Karluk languages

Karluk
Karluk
Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic
Geographic; distribution	Central Asia
Linguistic classification	Turkic Common Turkic Karluk; ;
Early forms	Middle Turkic Chagatai ;
Subdivisions	Western Turkic; Eastern Turkic;
Glottolog	None; uygh1240 (Eastern Karluk (Uyghur)); uzbe1247 (Western Karluk (Uzbek))
	Uzbek Uyghur Äynu Ili

The Karluk languages (also known as the Qarluq or Southeastern Common Turkic languages) are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.^[1]

Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.

Karluk Turkic was spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara, Khanate of Khiva and Khanate of Kokand.

Classification[]

Languages[]

Uzbek – spoken by the Uzbeks; approximately 27 million speakers
Uyghur – spoken by the Uyghurs; approximately 10 million speakers
Ili Turki – moribund language spoken by Ili Turkis, who are legally recognized as a subgroup of Uzbeks; 120 speakers and decreasing (1980)
Chagatai – extinct language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.
Karakhanid – literary language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate that is considered a standard form of Middle Turkic.
Khorezmian – literary language of the Golden Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language.

Proto-Turkic	Common Turkic	Karluk	Western	Uzbek
			Eastern	Uyghur Ili Turki Chagatai † Karakhanid † Khorezmian †

Number of native speakers[]

The Turkic languages are a language family of at least 35 ^[2] documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples. The number of speakers derived from statistics or estimates (2019) and were rounded:^[3]^{[full citation needed]}^[4]^{[full citation needed]}

Number	Name	Status	Native speakers	Country
1	Uzbek	Normal	27,000,000	Uzbekistan
2	Uyghur	Normal	11,000,000	China
3	Äynu	Critically endangered	6,000	China
4	Ili Turki	Severely endangered	100	China
Total	Karluk languages	Normal	38,000,000

References[]

^ Austin, Peter (2008). One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost. University of California Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-520-25560-9.
^ Dybo, A. V. (А. В. Дыбо) (2007). "Khronologiya tyurkskikh yazykov i lingvisticheskiye kontakty rannikh tyurkov" Хронология тюркских языков и лингвистические контакты ранних тюрков [Chronology of Türkic Languages and Linguistic Contacts of Early Türks] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow. p. 766. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-11. Retrieved 2005-03-11.
^ https://www.ethnologue.com/
^ https://glottolog.org/

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[1] Austin, Peter (2008). One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost. University of California Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-520-25560-9.

[2] Dybo, A. V. (А. В. Дыбо) (2007). "Khronologiya tyurkskikh yazykov i lingvisticheskiye kontakty rannikh tyurkov" Хронология тюркских языков и лингвистические контакты ранних тюрков [Chronology of Türkic Languages and Linguistic Contacts of Early Türks] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow. p. 766. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-11. Retrieved 2005-03-11.

[3] ttps://www.ethnologue.com/

[4] ttps://glottolog.org/

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Karluk
Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic
Geographic distribution	Central Asia
Linguistic classification	Turkic Common Turkic Karluk
Early forms	Middle Turkic Chagatai
Subdivisions	Western Turkic Eastern Turkic
Glottolog	None `uygh1240` (Eastern Karluk (Uyghur)) `uzbe1247` (Western Karluk (Uzbek))
Uzbek Uyghur Äynu Ili