John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley
The Earl of Kimberley KG KP PC DL | |
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![]() Carte de visite showing the Earl of Kimberley, ca. 1868. | |
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | |
In office 10 March 1894 – 21 June 1895 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister | The Earl of Rosebery |
Preceded by | The Earl of Rosebery |
Succeeded by | The Marquess of Salisbury |
Leader of the House of Lords Lord President of the Council | |
In office 18 August 1892 – 5 March 1894 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone |
Preceded by | The Marquess of Salisbury (Leader of Lords) The Earl of Cranbrook (President of Council) |
Succeeded by | The Earl of Rosebery |
Secretary of State for India | |
In office 18 August 1892 – 10 March 1894 | |
Monarch | Victoria |
Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone |
Preceded by | The Viscount Cross |
Succeeded by | Henry Fowler |
In office 6 February 1886 – 20 July 1886 | |
Monarch | Victoria |
Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone |
Preceded by | Lord Randolph Churchill |
Succeeded by | The Viscount Cross |
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | |
In office 25 July 1882 – 28 December 1882 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone |
Preceded by | John Bright |
Succeeded by | John George Dodson |
Secretary of State for the Colonies | |
In office 21 April 1880 – 16 December 1882 | |
Monarch | Victoria |
Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone |
Preceded by | Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt. |
Succeeded by | The Earl of Derby |
In office 6 July 1870 – 17 February 1874 | |
Monarch | Victoria |
Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone |
Preceded by | The Earl Granville |
Succeeded by | The Earl of Carnarvon |
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal | |
In office 9 December 1868 – 6 July 1870 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone |
Preceded by | The Earl of Malmesbury |
Succeeded by | The Viscount Halifax |
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland | |
In office 1 November 1864 – 13 July 1866 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister | The Earl Russell |
Preceded by | The Earl of Carlisle |
Succeeded by | The Marquess of Abercorn |
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for India | |
In office 25 April 1864 – 16 November 1864 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister | The Viscount Palmerston |
Preceded by | Hon. Thomas Baring |
Succeeded by | Lord Dufferin and Clandeboye |
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | |
In office 19 June 1859 – 15 August 1861 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister | The Earl of Aberdeen The Viscount Palmerston |
Preceded by | William Vesey-FitzGerald |
Succeeded by | Austen Henry Layard |
In office 28 December 1852 – 5 July 1856 | |
Monarch | Queen Victoria |
Prime Minister | The Earl of Aberdeen The Viscount Palmerston |
Preceded by | Lord Stanley |
Succeeded by | The Earl of Shelburne |
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | |
In office 8 January 1847 – 8 April 1902 Hereditary Peerage | |
Preceded by | The 2nd Lord Wodehouse |
Succeeded by | The 2nd Earl of Kimberley |
Personal details | |
Born | Wymondham | 7 January 1826
Died | 8 April 1902 London | (aged 76)
Nationality | British |
Political party | Liberal Party |
Spouse(s) | Lady Florence FitzGibbon (d. 1895) |
Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley KG KP PC DL (7 January 1826 – 8 April 1902), known as The Lord Wodehouse from 1846 to 1866, was a British Liberal politician. He held office in every Liberal administration from 1852 to 1895, notably as Secretary of State for the Colonies and as Foreign Secretary.
