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LGBT rights by country or territory

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Worldwide laws regarding same-sex intercourse, unions and expression
Same-sex intercourse illegal. Penalties:
  Death
  Prison; death not enforced
  Death under militias
  Prison, w/ arrests or detention
  Prison, not enforced1
Same-sex intercourse legal. Recognition of unions:
  Marriage
  Extraterritorial marriage2
  Civil unions
  Limited foreign
  Optional certification
  None
  Restrictions of expression
Rings indicate local or case-by-case application.
1No emprisonment in the past three years or moratorium on law.
2Marriage not available locally. Some jurisdictions may perform other types of partnerships.
LGBT rights at the United Nations
  
Neither States which did not support either declaration
  
Non-member states States that are not voting members of the United Nations
  
Oppose States which supported an opposing declaration in 2008 and continued their opposition in 2011
  
Subsequent member South Sudan, which was not a member of the United Nations in 2008
  
Support States which supported the LGBT rights declaration in the General Assembly or on the Human Rights Council in 2008 or 2011

Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction – encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality.

Laws concerning gender identity-expression by country or territory
  Legal identity change, surgery not required
  Legal identity change, surgery required
  No legal identity change
  Unknown/Ambiguous

Notably, as of January 2021, 29 countries recognized same-sex marriage. By contrast, not counting non-state actors and extrajudicial killings, only one country is believed to impose the death penalty on consensual same-sex sexual acts: Iran. The death penalty is officially law but generally not practiced in Afghanistan, Brunei, Mauritania, Nigeria (in the northern third of the country), Saudi Arabia, Somalia (in the autonomous state of Jubaland) and the United Arab Emirates. Sudan rescinded its unenforced death penalty for anal sex (hetero- or homosexual) in 2020. Fifteen countries have stoning on the books as a penalty for adultery, which would include gay sex, but this is only enforced by the legal authorities in Iran.[1][2]

In 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights, following which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a report documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, including hate crimes, criminalization of homosexual activity, and discrimination. Following the issuance of the report, the United Nations urged all countries which had not yet done so to enact laws protecting basic LGBT rights.[3][4]

Scope of laws

Laws that affect LGBT people include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • laws concerning the recognition of same-sex relationships, including same-sex marriage, civil unions, and domestic partnerships
  • laws concerning LGBT parenting, including adoption by LGBT people
  • anti-discrimination laws in employment, housing, education, public accommodations
  • anti-bullying legislation to protect LGBT children at school
  • hate crime laws imposing enhanced criminal penalties for prejudice-motivated violence against LGBT people
  • bathroom bills affecting access to sex-segregated facilities by transgender people
  • laws related to sexual orientation and military service
  • laws concerning access to assisted reproductive technology
  • sodomy laws that penalize consensual same-sex sexual activity. These may or may not target homosexuals, males or males and females, or leave some homosexual acts legal.
  • adultery laws that same-sex couples are subject to
  • age of consent laws that may impose higher ages for same-sex sexual activity
  • laws regarding donation of blood by men who have sex with men
  • laws concerning access to sex reassignment surgery and hormone replacement therapy
  • legal recognition and accommodation of reassigned gender.

History of LGBT-related laws

Ancient India

Ayoni or non-vaginal sex of all types are punishable in the Arthashastra. Homosexual acts are, however, treated as a smaller offence punishable by a fine, while unlawful heterosexual sex carries much harsher punishment. The Dharmsastras, especially the later ones, prescribe against non-vaginal sex like the Vashistha Dharmasutra. The Yājñavalkya Smṛti prescribes fines for such acts including those with other men. Manusmriti prescribes light punishments for such acts.[5][6] Vanita states that the verses about punishment for a sex between female and a maiden is due to its strong emphasis on a maiden's sexual purity.[7]

Ancient Israel

The ancient Law of Moses (the Torah) forbids men from lying with men (i.e., from having intercourse) in Leviticus 18 and gives a story of attempted homosexual rape in Genesis 19, in the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, after which the cities were soon destroyed with "brimstone and fire, from the Lord"[8][9] and the death penalty was prescribed to its inhabitants – and to Lot's wife, who was turned into a pillar of salt because she turned back to watch the cities' destruction.[10][11] In Deuteronomy 22:5, cross-dressing is condemned as "abominable".[12][13]

Assyria

In Assyrian society, sex crimes were punished identically whether they were homosexual or heterosexual.[14] An individual faced no punishment for penetrating someone of equal social class, a cult prostitute, or with someone whose gender roles were not considered solidly masculine.[14] Such sexual relations were even seen as good fortune, with an Akkadian tablet, the Šumma ālu, reading, "If a man copulates with his equal from the rear, he becomes the leader among his peers and brothers".[15][16] However, homosexual relationships with fellow soldiers, slaves, royal attendants, or those where a social better was submissive or penetrated, were treated as bad omens.[17][18]

Middle Assyrian Law Codes dating 1075 BC has a particularly harsh law for homosexuality in the military, which reads: "If a man have intercourse with his brother-in-arms, they shall turn him into a eunuch."[19][20][21] A similar law code reads, "If a seignior lay with his neighbor, when they have prosecuted him (and) convicted him, they shall lie with him (and) turn him into a eunuch". This law code condemns a situation that involves homosexual rape. Any Assyrian male could visit a prostitute or lie with another male, just as long as false rumors or forced sex were not involved with another male.[22]

Ancient Rome

In ancient Rome, the bodies of citizen youths were strictly off-limits, and the Lex Scantinia imposed penalties on those who committed a sex crime (stuprum) against a freeborn male minor.[23] Acceptable same-sex partners were males excluded from legal protections as citizens: slaves, male prostitutes, and the infames, entertainers or others who might be technically free but whose lifestyles set them outside the law.

A male citizen who willingly performed oral sex or received anal sex was disparaged, but there is only limited evidence of legal penalties against these men.[24] In courtroom and political rhetoric, charges of effeminacy and passive sexual behaviors were directed particularly at "democratic" politicians (populares) such as Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.[25]

Roman law addressed the rape of a male citizen as early as the 2nd century BC, when it was ruled that even a man who was "disreputable and questionable" had the same right as other citizens not to have his body subjected to forced sex.[26] A law probably dating to the dictatorship of Julius Caesar defined rape as forced sex against "boy, woman, or anyone"; the rapist was subject to execution, a rare penalty in Roman law.[27] A male classified as infamis, such as a prostitute or actor, could not as a matter of law be raped, nor could a slave, who was legally classified as property; the slave's owner, however, could prosecute the rapist for property damage.[28]

In the Roman army of the Republic, sex among fellow soldiers violated the decorum against intercourse with citizens and was subject to harsh penalties, including death,[29] as a violation of military discipline.[30] The Greek historian Polybius (2nd century BC) lists deserters, thieves, perjurers, and "those who in youth have abused their persons" as subject to the fustuarium, clubbing to death.[31] Ancient sources are most concerned with the effects of sexual harassment by officers, but the young soldier who brought an accusation against his superior needed to show that he had not willingly taken the passive role or prostituted himself.[32] Soldiers were free to have relations with their male slaves;[33] the use of a fellow citizen-soldier's body was prohibited, not homosexual behaviors per se.[34] By the late Republic and throughout the Imperial period, there is increasing evidence that men whose lifestyle marked them as "homosexual" in the modern sense served openly.[35]

Although Roman law did not recognize marriage between men, and in general Romans regarded marriage as a heterosexual union with the primary purpose of producing children, in the early Imperial period some male couples were celebrating traditional marriage rites. Juvenal remarks with disapproval that his friends often attended such ceremonies.[36] The emperor Nero had two marriages to men, once as the bride (with a freedman Pythagoras) and once as the groom. His consort Sporus appeared in public as Nero's wife wearing the regalia that was customary for the Roman empress.[37]

Apart from measures to protect the prerogatives of citizens, the prosecution of homosexuality as a general crime began in the 3rd century of the Christian era when male prostitution was banned by Philip the Arab. By the end of the 4th century, after the Roman Empire had come under Christian rule, passive homosexuality was punishable by burning.[38] "Death by sword" was the punishment for a "man coupling like a woman" under the Theodosian Code.[39] Under Justinian, all same-sex acts, passive or active, no matter who the partners, were declared contrary to nature and punishable by death.[40]

