Johnson City, Tennessee

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Johnson City, Tennessee
City
City of Johnson City
Downtown Johnson City
Downtown Johnson City
Official logo of Johnson City, Tennessee
Logo
Location of Johnson City in Carter, Sullivan and Washington Counties, Tennessee.
Location of Johnson City in Carter, Sullivan and Washington Counties, Tennessee.
Johnson City, Tennessee is located in Tennessee
Johnson City, Tennessee
Johnson City, Tennessee
Location of Johnson City in Tennessee
Coordinates: 36°20′N 82°22′W / 36.333°N 82.367°W / 36.333; -82.367Coordinates: 36°20′N 82°22′W / 36.333°N 82.367°W / 36.333; -82.367
CountryUnited States
StateTennessee
CountiesWashington
Founded1856
Incorporated1869[1]
Founded byHenry Johnson
Government
 • TypeCouncil-manager government
 • MayorJoe Wise (I)[2]
 • Vice MayorDr. Todd Fowler
 • City ManagerM. Denis "Pete" Peterson
 • City CommissionersJenny Brock
Aaron T. Murphy
John Hunter
Area
[3]
 • City43.60 sq mi (112.93 km2)
 • Land43.28 sq mi (112.10 km2)
 • Water0.32 sq mi (0.83 km2)
Elevation
1,634 ft (498 m)
Population
 (2020)
71,046
 • Density1,545.78/sq mi (596.82/km2)
 • Metro
198,716[4]
 • CSA
508,260 (88th)[4]
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
37601-37604, 37614, 37615 & 37684
Area code(s)423
FIPS code47-38320[5]
GNIS feature ID1328579[6]
Websitewww.johnsoncitytn.org

Johnson City is a city in Washington, Carter, and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee, mostly in Washington County. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 71,046, making it the eighth largest city in Tennessee.[7] Johnson City is the principal city of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which covers Carter, Unicoi, and Washington counties[8] and had a combined population of 200,966 as of 2013.[9] The MSA is also a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, Tennessee–Virginia Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. This CSA is the fifth-largest in Tennessee with an estimated 500,530 residents.[10]

History[]

William Bean, traditionally recognized as Tennessee's first settler, built his cabin along Boone's Creek near Johnson City in 1769.[11] In the 1780s, Colonel John Tipton (1730–1813) established a farm (now the Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site) just outside what is now Johnson City. During the State of Franklin movement, Tipton was a leader of the loyalist faction, residents of the region who wanted to remain part of North Carolina rather than form a separate state. In February 1788, an armed engagement took place at Tipton's farm between Tipton and his men and the forces led by John Sevier, the leader of the Franklin faction.[12]

Founded in 1856 by Henry Johnson as a railroad station called "Johnson's Depot",[13] Johnson City became a major rail hub for the Southeast, as three railway lines crossed in the downtown area.[14] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Johnson City served as headquarters for the narrow gauge East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad (the ET&WNC, nicknamed "Tweetsie") and the standard gauge Clinchfield Railroad. Both rail systems featured excursion trips through scenic portions of the Blue Ridge Mountains and were engineering marvels of railway construction. The Southern Railway (now Norfolk Southern) also passes through the city.[15]

During the American Civil War, before it was formally incorporated in 1869, the name of the town was briefly changed to "Haynesville" in honor of Confederate Senator Landon Carter Haynes.[16] Henry Johnson's name was quickly restored following the war, with Johnson elected as the city's first mayor on January 3, 1870. The town grew rapidly from 1870 until 1890 as railroad and mining interests flourished. However, the national depression of 1893, which caused many railway failures (including the Charleston, Cincinnati and Chicago Railroad or "3-Cs", a predecessor of the Clinchfield) and a resulting financial panic, halted Johnson City's boom town momentum.[17]

