Kaitag language

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Not to be confused with with the Kajtak dialect of Judeo-Tat.
Kaitag
хайдакьан кув
Pronunciationχɑjdɑqʼɑn kuβ
Native toNorth Caucasus
RegionDagestan
Ethnicity
Native speakers
60000[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3xdq
Glottologkajt1238

Kaitag (Хайдакьан кув, [χɑjdɑqʼɑn kuβ]) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by in Dagestan, Russia. Kaitag is divided into three dialects: Lower Kaitag, Upper Kaitag, Shari.[2]

Dialects[]

The languages consists of 8 varieties, forming three dialects. Each of the Upper varieties corresponds to a historical province of the region.[3]

  • Upper Kaitag – Хъар Хайдакь (south-west).
    • Shurkkant – "The Cliff Dwellers" – Шурккант.
    • Qattagan – "The Gorge Dwellers" – Къаттагне.
    • Irchamul – "The Land of Nine" – Ирчӏамул.
  • Lower Kaitag – Ххьар Хайдакь.
    • Barshamai – Баршамагӏган.
    • Karatsan – Гъаӏрцӏнила.
    • Jibahni – Чӏивхӏан.
    • Sanchi – Сунклан.
  • Shari – Шаргӏи.

Phonology[]

Vowels[]

Front Back
close u
near-close ɪ
open-mid ɛ
near-open æ
open ɑ

Consonants[]

Consonants form by series of voiced, aspirated, fortis, ejective, and labialized variants. The palatal fricative [ç] might be the voiceless post-palatal fricative, which can be more precisely transcribed as [ç̠] or [x̟].[4]

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
plain labialized plain labialized plain labialized plain labialized plain labialized
Nasal m n
Plosive voiced b d g gʷ ʔ
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ kʰʷ qʰ qʰʷ
fortis pː tː kː kːʷ qː qːʷ
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ kʼʷ qʼ qʼʷ
Affricate aspirated t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʃʰʷ
fortis t͡sː t͡ʃː t͡ʃːʷ
ejective t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ t͡ʃʼʷ
Fricative voiced β z ʒ ʒʷ ʁ ʁʷ h hʷ
plain s ʃ ʃʷ ç çʷ χ χʷ
fortis sː ʃː ʃːʷ çː çːʷ χː χːʷ
Trill r
Approximant l j

Alphabet[]

The Kaitag language is usually written in the Cyrillic script. The letters of the alphabet are (with their pronunciation given below in IPA transcription):

а

[ɑ]

аӏ

[æ]

б

[b]

в

[β]

г

[g]

гв

[gʷ]

гъ

[ʁ]

гъв

[ʁʷ]

гь

[h]

гьв

[hʷ]

д

[d]

е

[ɛ]

ж

[ʒ]

жв

[ʒʷ]

з

[z]

и

[ɪ]

й

[j]

к

[kʰ]

кв

[kʰʷ]

кк

[kː]

ккв

[kːʷ]

кӏ

[kʼ]

кӏв

[kʼʷ]

хъ

[qʰ]

хъв

[qʰʷ]

къ

[qː]

къв

[qːʷ]

кь

[qʼ]

кь

[qʼʷ]

л

[l]

м

[m]

н

[n]

п

[pʰ]

пп

[pː]

пӏ

[pʼ]

с

[s]

сс

[sː]

т

[tʰ]

тт

[tː]

тӏ

[tʼ]

у

[u]

х

[χ]

хв

[χʷ]

хх

[χː]

ххв

[χːʷ]

хь

[ç]

хьв

[çʷ]

ххь

[çː]

ххьв

[çːʷ]

ц

[t͡sʰ]

цц

[t͡sː]

цӏ

[t͡sʼ]

ч

[t͡ʃʰ]

чв

[t͡ʃʰʷ]

чч

[t͡ʃː]

ччв

[t͡ʃːʷ]

чӏ

[t͡ʃʼ]

чӏв

[t͡ʃʼʷ]

ш

[ʃ]

шв

[ʃʷ]

шш

[ʃː]

шшв

[ʃːʷ]

ъ

[ʔ]

References[]

  1. ^ http://web-corpora.net/wsgi3/minorlangs/view/kaj
  2. ^ Mutalov, R.O. The classification of the Dargin languages and dialects [online] // Sociolinguistics, 2021. No. 3 (7). Pp.8–25. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.37892/2713-2951-3-7-8-25
  3. ^ Temirbulatova, Sapiyahanum (2006). Kaitag dialect of Dargwa. Makhachkala: Dagestani State University. pp. 5–22.
  4. ^ Temirbulatova, Sapiyahanum (2006). Kaitag dialect of Dargwa. Makhachkala: Dagestani State University. pp. 26–30.

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