British Empire

The United Kingdom introduced anti-homosexuality laws throughout its colonies, particularly in the 19th century when the British Empire was at its peak.[41] As of 2018, more than half of the 71 countries that criminalised homosexuality were former British colonies or protectorates.[42]

Global LGBT rights maps

hideLaws regarding same-sex sexuality by country or territory
Worldwide laws regarding same-sex intercourse, unions and expression
Same-sex intercourse illegal. Penalties:
  Death
  Prison; death not enforced
  Death under militias
  Prison, w/ arrests or detention
  Prison, not enforced1
Same-sex intercourse legal. Recognition of unions:
  Marriage
  Extraterritorial marriage2
  Civil unions
  Limited foreign
  Optional certification
  None
  Restrictions of expression
Rings indicate local or case-by-case application.
1No emprisonment in the past three years or moratorium on law.
2Marriage not available locally. Some jurisdictions may perform other types of partnerships.
hideLGBT rights at the United Nations
  Support
Countries which have signed a General Assembly declaration of LGBT rights or sponsored the Human Rights Council's 2011 resolution on LGBT rights (96 members)
  Oppose
Countries which signed a 2008 statement opposing LGBT rights (initially 57 members, now 54 members after withdrawal of Fiji, Rwanda and Sierra Leone)
  Neither
Countries which, as regards the UN, have expressed neither official support nor opposition to LGBT rights (44 members)
hideHomosexual "propaganda" and "morality" laws by country or territory
Homosexual "propaganda" and "morality" laws by country or territory
  Countries or territories that do not have homosexual "propaganda" or "morality" laws
  Fine[43]
  Unknown punishment
  Imprisonment
hideDecriminalization of same-sex sexual intercourse by country or territory
  1790–1799
  1800–1819
  1820–1829
  1830–1839
  1840–1859
  1860–1869
  1870–1879
  1880–1889
  1890–1909
  1910–1919
  1920–1929
  1930–1939
  1940–1949
  1950–1959
  1960–1969
  1970–1979
  1980–1989
  1990–1999
  2000–2009
  2010–present
  Unknown date of legalization of same-sex intercourse
  Same-sex sexual intercourse always legal
  Male same-sex sexual intercourse illegal
  Same-sex sexual intercourse illegal
hideEqualization of age of consent laws for same-sex couples by country or territory
  1790–1829
  1830–1839
  1840–1859
  1860–1869
  1870–1879
  1880–1889
  1890–1929
  1930–1939
  1940–19491
  1950–1959
  1960–1969
  1970–1979
  1980–1989
  1990–1999
  2000–2009
  2010–present
  Unknown date for equal age of consent laws for opposite and same-sex couples
  No consent laws/equal age of consent laws always equal for opposite and same-sex couples
  Unequal age of consent laws for same-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual intercourse illegal
1During World War II, Nazi Germany annexed territory or established reichskommissariats which extended Germany's laws against same-sex sexual intercourse to those territories and reichskommissariats. Age of consent was previously equalized for same-sex couples in the following countries or territories before German annexation or establishment of reichskommissariats: Belluno (legal in 1890), Friuli-Venezia Giulia (legal in 1890), Poland (always legal, confirmed in 1932), and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (legal in 1890). All countries and territories listed that where annexed or established into reichskommissariats by Nazi Germany during World War II where restored as independent countries or reincorporated into their previous countries during or after the war and thus re-legalized equal age of consent laws for same-sex couples in those areas.
hideLegal status of same-sex marriage
  Marriage open to same-sex couples (rings: individual cases)
  Mixed jurisdiction: marriage recognized by the state but not by tribal government for residents who are members of the tribe
  Legislation or binding domestic court ruling establishing same-sex marriage, but marriage is not yet provided for
  Same-sex marriage recognized with full rights when performed in certain other jurisdictions
  Judicial order for recognition not yet tested (Armenia)
  Civil unions or domestic partnerships
  Limited legal recognition (registered cohabitation)
  Local certification without legal force
  Limited recognition of marriage performed in certain other jurisdictions (residency rights for spouses)
  Country subject to an international court ruling that recognizes same-sex marriage
  Other countries where same-sex unions are not legally recognized
hideLegal status of adoption by same-sex couples by country or territory
  Joint adoption allowed
  Second-parent adoption allowed
  No laws allowing adoption by same-sex couples
hideLGBT service in national militaries by country or territory[citation needed]
  All LGBT people can serve
  GBT men can serve
  LGB people can serve
  GB men can serve
  Ambiguous/unknown policy
  LGBT people are banned from serving
  No military
hideEmployment discrimination laws by sexual orientation or gender identity by country or territory
  Sexual orientation and gender identity: all employment
  Sexual orientation with anti–employment discrimination ordinance and gender identity solely in public employment
  Sexual orientation: all employment
  Gender identity: all employment
  Sexual orientation and gender identity: federal public employment and federal contractors
  Sexual orientation and gender identity: public employment
  Sexual orientation: public employment
  No national-level employment laws covering sexual orientation or gender identity
hideAnti-discrimination laws covering goods and services by sexual orientation and/or gender identity by country or territory
Countries and territories with LGBT anti-discrimination laws in goods and services
  Sexual orientation and gender identity covered
  Sexual orientation covered
  Gender identity covered
  No national or local level anti-discrimination laws covering sexual orientation and/or gender identity in goods and services
hideConstitutional discrimination laws by sexual orientation and/or gender identity by country or territory
  Sexual orientation and gender identity covered
  Sexual orientation covered
  Gender identity covered
  No national or local level constitutional discrimination laws covering sexual orientation and/or gender identity
hideLGBT hate crime laws by country or territory
  Sexual orientation and gender identity hate crime laws
  Sexual orientation hate crime laws
  No LGBT hate crime laws
hideIncitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited by country or territory
  Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited
  Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation prohibited
  No prohibition on incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity
hideBan on conversion therapy for minors on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity by country or territory
  Ban on conversion therapy on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity
  De facto ban on conversion therapy
  Case-by-case bans
  Proposed ban on conversion therapy
  No ban on conversion therapy
hideImmigration equality by country or territory[citation needed]
  Recognition of same-sex couples in national immigration laws
  Unknown/ambiguous
hideBans on same-sex unions by country or territory
  No specific prohibition of same-sex marriages or unions
  Constitution bans same-sex marriage
  Constitution establishes Islamic law or bans violations of "Islamic morality"
hideBlood donation policies for men who have sex with men by country or territory
Blood donation policies for men who have sex with men
  -Men who have sex with men may donate blood; No deferral
  -Men who have sex with men may donate blood; Temporary deferral
  -Men who have sex with men may not donate blood; Permanent deferral
  -No Data
hideBlood donation policies for female sex partners of men who have sex with men by country or territory
Blood donation policies for female sex partners of men who have sex with men
  -Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may donate blood; No deferral
  -Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may donate blood; Temporary deferral
  -Female sex partners of men who have sex with men may not donate blood; Permanent deferral
  -No Data
hideLaws concerning gender identity-expression by country or territory
  Legal identity change, surgery not required
  Legal identity change, surgery required
  No legal identity change
  Unknown/Ambiguous
hideLegal recognition of non-binary genders and third gender
  Nonbinary / third gender available as voluntary opt-in
  Opt-in for intersex people only
  Standard for third gender
  Standard for intersex
  Nonbinary / third gender not legally recognized / no data

Timeline

Generalities

Legal status of homosexuality around the world (2019):
  Legal.
  Illegal (masculine and/or feminine)

The previous one is a list of the countries and territories that at some point in their history criminalized sexual acts between people of the same sex. In some cases, the legislation established a differentiation between sex between men and sex between women, punishing only one of those sexual practices, mostly sex between men under the charge of sodomy.