In 1901, the Mountain Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (now the U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Center and National Cemetery), Mountain Home, Tennessee[18][19] was created by an act of Congress introduced by Walter P. Brownlow. Construction on this 450-acre (1.8 km2) campus, which was designed to serve disabled Civil War veterans, was completed in 1903 at a cost of $3 million. Before the completion of this facility, the assessed value of the entire town was listed at $750,000. The East Tennessee State Normal School was authorized in 1911 and the new college campus directly across from the National Soldiers Home.[citation needed] Johnson City began growing rapidly and became the fifth-largest city in Tennessee by 1930.[20]

Together with neighboring Bristol, Johnson City was a hotbed for old-time music. It hosted noteworthy Columbia Records recording sessions in 1928 known as the Johnson City Sessions. Native son "Fiddlin' Charlie" Bowman became a national recording star via these sessions.[21] The Fountain Square area in downtown featured a host of local and traveling street entertainers including Blind Lemon Jefferson.

During the 1920s and the Prohibition era, Johnson City's ties to the bootlegging activity of the Appalachian Mountains earned the city the nickname of "Little Chicago".[22] Stories persist that the town was one of several distribution centers for Chicago gang boss Al Capone during Prohibition. Capone had a well-organized distribution network within the southern United States for alcohol smuggling; it shipped his products from the mountain distillers to northern cities. Capone was, according to local lore, a part-time resident of Montrose Court, a luxury apartment complex now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[citation needed]

For many years, the city had a municipal "privilege tax" on carnival shows, in an attempt to dissuade traveling circuses and other transient entertainment businesses from doing business in town.[23] The use of drums by merchants to draw attention to their goods is prohibited. Title Six, Section 106 of the city's municipal code, the so-called "Barney Fife" ordinance, empowers the city's police force to draft into involuntary service as many of the town's citizens as necessary to aid police in making arrests and in preventing or quelling any riot, unlawful assembly or breach of peace.[24]

Geography[]

View of midtown Johnson City

Johnson City is in northeastern Washington County at

 WikiMiniAtlas
36°20′N 82°22′W / 36.333°N 82.367°W / 36.333; -82.367 (36.3354, -82.3728),[25] with smaller parts extending north into Sullivan County and east into Carter County. Johnson City shares a contiguous southeastern border with Elizabethton. Johnson City also shares a small contiguous border with Kingsport to the far north along I-26 and a slightly longer one with Bluff City to the northeast along US 11E.[citation needed]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 43.3 square miles (112.1 km2), of which 42.9 square miles (111.2 km2) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.8 km2), or 0.75 percent, is water.

The steep mountains, rolling hills, and valleys surrounding the region are part of the Appalachian Ridge-and-Valley Province, and Johnson City is just west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Roan Mountain, with an elevation of over 6,000 feet (1,800 m), is approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the southeast of the city. Buffalo Mountain, a ridge over 2,700 feet (820 m) high, is the location of a city park on the south side of town. The Watauga River arm of Boone Lake, a Tennessee Valley Authority reservoir, is partly within the city limits. The Nolichucky River flows 12 miles (19 km) to the south of Johnson City. Whitewater rafting and kayaking opportunities exist 20 miles (32 km) south of Johnson City where that river flows from the North Carolina state line near Erwin.[citation needed][26]

Climate[]

Johnson City has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with warm summers and cool winters. Temperatures in Johnson City are moderated somewhat by its elevation and proximity to the Appalachian Mountains. Precipitation is abundant, with an average of 45.22 in (1,149 mm). Summer is typically the wettest part of the year, while early autumn is considerably drier. Snowfall is moderate and sporadic, with an average of 15.6 in (40 cm).