Early life and education[]
Kimberley was born in 1826 in Wymondham, Norfolk, the eldest son of the Hon. Henry Wodehouse (1799–1834) and grandson of John Wodehouse, 2nd Baron Wodehouse.[1] His mother was Anne Gurdon (d. 1880), daughter of Theophilus Thornhagh Gurdon. In 1846 he succeeded his grandfather as third Baron Wodehouse. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he took a first-class degree in classics in 1847.[1][2]
Early career (1852–1874)[]
He was by inheritance a Liberal in politics, and in 1852–1856 and 1859–1861 he was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in Lord Aberdeen's and Lord Palmerston's ministries. In the interval (1856–1858) he had been envoy-extraordinary to Russia; and in 1863 he was sent on a special mission to Copenhagen in the hope of finding a solution to the Schleswig-Holstein question. However, the mission was a failure.[1]
In 1864 Kimberley became Under-Secretary of State for India, but towards the end of the year was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In that capacity, he had to grapple with the first manifestations of Fenianism, and in recognition of his services, he was created Earl of Kimberley in 1866. In July 1866 he vacated his office with the fall of Lord Russell's ministry, but in 1868 he became Lord Privy Seal in Gladstone's cabinet, and in July 1870 was transferred from that post to be Secretary of State for the Colonies. It was the moment of the great diamond discoveries in southern Africa, and the town of Kimberley in the Cape Colony was named after him.[1] Lord Kimberley has been credited with the change in British policy towards the independent Malay states that led to the signing of the Pangkor Treaty of 1874, after which British political agents known as Residents were placed in the Malay states as advisors to the rulers.[3]
Later career (1875–1902)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/1st_Earl_of_Kimberley_1897.jpg/200px-1st_Earl_of_Kimberley_1897.jpg)
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After an interval in opposition from 1874 to 1880, Lord Kimberley returned to the Colonial Office in Gladstone's next ministry. He was in that office when responsible government was granted to Cape Colony, British Columbia was added to the Dominion of Canada and during the First Boer War. At the end of 1882 he exchanged this office first for that of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and then for the secretaryship of state for India, a post he retained during the remainder of Gladstone's tenure of power (1882–1885, 1886, 1892–1894), though in 1892–1894 he combined with it that of the lord presidency of the council.[1]
In Lord Rosebery's cabinet (1894–1895) he was Foreign Secretary. During this time he signed the landmark Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation. Sir Edward Grey who served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary under Kimberley at the Foreign Office portrays him unfavourably as prolix and prone to irrelevant digressions in conversation although concise, definite and clear on paper.[4] However, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, "As leader of the Liberal party in the House of Lords he acted with undeviating dignity, and in opposition, he was a courteous antagonist and a critic of weight and experience".[5]
Other public positions[]
On 5 April 1850, he joined the Canterbury Association, formed to establish a colony (in the later Canterbury region) on the South Island of New Zealand.[citation needed]
Lord Kimberley took interest in education, and after being for many years a member of the senate of the University of London, he became its chancellor in 1899.[1]
Family[]
Lord Kimberley married Lady Florence FitzGibbon (d. 1895), daughter of , on 16 August 1847.[2] They had three children:
- John Wodehouse, 2nd Earl of Kimberley (10 Dec 1848 - 7 Jan 1932)
- Lady Alice Wodehouse (17 Dec 1850 - 8 Jan 1937) married Hussey Packe, son of George Hussey Packe on 14 August 1872. They had two children, Sir Edward, and Florence the wife of Lt.-Col. Cuthbert James.
- Hon. Armine Wodehouse (24 Sep 1860 - 1 May 1901)
He died at 35 Lowndes Square in London (now the High Commission of Pakistan) on 8 April 1902,[2] aged 76, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son, John.[1] His more distant relations include the writer P. G. Wodehouse.[citation needed]
Ancestry[]
showAncestors of John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley |
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Memorials[]
The following places were named after the 1st Earl of Kimberley:
- the Kimberley region of Western Australia;
- Kimberley, a town in South Africa and;
- Kimberley, New Zealand, a hamlet of in the Selwyn District.[31]
- Kimberley Road[32] and Kimberley Street in Hong Kong
- Kimberley Street, George Town, Penang, Malaysia[citation needed]
- Kimberley Park, Falmouth, Cornwall
- County of Kimberley, a cadastral unit in South Australia.[33]
Notes[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Chisholm 1911, pp. 798–799.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Bain 2007, p. 92.
- ^ Swettenham, Frank (1941). Footprints in Malaya. London, New York, Melbourne: Hutchinson & Co. p. 32.
- ^ Viscount Grey, Twenty Five Years, 1892–1916 (London, 1925) p.18.
- ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 799.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Cokayne (1892) p. 337
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cokayne (1892), p. 336
- ^ Jump up to: a b Burke and Burke (1847), p. 514
- ^ Cokayne (1892), p. 337 ; of Witton Park and Witchingham, Norfolk.
- ^ Wroth (1895), p. 137 ; founder of the Norrisian Professorship at Cambridge.
- ^ Burke and Burke (1847), p. 515 ; later Brampton Gurdon Dillingham ; Sheriff of Norfolk in 1789, died in 1820.
- ^ Burke and Burke (1847), p. 515 ; his first wife.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Biography of William Mellish (1708-1791)", nottingham.ac.uk - The University of Nottingham. (Accessed 4 September 2014).
- ^ Hunter (1895), p. 978
- ^ Crisp (1911), p. 116 ; daughter of John Gore of Bushill, Middlesex.
- ^ Cokayne (1892), p. 336 ; daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon, 6th Bart.
- ^ Cokayne, (1892), p. 336 ; daughter of Col. John West.
- ^ Wroth (1895), p. 137.
- ^ Wroth (1895), p. 137 ; only gives surname.
- ^ Burke (1858), p. 182 ; daughter of Thomas Carthew, JP, of Benacre Hall and Woodbridge Abbey.
- ^ Collins (1779), p. 49 ; daughter of "Brigadier-General Price".
- ^ Wright (1836), p. 252 ; daughter of Major-General John Price (died 1747 at Breda) and his wife, a daughter of Matthew Martin of Wivenhoe.
- ^ Burke and Burke (1847), p. 515 ; died 1783.
- ^ Burke and Burke (1847), p. 515 ; daughter of Theophilus Dillingham of Shelton, Buckinghamshire.
- ^ Burke and Burke (1847), p. 515 ; of Ditchingham.
- ^ Crisp (1911), p. 116 ; daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon of Gillingham, Norfolk, Baronet.
- ^ Foster (1895), p. 978 ; of Doncaster and Blythe ; son of Samuel Mellish of Doncaster, JP and DL for Yorkshire.
- ^ Foster (1895), p. 978 ; daughter of Sir William Gore, Alderman of London and Lord Mayor.
- ^ Familiae Minorum Gentium, p. 978 ; son of Sir William Gore.
- ^ R.R. Sedgwick, "Gore, John (c.1689-1763), of Bush Hill, Mdx.", The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1715–1754, ed. R. Sedgwick, 1970 ; daughter of Sir Jeremy Sambrooke of North Mimms, Hertfordshire.
- ^ Bain 2007, pp. 92–93.
- ^ Bloomfield, Frena (1984). Hong Kong's Street Names and Their Origins. Vol.1. Urban Council, Hong Kong. ASIN B000HZIVAE. OCLC 320407030. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014.
|volume=
has extra text (help) - ^ Manning, Geoffrey. "South Australian Names - K" (PDF). Manning Index of South Australian History. State Library of South Australia. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
References[]
- Bain, Rev. Michael (2007). The Canterbury Association (1848–1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections (PDF). Christchurch: Project Canterbury. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
- Burke and Burke (1847). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 1 (London: Henry Colburn).
- Burke, J.B. (1858). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Harrison).
- Hunter, J. and Clay, J.W. (ed.) (1895). Familiae Minorum Gentium, volume 3. (London: Harleian Society).
- Cokayne, G.E. (1892). Complete Peerage, 1st edition, volume 4 (London: George Bell and Sons; Exeter: William Pollard & Co.)
- Collins, A. (1779). [books.google.co.uk/books?id=zfk-AQAAMAAJ The Peerage of England], 5th edition, volume 6.
- Crisp, F.A. (1911). Visitation of England and Wales: Notes, volume 9 (printed privately).
- Wright, T. (1836). The History and Topography of the County of Essex, volume 1.
- Wroth, W.W. (1895). "Norris, John (1754-1777)", Dictionary of National Biography, volume 41.
Attribution:
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kimberley, John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 798–799. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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