Decriminalization of homosexuality timeline
Countries/Territories/States
Never been illegal
List
18th century
List
19th century
List
20th century
List
21st century
List
Notes


LGBT-related laws by country or territory

Africa

hideList of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Africa
This table:

Northern Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Algeria Algeria No Illegal since 1966
Up to 3 years imprisonment with fines up to 10,000 dinars,[44] torture,[45] beatings,[46] or vigilante execution
No No No No No No
Canary Islands Canary Islands
(Autonomous community of Spain)
Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes De facto unions legal since 2003[48] Yes Legal since 2005[49] Yes Legal since 2005[50][51] Yes Spain responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[52] Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[53]
Ceuta Ceuta
(Autonomous city of Spain)
Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes De facto union since 1998[54] Yes Legal since 2005[49] Yes Legal since 2005[50] Yes Spain responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[53]
Egypt Egypt No Male de jure legal, but de facto illegal since 2000
Penalty: Up to 17 years imprisonment with or without hard labour and with or without fines under broadly-written morality laws.[47][55]
No No No No No No
Libya Libya No De facto: illegal: Islamic Sharia Law is applied

De jure: Not specifically outlawed
Penalty: Up to 4 years in jail or death[56][57]

No No No No No No
Madeira Madeira
(Autonomous region of Portugal)
Yes Legal since 1983
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes De facto union since 2001[58][59] Yes Legal since 2010[60] Yes Legal since 2016[61][62][63] Yes Portugal responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Yes Since 2011, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[64]
Melilla Melilla
(Autonomous city of Spain)
Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes De facto union since 2008[65] Yes Legal since 2005[49] Yes Legal since 2005[50] Yes Spain responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66] Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[53]
Morocco Morocco
(including Southern Provinces)
No Illegal since 1962
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment and fines.[47][67]Legalization proposed
No No No No No No
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
(Disputed territory; excluding Southern Provinces)
No Illegal since 1944 (as part of the Overseas Province of Spanish Sahara)
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.[47][68][69]
No No No No No No
South Sudan South Sudan No Illegal since 1899 (as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment.[47][70]
No No Constitutional ban since 2011[citation needed] No No No No Forms of gender expression are criminalized.
Sudan Sudan No Illegal since 1899 (as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
Penalty: Life imprisonment for a third offense of anal sex.[71][72]
No No No No No No
Tunisia Tunisia No Illegal since 1913 (as the French protectorate of Tunisia)
Penalty: 3 years imprisonment.[47][73]
Legalization proposed[74]
No No No No No No

Western Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Benin Benin Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);[47][75]
Age of consent discrepancy[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[47] No No Constitutional ban since 1991 No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Cape Verde Cape Verde Yes Legal since 2004
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[47] Emblem-question.svg
The Gambia Gambia No Illegal since 1888 (as the Gambia Colony and Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to Iife imprisonment.[47][76][70]
No No No No No No Forms of gender expression criminalized since 2013[77]
Ghana Ghana No Male illegal since 1860s (as the Gold Coast)
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.
Yes Female always legal[47][78][70]
No No No No No No
Guinea Guinea No Illegal since 1988
Penalty: 6 months to 10 years imprisonment.[79]
No No No No No No
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Yes Legal since 1993[47]
+ UN decl. sign.
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Liberia Liberia No Illegal since 1976
Penalty: 1 year imprisonment.[47][80]
No No No No No No
Mali Mali Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[47] No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Mauritania Mauritania No Illegal: Islamic Sharia Law is applied
Penalty: Capital punishment for men, (not enforced); prison and a fine for women.[47][81]
No No No No No No
Niger Niger Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Nigeria Nigeria No Illegal under federal law since 1901 (as the Northern Nigeria Protectorate and the Southern Nigeria Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment.
No Death in the states of Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto, Yobe, and Zamfara.[47][82][70]
No No No No No No Forms of gender expression criminalized in Sharia provinces.
Saint Helena Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Legal since 2017 Yes Legal since 2017[83][84] Yes Legal since 2017 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Emblem-question.svg
Senegal Senegal No Illegal since 1966
Penalty: 1 to 5 years imprisonment.[47][85]
No No No No No No
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone No Male illegal since 1861 (as the Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate)
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).
Yes Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No No No No
Togo Togo No Illegal since 1884 (as Togoland)
Penalty: Fine and 3 years imprisonment.[47][70]
No No No No No No

Central Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Cameroon Cameroon No Illegal since 1972
Penalty: Fines to 5 years imprisonment.[47][70] or vigilante execution and torture[86]
No No No No No No
Central African Republic Central African Republic Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[47] No No Constitutional ban since 2016[87] No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Chad Chad No Illegal since 2017
Penalty: Between 3 months and 2 years in prison, with fines of 50,000 to 500,000 FCFA. (Penal Code, Chapter 2, Article 354) [88]
No No No No No Emblem-question.svg
Democratic Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[47] No No Constitutional ban since 2005 No Emblem-question.svg No No
Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[47] No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Gabon Gabon Yes Legal since 2020[89]
+ UN decl. sign.
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe Yes Legal since 2012
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg

Southeast Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Burundi Burundi No Illegal since 2009
Penalty: fine, and 3 months to 2 years imprisonment.[47][90]
No No Constitutional ban since 2005 No No No No
Kenya Kenya No Illegal since 1897 (as the East Africa Protectorate)
Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment.[47][70]
No No Constitutional ban since 2010[91] No No No No
Rwanda Rwanda Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[47]
+ UN decl. sign.
No No Constitutional ban since 2003 No Emblem-question.svg No No
Tanzania Tanzania No Illegal since 1864 (only Zanzibar)
Illegal since 1899
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment.[47][70] Vigilante executions, beatings and torture[92][93] are also tolerated.
No No No No No No
Uganda Uganda No Male illegal since 1894
Female illegal since 2000 Penalty: Life imprisonment. Beatings, torture, or vigilante execution are also common.[94]
No No Constitutional ban since 2005 No No No No

Horn of Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Djibouti Djibouti Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[47] No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Eritrea Eritrea No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.[47][95] or death[96] Beatings and torture are also tolerated.[97]
No No No No No No
Ethiopia Ethiopia No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 15 years.[47]
No No No No No No
Somalia Somalia No Illegal. Penalty: Up to 3 years prison.
Jubaland No Illegal. Penalty: Up to death in Jubaland.[citation needed]
No No No No No No
Somaliland Somaliland
(Disputed territory)
No Illegal since 1941 (as British Somaliland)
Penalty: Up to 3 years prison, sometimes death sentences.[98]
No No No No No No

Indian Ocean states

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Comoros Comoros No Illegal
Penalty: 5 years imprisonment and fines.[47][99]
No No No No No Emblem-question.svg
French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands
(Overseas territory of France)
Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the territory)[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law
Madagascar Madagascar Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);
Age of consent discrepancy[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Mauritius Mauritius No Male illegal
Penalty: Up to 5 years imprisonment.
Yes Female always legal[100]
+ UN decl. sign.[47][101]
No No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[102][103] Emblem-question.svg
Mayotte Mayotte
(Overseas region of France)
Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the region)[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law
Réunion Réunion
(Overseas region of France)
Yes Legal since 1791[47] Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law
Seychelles Seychelles Yes Legal since 2016[104]
+ UN decl. sign.
No No No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[47] Emblem-question.svg

Southern Africa

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Angola Angola Yes Legal since 2021 [105] No No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[106] Emblem-question.svg May possibly change gender under the Código do Registro Civil 2015[107]
Botswana Botswana No Legal since 2019 [108] No No No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Legal gender change recognized as a constitutional right since 2017[109]
Eswatini Eswatini No Male illegal since the 1880s
Yes Female always legal[47][70]
No No No No No No
Lesotho Lesotho Yes Male legal since 2012
Female always legal[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg May possibly change gender under the National Identity Cards Act 9 of 2011[110]
Malawi Malawi No Illegal since 1891 (as British Central Africa Protectorate)[111]
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment, with or without corporal punishment for men
up to 5 years imprisonment for women (rarely enforced; suspending moratorium legality disputed)[47][112][70]
No No No No No No Men can't have long hair.
Mozambique Mozambique Yes Legal since 2015[113][114] No No No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[47][102] Emblem-question.svg
Namibia Namibia No Male illegal since 1920 (not enforced; repeal proposed)[70][115]
Yes Female always legal[47][116][117]
No No No No No Yes Under the Births, Marriages and Deaths Registration Act 81 of 1963[118]
South Africa South Africa Yes Male legal since 1998
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Limited recognition of unregistered partnerships since 1998; same-sex marriage since 2006 Yes Legal since 2006 Yes Legal since 2002 Yes Since 1998 Yes Constitution bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Anti-discrimination laws are interpreted to include gender identity; legal gender may be changed after surgical or medical treatment
Zambia Zambia No Illegal since 1911 (as part of the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia)
Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment.[47][70]
No No No No No No
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe No Male illegal since 1891 (as part of the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia)
Yes Female legal[47][70]
No No Constitutional ban since 2013[119] No No No No