hideClimate data for Johnson City, Tennessee
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 78
(26) 		80
(27) 		83
(28) 		89
(32) 		94
(34) 		102
(39) 		99
(37) 		99
(37) 		97
(36) 		90
(32) 		84
(29) 		76
(24) 		99
(37)
Average high °F (°C) 45
(7) 		50
(10) 		59
(15) 		68
(20) 		76
(24) 		83
(28) 		86
(30) 		85
(29) 		79
(26) 		69
(21) 		59
(15) 		48
(9) 		67
(19)
Average low °F (°C) 25
(−4) 		28
(−2) 		34
(1) 		42
(6) 		51
(11) 		60
(16) 		64
(18) 		63
(17) 		55
(13) 		44
(7) 		35
(2) 		28
(−2) 		44
(7)
Record low °F (°C) −21
(−29) 		−12
(−24) 		−1
(−18) 		20
(−7) 		28
(−2) 		39
(4) 		46
(8) 		43
(6) 		34
(1) 		22
(−6) 		11
(−12) 		−9
(−23) 		−21
(−29)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.42
(87) 		3.69
(94) 		3.59
(91) 		3.50
(89) 		4.44
(113) 		4.56
(116) 		5.44
(138) 		4.15
(105) 		3.03
(77) 		2.44
(62) 		3.34
(85) 		3.62
(92) 		45.22
(1,149)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 5.2
(13) 		4.2
(11) 		2.3
(5.8) 		0.4
(1.0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.9
(2.3) 		2.6
(6.6) 		15.6
(40)
Average relative humidity (%) 59.0 71.5 69.0 67.0 69.5 73.0 75.0 76.5 76.5 74.0 68.5 69.5 74.0
Source 1: [27]
Source 2: [28]

Demographics[]

Condominium development in North Johnson City
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1880685—
18904,161507.4%
19004,64511.6%
19108,50283.0%
192012,44246.3%
193025,080101.6%
194025,3321.0%
195027,86410.0%
196031,18711.9%
197033,7708.3%
198039,75317.7%
199049,38124.2%
200055,46912.3%
201063,15213.9%
202071,04612.5%

As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 55,469 people, 23,720 households, and 14,018 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,412.4 per square mile. There were 25,730 housing units at an average density of 655.1 per square mile (253.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.09 percent white, 6.40 percent African American, 0.26% Native American, 1.22 percent Asian, 0.02 percent Pacific Islander, 0.69 percent from other races, and 1.32 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.89 percent of the population.

There were 23,720 households, out of which 25.0 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1 percent were married couples living together, 11.6 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9 percent were non-families. 33.9 percent of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20, and the average family size was 2.82.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.8 percent under the age of 18, 13.7 percent from 18 to 24, 28.1 percent from 25 to 44, 22.5 percent from 45 to 64, and 15.9 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,835, and the median income for a family was $40,977. Males had a median income of $31,326 versus $22,150 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,364. About 11.4 percent of families and 15.9 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9 percent of those under age 18 and 12.7 percent of those age 65 or over.

Economy[]

Mountain Dew traces its origins to the city.

Johnson City is an economic hub largely fueled by East Tennessee State University and the medical "Med-Tech" corridor,[16] anchored by the Johnson City Medical Center, Franklin Woods Community Hospital, ETSU's Gatton College of Pharmacy and ETSU's Quillen College of Medicine.

The popular citrus soda Mountain Dew traces its origins to Johnson City. In July 2012, PepsiCo announced a new malt-flavored version of the drink named Mountain Dew Johnson City Gold in honor of the city. The drink was test marketed in the Chicago metropolitan area, Denver, and Charlotte, beginning in late August.[29]

Johnson City and its metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of US$9.1 billion in 2019.[30]

Major companies headquartered in Johnson City[]

  • American Water Heater Company (owned by A.O. Smith Corp.)
  • Advanced Call Center Technologies
  • Cantech Industries
  • General Shale Brick LLC
  • LPI, Inc.
  • Mayes Brothers Tool Mfg
  • Moody Dunbar, Inc.
  • Mullican Flooring
  • R.A. Colby, Inc.
  • TPI Corporation

Other companies[]

  • JD Squared, manufacturer of tube and pipe benders and other fabrication tools
  • Publix, regional grocery store[31]
Top employers in Johnson City[32]
Ballad Health (formerly Mountain States Health Alliance) 3541
East Tennessee State University 1990
Citi Commerce Solutions 1700
Washington County School System 1275
James H. Quillen VA Medical Center 1259
American Water Heater Company 1194
AT&T Mobility (formerly Cingular) 1000

Arts and culture[]

Monument of Chief Junaluska in Metro-Kiwanis Park, Johnson City
Founders Park in fall.

