Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

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Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand Liberation Front
Abbreviation	JMM
Leader	Hemant Soren
President	Shibu Soren
Secretary
Lok Sabha leader
Rajya Sabha leader	Shibu Soren
Founder	Binod Bihari Mahato, Shibu Soren, Arun Kumar Roy
Founded	15 November 1972; 49 years ago (1972-11-15)
Headquarters	Bariatu Road, Ranchi, Jharkhand – 834008
Student wing	Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha
Youth wing	Jharkhand Yuva Morcha
Women's wing	Jharkhand Mahila Morcha
Colours	Green
ECI Status	State Party[1]
Alliance	United Progressive Alliance (2013 — Present)
Seats in Lok Sabha	1 / 543 [2]
Seats in Rajya Sabha	1 / 245 [2]
Seats in Jharkhand Legislative Assembly	30 / 81
Number of states and union territories in government	1 / 31
Election symbol
Website
jmmjharkhand.in
Politics of India Political parties Elections

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (lit. Jharkhand Liberation Front; abbr. JMM) is a State political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand which was founded by Binod Bihari Mahato.^[3] It has one seat in the 17th Lok Sabha. Shibu Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring of states. Its election symbol for Jharkhand is Bow and Arrow.^[4]

The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.^[5] The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.^[6]

Formation[]

For almost six decades the movement for formation of Jharkhand from Bihar had been changing colour and strategy to gain a foothold. The Jharkhand Party grew politically stronger but the commissions examining the demands for a separate Jharkhand State rejected these demands every time. Despite the reports of these commissions deciding against them, the Jharkhand Party never lost sight of its ultimate target: a separate state of Jharkhand. Till 1962 Jharkhand Party won between 23–32 seats in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Post 1962 the Jharkhand Party aligned with Indian National Congress and Jaipal Singh became a minister in Vinodanand Jha's government in Bihar. With this, the demand for the Tribal Homeland was put on hold for nearly a decade.

At the 4th General Election held in 1967 the party had a very poor showing with only eight Assembly seats. The party soon split into several splinter groups each claiming to be the genuine Jharkhand Party. These were – the Jharkhand Party led by N.E. Horo, the Jharkhand Party led by Naren, All India Jharkhand Party led by Bagun Sumroi, the Hul Jharkhand Party led by Justin Richard which further fragmented and came to be called the Bihar Progressive Hul Jharkhand Party and it was led by Shibu Soren.

Binod Bihari Mahato founded "Shivaji Samaj" in 1967. Santhal leader Shibu Soren founded the ‘Sonat Santhali Samaj’ in 1969. The Party was founded by Binod Bihari Mahato, the leader of ‘Shivajee Samaj’, Shibu Soren and Marxist Co ordination leader Comrade Dr. A. K. Roy. The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.^[7]

On 4 February 1973 Binod Bihari Mahto became the President and Shibu Soren as General Secretary of the party. The prominent party leaders at that time were: Comrade A. K. Roy (Party Secretary-Society of Industrial and Coal Laborers), Martyr Nirmal Mahto (prominent Trade Union Movement leader) and Tek Lal Mahto, among others.

Early years[]

In its early years, the JMM under Soren's leadership brought industrial and mining workers who were mainly non-tribals belonging to the Dalit and Backward communities such as Surdis, Doms, Dusadh and Kudumi Mahato into its fold. However Soren's association with the late congress M.P. Gyanranjan brought him close to the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi in New Delhi. He won the Dumka Lok Sabha seat in 1972. Irked by Soren's association with the Indian National Congress, a few of the younger members of the JMM banded together in Jamshedpur and set up the All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU). This did not affect the growth of the JMM in the 1991 Indian general election where the JMM won six seats.

Ram Dayal Munda reignited the movement for Jharkhand by unifying splinter groups among the tribals. Under his guidance the Jharkhand Coordination Committee was constituted in June 1987, comprising 48 organisations and group including the JMM factions. Due to Ram Dayal Munda, Shibu Soren, Suraj Mandal, Simon Marandi, Shailendra Mahato, and AJSU leaders like Surya Singh Besra and Prabhakar Tirkey briefly shared a political platform, but the JMM pulled out of JCC as it felt that 'the collective leadership was a farce'. The JMM/AJSU and JPP successfully orchestrated so-called bandhs, economic blockades in 1988–89 in the interim.

Jharkhand Yuva Morcha[]

Jharkhand Yuva Morcha (Jharkhand Youth Front), And Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha (Jharkhand Student Front) the youth and student wing of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, was constituted at a conference in Ranchi 16 October 1991.

List of Chief Ministers[]

Following is the list of the Chief Ministers of Jharkhand from Jharkhand Mukti Morcha since the formation of the state on 9 November 2000:

№	Chief Minister	Portrait	Term in Office			Assembly	Constituency
			Start	End	Tenure
1	Shibu Soren		2 March 2005	12 March 2005	308 days	2nd Assembly
			27 August 2008	19 January 2009
			30 December 2009	1 June 2010		3rd Assembly
2	Hemant Soren		13 July 2013	28 December 2014	1 year, 168 days	3rd Assembly	Dumka
			29 December 2019	Incumbent	2 years, 37 days	5th Assembly	Barhait

References[]

External links[]

• Soren stakes claim to form Jharkhand government – TCN News