Americas

hideList of countries or territories by LGBT rights in the Americas



Tables:

North America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bermuda Bermuda
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 1994
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Domestic partnerships since 2018[120] Yes Legal since November 2018 and between May 2017 and June 2018 Yes Legal since 2015[121] Yes UK responsible for defence No Bans all anti-gay discrimination[122] No
Canada Canada Yes Legal since 1969
+ UN decl. sign.[47][123]
Yes Domestic partnerships in Nova Scotia (2001);[124]
Civil unions in Quebec (2002);[125]
Adult interdependent relationships in Alberta (2003);[126]
Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)[127]
Yes Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005[128] Yes Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2011[129] Yes Since 1992[130]; Includes transgender people[131] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Manitoba and Ontario since 2015, Vancouver and Nova Scotia since 2018, Prince Edward Island since 2019, and Quebec and Yukon since 2020 Yes Transgender people can change their gender and name without completion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017[132][133][134][135]
Greenland Greenland
(Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark)
Yes Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships between 1996 and 2016 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[136] Yes Legal since 2016 Yes Stepchild adoption since 2009;[137]
joint adoption since 2016[138]
Yes The Kingdom of Denmark responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[47] Yes Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy[139][140]
Mexico Mexico Yes Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes/No Civil unions in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007),[141] Colima (between 2013 and 2016),[142] Campeche (2013),[143] Jalisco (between 2014 and 2018),[144] Michoacán (2015), Tlaxcala (2017), and Veracruz (2020) Yes/No Legal in Mexico City (2010),[145] Quintana Roo (2012),[146] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Nayarit (2015), Jalisco (2016), Campeche (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017), Baja California (2017), Nuevo León (2019), Aguascalientes (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Hidalgo (2019), Baja California Sur (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2020), Sinaloa (2021), and Yucatán (2021)
All states are obliged to recognise same-sex marriages performed in states where it is legal.[145][147][148]
The Supreme Court has declared that it is unconstitutional to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples in all states,[149] but as state laws were not invalidated, individual injunctions must still be obtained from the courts[150][151]
Yes/No Legal in Mexico City (2010),[152] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Jalisco (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017),[153][154] Aguascalientes (2018), Nuevo León (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019)[155] and Hidalgo (2019)[156] Emblem-question.svg (ambiguous) Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[157] Yes/No Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008),[158] Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Colima (2019), Baja California (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2019), Chihuahua (2019), Sonora (2020), Jalisco (2020), Quintana Roo (2020), Puebla (2021), Baja California Sur (2021), Mexico (2021), and the city of Guadalajara
Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg Saint Pierre and Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity of France)
Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[159] Yes Legal since 2013[160] Yes Legal since 2013[161] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66] Yes Under French law[162]
United States United States Yes Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Domestic partnerships in California (1999), the District of Columbia (2002), Maine (2004), Washington (2007), Maryland (2008), Oregon (2008), Nevada (2009) and Wisconsin (2009).
Civil unions in Vermont (2000), Connecticut (2005), New Jersey (2007), New Hampshire (2008), Illinois (2011), Rhode Island (2011), Delaware (2012), Hawaii (2012) and Colorado (2013).
Yes Legal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015 Yes Legal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016 Yes/No Lesbians, gays, and bisexuals have been allowed to serve openly in the U.S. military since 2011, following the repeal of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy.
Transgender people have been allowed to serve openly since 2021.[163]
Transvestites are currently banned from the military since 2012.[164]
Most openly Intersex people may be banned from the military under the Armed Forces ban of "hermaphrodites".[165]
Yes/No Employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is prohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in 23 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Conversion therapy for minors is banned in 20 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Sexual orientation is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009.
Yes/No Gender change is legal, under varying conditions, in 48 states + DC.
Nonbinary gender markers are available, under varying circumstances, in 25 states + DC.
Employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity is prohibited nationwide since 2020.
More extensive protections exist in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities.
Gender identity is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009.

Central America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belize Belize Yes Legal since 2016[166] No No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[167][168][169] No[170]
Costa Rica Costa Rica Yes Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Unregistered cohabitation since 2014[171][172] Yes Legal since May 2020 Yes Legal since May 2020[173] Has no military Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[47] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018[174]
El Salvador El Salvador Yes Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes[175][176] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[175] No[177] Bans discrimination based on gender identity.
Guatemala Guatemala Yes Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Pending No No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination No[178]
Honduras Honduras Yes Legal since 1899
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 2005 No Constitutional ban since 2005;[179][180] court decision pending No Constitutional ban since 2005 No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[181] No
Nicaragua Nicaragua Yes Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[47] No
Panama Panama Yes Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Court decision pending No Court decision pending No Court decision pending Has no military Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[182][183] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006[184][185]

Caribbean

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Anguilla Anguilla
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes UK responsible for defence No Emblem-question.svg
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda No Illegal
Penalty: 15-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[47]
No No No No No No
Aruba Aruba
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships since 2016[186] No/Yes Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[187] No Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence No Emblem-question.svg
The Bahamas Bahamas Yes Legal since 1991;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes[47] No No
Barbados Barbados No Illegal
Penalty: Life imprisonment (Not enforced).[47] Legalization proposed
No/Yes Foreign Domestic Partnerships recognized for immigration purposes "Welcome Stamp"[188]

Civil Unions proposed.[189]

No No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[190] No
Bonaire Bonaire
(a special municipality of the Netherlands)
Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes[191] Yes Legal since 2012[192] Yes[193] Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Emblem-question.svg No
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[194] No
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001; Age of consent discrepancy[47]
+ UN decl. sign.
Yes Civil Partnerships since 2020[195] No Yes Legal since 2020 Yes UK responsible for defence No No
Cuba Cuba Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No legalization pending [196] No Yes[47][197] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination [198][199][200] Yes Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations[201]
Curaçao Curaçao
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Pending No/Yes Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[187] No Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence No Emblem-question.svg
Dominica Dominica No Illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence or incarceration in a psychiatric institution (Not enforced).
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No No No No
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Yes Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 2010[citation needed] No No[202] No No
Grenada Grenada No Male illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (Rarely enforced).[203]
Yes Female always legal[47]
No No No Has no military No No
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
(Overseas department of France)
Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[159] Yes Legal since 2013[160] Yes Legal since 2013[161] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66] Yes Under French law[162]
Haiti Haiti Yes Legal since 1791 (as Saint-Domingue)[47] No No No Has no military No No
Jamaica Jamaica No Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed
Yes Female always legal.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 1962 No No No No
Martinique Martinique
(Overseas department of France)
Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[159] Yes Legal since 2013[160] Yes Legal since 2013[161] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66] Yes Under French law[162]
Montserrat Montserrat
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 2010[204] No Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[205] Emblem-question.svg
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico
(Commonwealth of the United States)
Yes Legal since 2003 Yes Legal since 2015 Yes Legal since 2015[206] Yes Legal since 2015 Yes United States responsible for defense[207][208] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery
Saba Saba
(a special municipality of the Netherlands)
Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes[191] Yes Legal since 2012[192] Yes[193] Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Emblem-question.svg Emblem-question.svg
Flag of Saint Barthelemy (local).svg Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity of France)
Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[159] Yes Legal since 2013[160] Yes Legal since 2013[161] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66] Yes Under French law[162]
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis No Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years (Not enforced).
Yes Female always legal[47]
No No No No No Emblem-question.svg
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia No Male illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced). Legalization proposed
Yes Female always legal[47]
No No No Has no military No No
Flag of France.svg Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity of France)
Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[159] Yes Legal since 2013[160] Yes Legal since 2013[161] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66] Yes Under French law[162]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines No Illegal
Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[47] Legalization proposed
No No No Has no military No Emblem-question.svg
Sint Eustatius Sint Eustatius
(a special municipality of the Netherlands)
Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes[191] Yes Legal since 2012[192] Yes[193] Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence Emblem-question.svg No
Sint Maarten Sint Maarten
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No/Yes Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[187] No Yes The Netherlands responsible for defence No Emblem-question.svg
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Yes Legal since 2018[209] No No No No No No
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 2011[210] No Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[47] No
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands
(Territory of the United States)
Yes Legal since 1985 Yes Legal since 2015[211] Yes Legal since 2015[211] Yes Legal since 2015[211] Yes United States responsible for defense[207][208] No No