Shopping[]

As a regional hub for a four-state area, Johnson City is home to a large variety of retail business, from well-known national chains to local boutiques and galleries.

The Mall at Johnson City is the city's only enclosed shopping mall. California-based Forever 21 opened an XXI Forever flagship store on the mall's upper level, and Express opened in late 2010. The nearby Target Center houses Target, T.J.Maxx, Books-A-Million, and Pier One.

Much of the new retail development is in North Johnson City, along State of Franklin Road. Johnson City Crossings is the largest of these developments and houses Michael's, Ross, Old Navy, Bed Bath and Beyond, Shoe Carnival, and more. On the other side of the highway are retailers Kohl's, Lowe's, Sam's Club and Barnes & Noble.

Points of interest[]

The Pavilion at Founder's Park hosts the local Farmer's Market

Sports[]

Several Minor League Baseball teams have been based in Johnson City. Professional baseball was first played in the city by the Johnson City Soldiers in the Southeastern League in 1910.[35] The city's longest-running team was the Johnson City Cardinals, who played in the Appalachian League as the Rookie affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals from 1975 to 2020.[35] In conjunction with a contraction of Minor League Baseball beginning with the 2021 season, the Appalachian League was reorganized as a collegiate summer baseball league, and the Cardinals were replaced by the Johnson City Doughboys, a new franchise in the revamped league designed for rising college freshman and sophomores.[36][37]

Government[]

In the United States House of Representatives, Johnson City is represented by Republican Diana Harshbarger of the 1st district.

Johnson City is run by a five-person board of commissioners:[38]

  • Mayor: Joe Wise
  • Vice Mayor: Todd Fowler
    Downtown at sunset
  • Commissioner: Jenny Brock
  • Commissioner: Aaron T. Murphy
  • Commissioner: John Hunter

The city manager is M. Denis "Pete" Peterson.[39]

Education[]

Colleges and universities[]

East Tennessee State University has around 16,000 students in addition to a K-12 University School, a laboratory school of about 540 students.[40] University School was the first laboratory school in the nation to adopt a year-round academic schedule.[41]

Milligan College (which changed its named to Milligan University in June, 2020) is just outside the city limits in Carter County, and has about 1,200 students in undergraduate and graduate programs.

Northeast State Community College is renovating a building in downtown Johnson City for use as a new satellite teaching site.[42]

Tusculum College has a center on the north side of Johnson City in the Boones Creek area.

Johnson City School System[]

Elementary schools

  • Cherokee Elementary
  • Fairmont Elementary
  • Lake Ridge Elementary
  • Mt. View Elementary
  • North Side Elementary
  • South Side Elementary
  • Towne Acres Elementary
  • Woodland Elementary

Intermediate schools

  • Indian Trail Intermediate (formerly Middle) School

Middle schools

  • Liberty Bell Middle School

High schools

  • Science Hill High School

Private schools[]

  • Ashley Academy (PreK-8)
  • St. Mary's (K-8)
  • Providence Academy (K-12)
  • Tri-Cities Christian Schools (PreK-12)
  • University School (K-12) [43]

Infrastructure[]

Transportation[]

The transit center in downtown Johnson City

Johnson City is served by Tri-Cities Regional Airport (IATA Code TRI) and Johnson City Airport (0A4) in Watauga.

Interstate highways[]

  • I-26.svg Interstate 26

Johnson City is bisected by Interstate 26, which connects the city to Kingsport to the north and Asheville, North Carolina, and Spartanburg, South Carolina, to the south. Interstate 81 intersects I-26 a 16 miles (26 km) northwest of the city center and carries drivers to Knoxville to the southwest and Bristol to the northeast.

