleans[139] | ![]() |
12,000 |
Munich[140][better source needed] | ![]() |
11,000 |
Nashville[141] | ![]() |
11,000 |
Frankfurt[142] | ![]() |
10,500 |
Indianapolis[143] | ![]() |
10,000 |
Córdoba[111] | ![]() |
9,000 |
Stockholm[144] | ![]() |
9,000 |
Louisville[145] | ![]() |
8,700 |
Calgary[78] | ![]() |
8,335 |
Milan[134] | ![]() |
8,000 |
Rosario[111] | ![]() |
8,000 |
Leeds[146] | ![]() |
8,000 |
Grenoble[113] | ![]() |
8,000 |
Vienna[147] | ![]() |
7,000 |
Chapel Hill[75] | ![]() |
6,000 |
Raleigh[75] | ![]() |
6,000 |
Zurich[148] | ![]() |
6,000 |
Edmonton[78] | ![]() |
5,550 |
Birmingham[149] | ![]() |
5,300 |
Hong Kong[150] | ![]() |
5,000 |
El Paso[151] | ![]() |
5,000 |
Madison[152] | ![]() |
5,000 |
Santa Fe[111] | ![]() |
5,000 |
Bogotá[153] | ![]() |
5,500 |
Metz[113] | ![]() |
4,000 |
Nancy[113] | ![]() |
4,000 |
Dayton[154] | ![]() |
4,000 |
Toledo[154] | ![]() |
3,900 |
Glasgow[155] | ![]() |
3,500 |
Youngstown[156] | ![]() |
3,200 |
Prague[157] | ![]() |
3,000 |
Greensboro[158] | ![]() |
3,000 |
Durban[100] | ![]() |
2,700 |
Chișinău[159] | ![]() |
2,649 |
Bucharest[160] | ![]() |
2,481 |
Brisbane[161] | ![]() |
2,195 |
Curitiba[162] | ![]() |
1,774 |
Belo Horizonte[162] | ![]() |
1,714 |
İzmir[163] | ![]() |
1,500 |
Pretoria[100] | ![]() |
1,500 |
Dublin[164] | ![]() |
1,439 |
Recife[165] | ![]() |
1,300 |
Helsinki[166] | ![]() |
1,200 |
Montgomery[167] | ![]() |
1,200 |
Brasília[168] | ![]() |
1,103 |
Florence[134] | ![]() |
1,000 |
Casablanca[169] | ![]() |
1,000 |
Asunción[170] | ![]() |
1,000 |
Guadalajara[171] | ![]() |
900 |
Bratislava[172] | ![]() |
800 |
Monterrey[173] | ![]() |
500 |
Jewish population by towns and villages as a percentage of total population[]
List does not include cities in Israel.
City | Country | Percent | Number |
---|---|---|---|
Qırmızı Qəsəbə[174] | ![]() |
100 | 3,300 |
Kiryas Joel[175] | ![]() |
99 | 22,000 |
Deal[citation needed] | ![]() |
91 | 600 |
Beachwood[176] | ![]() |
90.4 | 10,700 |
Hampstead[177] | ![]() |
74.2 | 5,170 |
Great Neck[178] | ![]() |
71 | 28,700 |
Côte-Saint-Luc[179] | ![]() |
69.1 | 20,146 |
Lakewood[180] | ![]() |
59 | 59,607 |
Teaneck[181] | ![]() |
50 | 18,000 |
Livingston[citation needed] | ![]() |
46 | 12,600 |
Caulfield North[182] | ![]() |
41.4 | 6,319 |
Caulfield South[183] | ![]() |
33.9 | 4,008 |
Rose Bay[184] | ![]() |
27.3 | 2,744 |
Sarcelles[185] | ![]() |
25 | 15,000 |
Mercer Island[186] | ![]() |
25 | 5,000 |
St Kilda East[187] | ![]() |
24.8 | 3,246 |
Créteil[188] | ![]() |
24.4 | 22,000 |
Vaucluse[189] | ![]() |
23.2 | 2,163 |
Westmount[190] | ![]() |
23.2 | 4,495 |
Bellevue Hill[191] | ![]() |
21.4 | 2,300 |
Dollard-des-Ormeaux[192] | ![]() |
21.1 | 10,115 |
Vaughan[193] | ![]() |
18.2 | 33,090 |
Elsternwick[194] | ![]() |
17.8 | 1,846 |
Montreal West[195] | ![]() |
13.8 | 710 |
Newton, Massachusetts[196] | ![]() |
21 | 18,000 |
New York City[197] | ![]() |
18 | 1,540,000 |
Bondi[198] | ![]() |
12.7 | 1,272 |
Los Angeles[197] | ![]() |
12.5 | 519,000 |
Mount Royal[199] | ![]() |
12.0 | 2,205 |
Marseille[200] | ![]() |
9 | 70,000 |
Buenos Aires[201] | ![]() |
8.22 | 244,000 |
Newton Mearns[202] | ![]() |
5.98 | 1,431 |
Philadelphia[203][failed verification] | ![]() |
4.89 | 276,000 |
Toronto[204] | ![]() |
4.21 | 103,500 |
San Jose, California[205] | ![]() |
4 | 40,000 |
See also[]
References[]
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External links[]
- Israelbooks.com The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Annual Assessment 2004–2005: Between Thriving and Decline. Gefen Publishing House.
- Publications on Jewish population at the Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner
- Jewish Population and Migration, by YIVO Encyclopedia
- Jews by country
- Lists of countries