South America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Argentina Argentina Yes Legal since 1887
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil unions in Buenos Aires (2003),[212] Río Negro Province (2003),[213] Villa Carlos Paz (2007) and Río Cuarto (2009)
Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015[214]
Yes Legal since 2010[215] Yes Legal since 2010 Yes Since 2009[216] Yes/No Legal protection in some cities;[217]
pending nationwide.
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010
Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2012[218]

Transgender persons have a law reserving 1% of Argentina's public sector jobs. Economic incentives included in the new law aim to help trans people find work in all sectors. [219]

Bolivia Bolivia Yes Legal since 1832
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No[220]
Family life agreement pending[221][222]
No Constitutional ban since 2009[223] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[224] Yes Since 2015[225][226][227]; Includes transgender people[228] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[47] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2016[229][230][231][232]
Brazil Brazil Yes Legal since 1831
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes "Stable unions" legal in some states since 2004; all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011[233][234] Yes Legal in some states since 2012, nationwide since 2013[235][236] Yes Legal since 2010[237] YesSince 1969[238] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[239]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999[240][241]
Yes Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018[242][243][244]
Chile Chile Yes Legal since 1999;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil unions since 2015[245] No Pending[246] No Pending[247] Yes Since 2012[248]; Includes transgender people[249] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[250]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021
Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 1974.
No surgeries or judicial order since 2019.[251]
Colombia Colombia Yes Legal since 1981
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes De facto marital union since 2007[252] Yes Legal since 2016[253] Yes Stepchild adoption since 2014;[254] joint adoption since 2015[255] Yes Since 1999[47] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[256] Yes Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required[257]
Ecuador Ecuador Yes Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes De facto unions since 2009[258][259] Yes Legal since 2019[260] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[261] Emblem-question.svg[262] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[263]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014
Yes Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity; no surgeries or judicial order required[264][265][266]
Falkland Islands Falkland Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 1989
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil partnerships since 2017[267] Yes Legal since 2017[267] Yes Legal since 2017 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[268] No
French Guiana French Guiana
(Overseas department of France)
Yes Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[159] Yes Legal since 2013[160] Yes Legal since 2013[161] Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[66] Yes Under French law[162]
Guyana Guyana No Illegal
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[47]
No No Emblem-question.svg[269] Yes[270] No No
Paraguay Paraguay Yes Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Constitutional ban since 1992[271] No Constitutional ban since 1992[272] No Yes[273] No No
Peru Peru Yes Legal since 1924
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Proposed[274] No Proposed No Yes Since 2009[275] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[276][277][278][279][280] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for the completion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial order required.[281][282]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.
Yes Legal since 2014[283] Yes Legal since 2014[283] Emblem-question.svg Yes UK responsible for defence Emblem-question.svg No
Suriname Suriname Yes Legal since 1869 (as Dutch Guiana);
Age of consent discrepancy
No No No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[284] No Court decision pending[285][286]
Uruguay Uruguay Yes Legal since 1934
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Concubinage union since 2008[287] Yes Legal since 2013[288] Yes Legal since 2009[289] Yes Since 2009[290] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[291] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2017 Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order required since 2009.[292] Self-determination since 2018.
Venezuela Venezuela Yes Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 1999;
Proposed
No Constitutional ban since 1999;
court decision pending[293]
No No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[47] No

Asia

hideList of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Asia
This table:

Central Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Afghanistan Afghanistan No No Illegal
Penalty: Long imprisonment or death penalty (No known cases of death sentences have been handed out for same-sex sexual activity after the end of Taliban rule).[47]
No No No No No No
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Yes Legal since 1998[47] No No No No No Yes[294]
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Yes Legal since 1998[47] No No Constitutional ban since 2016[295] No Emblem-question.svg No Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery[296][297]
Tajikistan Tajikistan Yes Legal since 1998[47] No No No Emblem-question.svg No Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery[298][297]
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan No Male illegal
Penalty: up to 2 years imprisonment.
Yes Female always legal[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No No
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan No Male illegal
Penalty: up to 3 years imprisonment.
Yes Female always legal[47] Legalization proposed
No No No Emblem-question.svg No No

Eurasia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Abkhazia Abkhazia
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal after 1991 No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Akrotiri and Dhekelia
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil partnerships since 2005 Yes Legal since 2014 Emblem-question.svg Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[299] Emblem-question.svg
Armenia Armenia Yes Legal since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 2015[300][301] No No[302] No No
Republic of Artsakh Artsakh
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal since 2000 No No Constitutional ban since 2006[303] No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Yes Legal since 2000[47] No No No No No No
Cyprus Cyprus Yes Legal since 1998
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil unions since 2015 No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[304] Yes/No Gender identity and expression is protected from discrimination. Right to change legal gender proposed.
Georgia (country) Georgia Yes Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban passed but yet to take effect No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[305] Yes Requires sterilization and sex reassignment surgery for change[306]
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Yes Legal since 1998[47] No No No No[307] No Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery, sterilization, hormone therapy and medical examinations[297]
Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal since 2014[308][309][47] No No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[308][309] Emblem-question.svg
Russia Russia Yes Male legal since 1993
Female always legal[310][47]
No Illegal in practice in Chechnya, where homosexuals are abducted and sent to concentration camps based on their perceived sexual orientation.
No No Constitutional ban since July 2020[citation needed] No No[citation needed] No Yes Requires sterilization and sex reassignment surgery for change[306]
South Ossetia South Ossetia
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal after 1991 No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Turkey Turkey Yes Legal since 1858[47] No No No No Proposed[311][failed verification] No Proposed[311] Yes Requires sterilisation and sex reassignment surgery for change[312]

West Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bahrain Bahrain Yes Legal since 1976[47] No No No No No No Sex change surgeries allowed since 2014, but no legal recognition.[313]
Iran Iran No No Illegal
Penalty: 74 lashes for immature men and death penalty for mature men (although there are recorded cases of minors who were executed because of their sexual orientation).[314] For women, 50 lashes for women of mature sound mind and if consenting. Death penalty offense after fourth conviction.[47]
No No No No No Yes Legal gender recognition legal if accompanied by a medical intervention[315]
Iraq Iraq Yes Yes Generally legal since 2003 No No No No No No
Israel Israel Yes Legal since 1963 (de facto), 1988 (de jure)[316]
+ UN decl. sign.[47][317]
Yes Unregistered cohabitation since 1994. No/Yes Foreign same-sex marriages are recognized and recorded in the population registry Yes Since 2008[318] Yes Since 1993; Includes transgender people[319] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[320][321][322] Yes Almost full recognition of gender's ID without a surgery or medical intervention (Excluding changing gender and name in birth certificate) ;[323] equal employment opportunity law bars discrimination based on gender identity[324][325][326]
Jordan Jordan Yes Legal since 1951[47] No No No Emblem-question.svg No Yes Allowed since 2014[327]
Kuwait Kuwait No Male illegal
Penalty: Fines or up to 6-year prison sentence.
Yes Female always legal[47][328]
No No No No No No Laws against forms of gender expression
Lebanon Lebanon No/Yes Technically legal since 2017. Illegal under Article 534 of the Penal Code. Some judges have ruled not to prosecute individuals based on the law, however, this has not been settled by the Supreme Court and thus homosexuality is still illegal.[329] However, a 2017 court ruling claims that it is legal, but the law against it is still in place.[330] No No No No No Yes Legal gender change allowed, but sex reassignment surgery required[331]
Oman Oman No Illegal
Penalty: Fines and prison sentence up to 3 years (Only enforced when dealing with "public scandal").[47]
No No No No No No Laws against forms of gender expression.
State of Palestine Palestine
West Bank:
Yes Legal since 1951 (As part of Jordan)[47]
Gaza:
No Male illegal
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment.
Yes Female always legal[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No No
Qatar Qatar No Illegal
Penalty: Fines, up to 7 years imprisonment[47]
No No No No No No
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia No No Illegal
Penalty: Prison sentences of several months to life, fines, castration, torture or death can be sentenced on first conviction. A second conviction merits execution.[47]
No No No No No No Laws against forms of gender expression.
Syria Syria No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment (Law de facto suspended)[332][47]
No No No No No Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates No No Imprisonment, fines, flogging, execution, and deportation;[333][334][335][336][337][338][339] Chemical castration,[340][341] forced psychological treatments,[342] beatings,[343] forced hormone injections,[344] and torture[343][345][343] have also been tolerated. No No No No No No In September 2016, the Government passed Federal Decree No 4, a series of changes to reduce doctors' criminal liability. The new law allows doctors to perform medical intervention on intersex people so as to "correct" their sex, effectively removing either the male or female genitalia. Sex reassignment surgery remains illegal. [346][347][348] Laws used to criminalize gender expression.
Yemen Yemen No Illegal
Penalty: Unmarried men punished with 100 lashes of the whip or a maximum of one year of imprisonment, stoning for adultery is not enforced. Women punished up to three years of imprisonment; where the offense has been committed under duress, the punishment is up to seven years detention.[47]
No No No No No No

South Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bangladesh Bangladesh Yes Legal for females No Illegal for males
Penalty: 10 years to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[47]
No No No No No Yes A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available[349]
Bhutan Bhutan Yes Legal since 2021.[350][351] No No Proposed No No No No
British Indian Ocean Territory British Indian Ocean Territory
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil partnerships since 2005 Yes Legal since 2014 Emblem-question.svg Yes UK responsible for defense Emblem-question.svg Emblem-question.svg
India India Yes Legal since 2018[352] Yes Unregistered Cohabitation Recognised No Proposed (under consideration) No Proposed No Proposed[353] Yes Discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited nation-wide[354][355][356] Yes A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available; transgender people have a constitutional right to change gender[357][358]
Maldives Maldives No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 8 years imprisonment, house arrest, lashings and fines[359]
No No No No No No
Nepal Nepal Yes Legal since 2007
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Proposed No Proposed No Proposed Yes Since 2007[citation needed] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Gender change legal since 2007[360]
Pakistan Pakistan No Illegal
Penalty: 2 years to life sentence (Not enforced).[47]
No No No No Yes Transphobia illegal

No Homophobia/biphobia is not illegal

Yes Right to change gender; transgender and intersex citizens have legal protections from all discrimination and harassment[361]
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka No (Ruled unenforcable by the Supreme Court, various outlets report it as decriminalized under the Sri Lankan legal system)[362][363] No No No No Yes[364][365] Yes Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention[366][367]

East Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
China China Yes Legal since 1997[47] No/Yes "Legal guardianship" since 2017 No No Emblem-question.svg No policy explicitly bars LGBT people from serving, but they may face discriminations under “public mortality or order” or mental health- related laws and regulations. No Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Hong Kong Hong Kong Yes Legal since 1991[47] No/Yes Same-sex marriages registered overseas for government benefits and taxation, and limited recognition of local cohabiting partners No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[368] Emblem-question.svg The central government of China is responsible for the defense of Hong Kong.[369] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination (government discrimination only) Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Japan Japan Yes Legal since 1880
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No * Symbolic recognition in some jurisdictions. No No Yes The Japan Self-Defense Forces allow gay people to enlist.[370] No/Yes No nationwide protections, but some cities ban some anti-gay discrimination[47] Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Macau Macau Yes Legal since 1996 No No No Emblem-question.svg The central government of China is responsible for the defence of Macau. Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Emblem-question.svg
Mongolia Mongolia Yes Legal since 1961
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but only after sex reassignment surgery
North Korea North Korea Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in North Korea)[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg Unknown, although there are heavily obeyed gender roles for both male and female. See also: Let's trim our hair in accordance with the socialist lifestyle
South Korea South Korea Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in South Korea)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No No No/Yes Protection from discrimination varies by jurisdiction in some areas, including Seoul Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but usually requires sex reassignment surgery
Taiwan Taiwan Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[371]
Yes check.svg[372] Yes check.svg Legal since 2019[373][374][375] No/Yes Stepchild adoption only; joint adoption pending Yes Yes Constitutionally bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but only after sex reassignment surgery[376]

Southeast Asia

LGBT rights in Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Brunei Brunei No No Illegal
Penalty: Death penalty (in abeyance), imprisonment and 100 lashes for men. Caning and 10 years prison for women.[377]
No No No No No No Laws prohibit forms of gender expression.
Cambodia Cambodia Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[47]
No/Yes Partnerships recognized in certain cities No There has been at least one recorded case of a legally registered and recognized same-sex marriage; constitutional ban No/Yes Officially banned, but numerous same-sex adoptions have taken place Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
East Timor East Timor Yes Legal since 1975
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Indonesia Indonesia Yes Legal nationwide, except;
No Illegal in the provinces of Aceh, and the city of Palembang, South Sumatra (Applies only to Muslims);[378][379][47]
No No No No[380] No Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery.No Aceh Province criminalizes forms of gender expression.
Laos Laos Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Malaysia Malaysia No Illegal
Penalty: fines, prison sentence (2-20 years), or whippings.[47][381]
No No No No No No Generally no way to change gender. However, a 2016 court ruling recognizes gender changes as fundamental constitutional rights[382] Forms of gender expression are criminalized.
Myanmar Myanmar No Illegal
Penalty: Up to life sentence (Not enforced).[47]
No No No No No No
Philippines Philippines Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[383][47][384]
No Pending[383] No Pending[385] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[386] Yes Since 2009 No/Yes In certain cities and provinces,[387] including Cebu City,[388] Quezon City, and Davao City;[389][390]
National bill pending
Yes[391]
Singapore Singapore No Male illegal
Penalty: up to 2 years prison sentence Yes Female legal since 2007[47]
No No No No/Yes Due to conscription, but gays are not allowed to go to command school or serve in sensitive units No Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Thailand Thailand Yes Legal since 1956
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No Pending[392] No No Pending[393] Yes Since 2005 Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination No Bill pending to allow transgender people to legally change gender after sex reassignment surgery.[394]

Yes Anti-discrimination protections for gender expression.[381]

Vietnam Vietnam Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity has ever existed in the country)[47]
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No LGBT individuals may adopt, not same-sex couples[395] Yes Irrespective of one's sexual orientation No Yes Gender changes recognized and officially practised since 2017;[396][397] previously, gender changes were only allowed for persons of congenital sex defects and unidentifiable sex


Europe

hideList of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Europe


Tables:

European Union

Main article: LGBT rights in the European Union
LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
European Union European Union Yes Legal in all 27 member states[398] Yes/No Legal in 21/27 member states
Yes/No Legal in 13/27 member states
Yes/No Stepchild adoption legal in 17/27 member states;
joint adoption legal in 14/27 member states
Yes Legal in all member states Yes Membership requires a state to ban anti-gay discrimination in employment.
3/27 states ban some anti-gay discrimination.
24/27 states ban all anti-gay discrimination
Yes/No Legal in 25/27 member states[399][dead link]

Central Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Austria Austria Yes Legal since 1971[47]
+ UN decl. sign.
Yes Registered partnerships since 2010[400] Yes Legal since 2019[401] Yes Stepchild adoption since 2013;
joint adoption since 2016[402][403][404]
Yes Includes transgender people[405] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Transgender people allowed to change gender without undergoing surgery[306]
Croatia Croatia Yes Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Life partnerships since 2014[407] No Constitutional ban since 2013[408] Yes Joint adoption since 2021 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406][409] Yes Act on the elimination of discrimination bans all discrimination based on both gender identity and gender expression. Gender change is regulated by special policy issued by Ministry of Health.[410]
Czech Republic Czech Republic Yes Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships since 2006[411] No Pending[412] No LGBT individuals in a registered partnership may adopt;[413] stepchild and joint adoption pending[414] Yes Includes transgender people[415] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (with mandatory sterilisation)[416]
Germany Germany Yes Legal in East Germany since 1968
Legal in West Germany since 1969
+ UN decl. sign.[47][417]
Yes Registered life partnerships from 2001 to 2017 (existing partnerships and new foreign partnerships still recognised)[418][419] Yes Legal since 2017[420] Yes Stepchild adoption since 2005; successive adoption since 2013; joint adoption legal since 2017[420] Yes Includes transgender people[421] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[422] Yes Gender change is legal; surgery not required[423]
Hungary Hungary Yes Legal since 1962
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships since 2009[424] No Constitutional ban since 2012[425][426][427][428] No Constitutional ban since 2020[429][426] Yes[citation needed] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity

No Transgender people are not allowed to change gender since 2020.[430] Gender identity is protected from discrimination.

Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Yes Legal since 1989
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships since 2011[431] No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[432] Has no military Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] No Gender change is not legal[416]
Poland Poland Yes Legal since 1932
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No/Yes Unregistered cohabitation since 2012;
registered partnership proposed 2019
No Constitutional ban since 1997[433] (Article 18 of the Constitution is generally interpreted as limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples[434][435][436][437][438][439])[b] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[441] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Transgender people allowed to change gender but require undergoing medical treatment such as HRT or surgery. No provisions for nonbinary people.
Slovakia Slovakia Yes Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No/Yes some limited rights for unregistered cohabiting same-sex couples since 2018;
Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018
No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[442] Yes[citation needed] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[443][444] Yes Requires sterilisation for change[416]
Slovenia Slovenia Yes Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships since 2006[445];
Registered cohabitation since 2017[446]
No No/Yes Stepchild adoption since 2011[447] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Gender change is legal[448]
Switzerland Switzerland Yes Legal nationwide since 1942
Legal in the cantons of Geneva (as part of France), Ticino, Valais, and Vaud since 1798
+ UN decl. sign.[47][449]
Yes Registered partnerships in Geneva (2001),[450] Zürich (2003),[451] Neuchâtel (2004)[452] and Fribourg (2005)[452]
Nationwide since 2007[453]
No Approved by Parliament. (Awaiting prospective referendum.)[454] No/Yes Stepchild adoption since 2018[455]
Joint adoption approved by Parliament. (Awaiting prospective referendum.)
Yes Includes transgender people[456] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination [457] Yes Legal documents can be issued based on a person's new gender identity. Sterilisation is technically required but has not been enforced since 2012. A registered partnership can become a marriage between the new opposite-sex couple.[458]

Eastern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Abkhazia Abkhazia
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal after 1991 No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Armenia Armenia Yes Legal since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 2015[459][460] No No[461] No No
Republic of Artsakh Artsakh
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal since 2000 No No Constitutional ban since 2006[462] No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Yes Legal since 2000[47] No No No No No No
Belarus Belarus Yes Legal since 1994[47] No No Constitutional ban since 1994[463] No No/Yes Banned from military service during peacetime, but during wartime homosexuals are permitted to enlist as partially able[464] No Yes
Georgia (country) Georgia Yes Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 2018 No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[465] Yes Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[416]
Moldova Moldova Yes Legal since 1995
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 1994[466] No Yes[citation needed] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2017[416]
Romania Romania Yes Legal since 1996
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No/Yes Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018;[467]
Civil unions proposed[468]
No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[469] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (sterilisation mandatory)[416]
Russia Russia Yes Male legal since 1993
Female always legal[470][47]
No Illegal in practice in Chechnya, where homosexuals are abducted and sent to concentration camps based on their perceived sexual orientation.
No No Constitutional ban since 2020 No No No Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery to legally change gender.
South Ossetia South Ossetia
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal after 1991 No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Transnistria Transnistria
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal since 2002[471] No No No Emblem-question.svg No Emblem-question.svg
Ukraine Ukraine Yes Legal since 1991
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 1996[472] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[473] Yes[474][failed verification] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[475] Yes No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2016

Northern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Denmark Denmark Yes Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships from 1989 to 2012 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[476] Yes Legal since 2012[477][478] Yes Stepchild adoption since 1999;
joint adoption since 2010[479][480]
Yes Includes transgender people[481] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy[482]
Estonia Estonia Yes Legal since 1992
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Cohabitation agreement since 2016[483] No Marriage performed abroad was recognized between 2016 and 2019[484] Yes/No Stepchild adoption since 2016; couples where both partners are infertile may also jointly adopt non-biological children since 2016 Yes[citation needed] Includes transgender people[485] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Gender reassignment legal; surgery not required[416]
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands
(Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark)
Yes Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Yes Legal since 2017[486][487] Yes Legal since 2017 Yes The Kingdom of Denmark responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[488][489] No[490]
Finland Finland
Åland Islands (includes Åland Islands)
Yes Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships from 2002 to 2017 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[491] Yes Legal since 2017[492] Yes Stepchild adoption since 2009;
joint adoption since 2017
Yes Includes transgender people[493] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Legal change and recognition is possible only with sterilisation[494]
Iceland Iceland Yes Legal since 1940
(As part of Denmark)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered cohabitation since 2006;[495]
Registered partnerships from 1996 to 2010 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[496]
Yes Legal since 2010[497][498] Yes Legal since 2006[499][500] No standing army Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required[501][416]
Latvia Latvia Yes Legal since 1992
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No/Yes Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 No Constitutional ban since 2006[502] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples, incl. stepchild adoption[503] Yes[504] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[505] YesLegal change allowed[506] but requires "full" transition and doctor's or court's approval.[507] Sterilization required.[508]
Lithuania Lithuania Yes Legal since 1993
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No/Yes Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018; Cohabitation agreement pending [509] No Constitutional ban since 1992[510] No Only married couples can adopt[511] Yes[citation needed] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Gender change legal; surgery required[512]
Norway Norway Yes Legal since 1972
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships from 1993 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[513] Yes Legal since 2009[514][515] Yes Stepchild adoption since 2002;
joint adoption since 2009[516][517]
Yes Includes transgender people[518] Yes Discrimination based on sexual orientation illegal[519] Yes All documents can be amended to the recognised gender[306]
Sweden Sweden Yes Legal since 1944
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships from 1995 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[520] Yes Legal since 2009[521] Yes Legal since 2003[522][523] Yes[524] Includes transgender people[525] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes[526]

Southern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Akrotiri and Dhekelia
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[47][527][528]
Yes Since 2005, for members of the British Armed Forces[529] Yes Since 2014, for members of the British Armed Forces[530] Emblem-question.svg Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[531] Emblem-question.svg
Albania Albania Yes Legal since 1995
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] No No legal recognition[416]
Andorra Andorra Yes Legal since 1990
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Stable unions since 2005[532]; Civil unions since 2014[533] No(pending) Yes Legal since 2014[534][533][535] Has no military Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] No No legal recognition[416]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Legal since 1996 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Republika Srpska since 1998, and in Brčko District since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes[citation needed] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Requires surgery for change[536]
Bulgaria Bulgaria Yes Legal since 1968
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No/Yes Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 No Constitutional ban since 1991[537] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[538] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.[539][540]

No Transgender people are not allowed to change gender since 2017.[541][542]

Cyprus Cyprus Yes Legal since 1998
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil cohabitation since 2015[543] No No Yes[544] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.[545]

No Gender change is not legal.

Gibraltar Gibraltar
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 1993
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil partnerships since 2014[546] Yes Legal since 2016[547] Yes Legal since 2014 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[548] Yes Forbids discrimination on the grounds of gender reassignment[548]

No Gender change is not legal

Greece Greece Yes Legal since 1951 + UN decl. sign.[47] Yes Cohabitation agreements since 2015[549] No No Same-sex couples in a civil partnership may become foster parents;[550] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Under the Legal Gender Recognition Act 2017[551][552]
Italy Italy Yes Legal since 1890
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil unions since 2016[553] No/Yes One same-sex marriage was recognized in 2017[554] No/Yes Stepchild adoption admitted by the Court of Cassation since 2016[555][556] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required[557][558]
Kosovo Kosovo
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal since 1994
(as part of Yugoslavia)[47]
No No[559] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[560][561] Yes[citation needed] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[562] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.