Major federal and state routes[]

  • U.S. Route 19W runs through the city, signed partially on I-26, before joining 19E near Bluff City en route to Bristol.
  • U.S. Route 11E connects Johnson City to Jonesborough and Greeneville to the southwest, and reunites with 11W to the northeast in Bristol before continuing on to Roanoke, Virginia. In Johnson City, route 11E forms a concurrency with North Roan Street, a major artery in the city.
  • U.S. Route 321, also partially on the 11E route, connects Johnson City to Elizabethton (forming a high-speed, limited-access freeway) before continuing on to Hickory and Gastonia, North Carolina.
  • U.S. Route 23 is concurrent with I-26 from North Carolina, through Johnson City, and north to the I-26 terminus in Kingsport.

Public transport[]

Johnson City Transit (JCT) operates a system of buses inside the city limits, including a route every fifteen minutes along Roan Street. Main transit routes operate 6:15 a.m. to 6:15 p.m. Monday through Friday, and 8:15 a.m. to 5:15 p.m. on Saturdays. JCT also has an evening route that operates weeknights between 6:15 p.m. and 11:00 p.m.[44] The Johnson City Transit Center, downtown on West Market Street, also serves as the transfer point for Greyhound lines running through the city. JCT operates the BucShot, a system serving the greater ETSU campus.

The Southern Railway used to serve Johnson City with several trains: the Birmingham Special (ended, 1970), the Pelican (ended, 1970) and the Tennessean (ended, 1968).[45]

Hospitals[]

Johnson City serves as a regional medical center for northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia, along with parts of western North Carolina and southeastern Kentucky.

The Johnson City Medical Center, designated a Level 1 Trauma Center[46] by the State of Tennessee, is one of Ballad Health's three tertiary hospitals. Also affiliated with the center are the Niswonger Children's Hospital, a domestic affiliate of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,[47] and Woodridge Hospital, a mental health and chemical dependency facility.

Franklin Woods Community Hospital is a LEED-certified facility in North Johnson City.[48] The "green" hospital (opened July 12, 2010) encloses approximately 240,000 square feet (22,000 m2) on a 25-acre (100,000 m2) lot adjacent to The Wellness Center inside MedTech Park. The hospital has 80 licensed beds and a 22-room Emergency Department. Of the licensed beds, 20 are dedicated to Women's and Children's Services.

The James H. & Cecile C. Quillen Rehabilitation Hospital, also in North Johnson City, serves patients who have suffered debilitating trauma, including stroke and brain-spine injuries.

Additionally, the James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, in the Mountain Home community in Johnson City's southside, serves veterans in the four-state region. The center is closely involved with the East Tennessee State University James H. Quillen College of Medicine.

Notable people[]

See also: List of East Tennessee State University notable people
  • Bill Bain, management consultant, one of the founders of the management consultancy Bain & Company[49]
  • Sam Bettens, lead singer of rock band K's Choice; Johnson City firefighter for a year[50]
  • Jerry Blevins, Major League Baseball pitcher (New York Mets)
  • Ernie Bowman, Major League Baseball (San Francisco Giants, 1961–63)
  • Joe Bowman, bootmaker and marksman; guardian of western culture[51]
  • Mike Brown, American Motorcyclist Association rider
  • Jo Carson, playwright and author[52]
  • George Lafayette Carter, entrepreneur
  • David Cash, professional wrestler
  • David Cole, founding member of C+C Music Factory
  • Patrick J. Cronin, television and film actor, a professor in English and Theater at ETSU[53]
  • Matt Czuchry, actor (Gilmore Girls), attended Science Hill High School
  • David Davis, Tennessee state senator; U.S. congressman 2007-2009
  • Lindsay Ellis, American film critic, YouTuber, cinematographer, and author
  • Ray Flynn, miler with 89 sub-four-minute miles; graduated ETSU, president/CEO of Flynn Sports Management[54]
  • Aubrayo Franklin, defensive tackle, San Francisco 49ers[55]
  • Wyck Godfrey, film producer and studio executive[56]
  • Jake Grove, born in Johnson City; played center for Virginia Tech, won the Rimington Trophy, played for the Miami Dolphins[57]
  • Del Harris, NBA coach, attended Milligan College[58]
  • Holly Herndon, electronic musician
  • Mark Herring, Attorney General of Virginia
  • Jim Hickman (1910s outfielder), was a former professional baseball player who played outfield for Brooklyn Dodgers.
  • Steven James, novelist, attended ETSU
  • Drew Johnson, political commentator and columnist, and founder of the Beacon Center of Tennessee[59]
  • Catherine Marshall, author, born in Johnson City, later worked on her novel Christy while staying with relatives in town
  • John Alan Maxwell, artist and illustrator, raised in Johnson City, illustrated for Pearl S. Buck, John Steinbeck, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, spent his last 18 years in Johnson City; permanent collection housed at Carroll Reece Museum at ETSU
  • Johnny Miller, NASCAR driver
  • Daniel Norris, Major League Baseball, debuted with the Toronto Blue Jays in 2014
  • Mike Potter, NASCAR driver
  • Eureka O'Hara, drag queen and television personality
  • David Phil Roe, mayor of Johnson City and representative for Tennessee's 1st congressional district in 2008
  • Mo Sabri, alternative hip hop artist
  • Bryan Lewis Saunders, artist and writer, ETSU alumnus[60]
  • Connie Saylor, NASCAR driver and Johnson City business owner
  • Constance Shulman, actress, singer, producer
  • Steve Spurrier, Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback and College Football Hall of Fame coach, spent most of his childhood in Johnson City and attended Science Hill High School. The school's football field is named Steve Spurrier Field.
  • Robert Love Taylor and Alfred A. Taylor, brothers who were both governor of Tennessee; each owned and resided in Robins' Roost, historic house on South Roan Street[61]
  • Brad Teague, NASCAR driver[62]
  • Ed Whitson, MLB pitcher known for a brief but colorful stint with the Yankees in the 1980s
  • Samuel Cole Williams, historian, jurist, first dean of the Emory University School of Law
  • Van Williams, NFL running back and kick returner for Buffalo Bills, All-American at Carson-Newman, attended Science Hill High School

Sister cities[]

Johnson City's sister cities are:[63][64]

  • Ecuador Guaranda, Ecuador
  • Sweden Ronneby, Sweden
  • Russia Rybinsk, Russia
  • Germany Teterow, Germany

See also[]

References[]

General
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  18. ^ Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Deputy Under Secretary for Operations and Management, Veterans Integrated Service Network 9, James H. Quillen VA Medical. "Mountain Home VA Healthcare System". www.mountainhome.va.gov.
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  20. ^ Fifteenth Census of the United States – 1930 – Population: Volume III, Part 2: Montana-Wyoming, p890
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  22. ^ "Little Chicago", Johnson's Depot Website
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  28. ^ "Climate Information for Bristol - Johnson City - Tennessee". climate-zone.com. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
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  37. ^ "Johnson City's Appy League Team to Be Known as the Doughboys". WJHL. February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  38. ^ City of Johnson City Board of Commissioners. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  39. ^ City of Johnson City Administration, Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  40. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 26, 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  52. ^ Barber, Rex (September 21, 2011). "Jo Carson, ETSU grad and nationally known writer, storyteller dies at 64". Johnson City Press.
  53. ^ "Patrick Cronin". IMDb.
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Specific
  • Greater Johnson City, by Ray Stahl, 1986.
  • A History of Johnson City, Tennessee and its Environs, by Samuel Cole Williams, 1940.
  • History of Washington County, Tennessee, by Joyce and Gene Cox, Editors, 2001.
  • Fiddlin' Charlie Bowman, by Bob L. Cox, University of Tennessee Press, 2007.
  • The Railroads of Johnson City, by Johnny Graybeal, Tar Heel Press, 2007.

External links[]


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