No No legal recognition[416]

Malta Malta Yes Legal since 1973
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil unions since 2014[563] Yes Legal since 2017 Yes Legal since 2014 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016
Yes Transgender people allowed to change gender; surgery not required since 2015[564]
Montenegro Montenegro Yes Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Life partnership from July 2021[565] No Constitutional ban since 2007[566][567] No Yes[citation needed] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[306][416]
North Macedonia North Macedonia Yes Legal since 1996
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes[citation needed] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.

Gender change is legally recognized since 2021

Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus
(Disputed territory)
Yes Legal since 2014[568][569][47] No No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[568][569] Yes Legal, requires surgery for change[570]
Portugal Portugal Yes Legal since 1983
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes De facto unions since 2001[571][572] Yes Legal since 2010[573] Yes Legal since 2016[574][575][576] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes All documents can be amended to the recognised gender since 2011[577]
San Marino San Marino Yes Legal since 1865
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil unions since 2019 No Yes/No Stepchild adoption legal since 2019 Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination No No legal recognition[306]
Serbia Serbia Yes Legal from 1858, when nominally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire to 1860,[578] and again since 1994 (As part of Yugoslavia)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No Constitutional ban since 2006[579] No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Legal after 1 year of hormone therapy, surgery no longer required since 2019[580]
Spain Spain Yes Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes De facto unions in Catalonia (1998),[581] Aragon (1999),[581] Navarre (2000),[581] Castile-La Mancha (2000),[581] Valencia (2001),[582] the Balearic Islands (2001),[583] Madrid (2001),[581] Asturias (2002),[584] Castile and León (2002),[585] Andalusia (2002),[581] the Canary Islands (2003),[581] Extremadura (2003),[581] Basque Country (2003),[581] Cantabria (2005),[586] Galicia (2008)[587] La Rioja (2010),[588] and Murcia (2018),[589][590] and in both autonomous cities; Ceuta (1998)[591] and Melilla (2008).[592] Yes Legal since 2005[593] Yes Legal since 2005[594][595] Yes Includes transgender people[596] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Andalusia, Aragon, Madrid, Murcia and Valencia
Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[597]
Turkey Turkey Yes Legal since 1858[47] No No No No No Yes Legal since 1988, requires sterilisation and surgery for change[598]
Vatican City Vatican City Yes Legal since 1890 (As part of Italy)[47] No No N/A Has no military No X mark.svg

Western Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belgium Belgium Yes Legal nationwide since 1795
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Legal cohabitation since 2000[599] Yes Legal since 2003[600][601][602] Yes Legal since 2006[603][604] Yes Includes transgender people[605] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Since 2018, sex changes do not require sterilisation and surgery[606]
France France Yes Legal nationwide since 1791
Legal in Savoy since 1792
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999[607] Yes Legal since 2013[608] Yes Legal since 2013[609] Yes Includes transgender people[610] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[406] Yes Since 2017, sex changes no longer requires sterilisation and surgery[611]
Bailiwick of Guernsey Guernsey
(Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 1983
+ UN decl. sign.[612][613][47]
Yes Civil partnerships performed in the UK abroad recognised for succession purposes in inheritance and other matters respecting interests in property since 2012[614][615][616] Legal cohabitation since 2017[617] Yes Legal since 2017 in Guernsey, since 2018 in Alderney, and since 2020 in Sark[618]
[619]
Yes Legal since 2017[620] Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[621] Yes Legal gender changes since 2007[622][623]
Republic of Ireland Ireland Yes Male legal since 1993
Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil partnerships from 2011 to 2015 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[624] Yes Legal since 2015 after a constitutional referendum[625] Yes Legal since 2017[626][627][628][629][630][631] Yes Includes transgender people[632] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[633][634][635] Yes Under the Gender Recognition Act 2015[636]
Isle of Man Isle of Man
(Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 1992
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil partnerships since 2011[637] Yes Legal since 2016[638] Yes Legal since 2011 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[639] Yes Transgender people are allowed to change their legal gender and to have their new gender recognised as a result of the Gender Recognition Act 2009 (c.11)[640][641]
Jersey Jersey
(Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 1990
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil partnerships since 2012[642] Yes Legal since 2018[643][644] Yes Legal since 2012 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[645] Yes Under the Gender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010[646]
Luxembourg Luxembourg Yes Legal since 1795
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnerships since 2004[647] Yes Legal since 2015[648][649] Yes Legal since 2015[650] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[651] Yes No divorce, sterilization and/or surgery legally required since September 2018 for change of gender[652][416]
Monaco Monaco Yes Legal since 1793
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Cohabitation agreements since 2020 No No Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[47] Emblem-question.svg
Netherlands Netherlands Yes Legal since 1811
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Registered partnership since 1998[653] Yes Legal since 2001[654] Yes Legal since 2001[655][656] Yes Includes transgender people[657] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[658] Yes Since 2014, sex changes do not require sterilisation and surgery[659][660]
United Kingdom United Kingdom Yes Female always legal. Male legal in England and Wales since 1967, in Scotland since 1981, and in Northern Ireland since 1982

+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil partnerships since 2005[661] Yes Legal in England and Wales, and Scotland since 2014, and Northern Ireland since 2020[662][662] Yes Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009 and Northern Ireland since 2013[663][664][665] Yes Since 2000; Includes transgender people[666] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[667][47] [668] Yes Under the Gender Recognition Act 2004

Oceania

hideList of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Oceania


Tables:

Australasia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Australia Australia
(including territories of
 Christmas Island and the
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Yes Always legal for women. Male legal in some states and territories since 1975, nationwide since 1997. Tasmania was the last state to legalise male homosexuality
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Unregistered cohabitation nationally since 2009;
Domestic partnerships in Tasmania (2004),[669] South Australia (2007),[670] Victoria (2008),[671] New South Wales (2010),[672] and Queensland (2012);[673]
Civil unions in the Australian Capital Territory (2012)[674]
Yes Legal since 2017[675] Yes Legal nationwide since 2018 Yes Gay men and lesbians since 1992[676]; Transgender and intersex people since 2010[677] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[678] Yes (However both NSW and QLD legally require sex reassignment surgery to change sex on a birth certificate).[679][680][678]
New Zealand New Zealand Yes Legal since 1986
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Unregistered cohabitation since 2002;
Civil unions since 2005
Yes Legal since 2013[681] Yes Legal since 2013[681] Yes Since 1993; Includes transgender people[682] Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Covered under the "sex discrimination" provision of the Human Rights Act 1993

Melanesia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Fiji Fiji Yes Legal since 2010
+ UN decl. sign.[683][47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[47]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010
Emblem-question.svg
New Caledonia New Caledonia
(Special collectivity of France)
Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 2009[684] Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea No Male illegal
Penalty: 3 to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Yes Female always legal[47]
No No No No No No
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands No Illegal
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).[47]
No No No Has no military No[685] No
Vanuatu Vanuatu Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed since independence[686])
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Emblem-question.svg Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination No

Micronesia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Guam Guam
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)
Yes Legal since 1978 Yes Since 2015 Yes Legal since 2015 Yes Legal since 2002 Yes United States responsible for defense[687][688] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Allowed to legally change gender, but requires sex reassignment surgery
Federated States of Micronesia Micronesia Yes Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Has no military Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[689] Emblem-question.svg
Kiribati Kiribati No Male illegal
Penalty: 5-14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Yes Female legal[47]
No No No Has no military Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination No
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands Yes Legal since 2005
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Has no military Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[690] Emblem-question.svg
Nauru Nauru Yes Legal since 2016[691][692]
+ UN decl. sign.
No No No Has no military No
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016
No
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)
Yes Legal since 1983 Yes Since 2015 Yes Legal since 2015 Yes Legal since 2015 Yes United States responsible for defense[687][688] Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[693][694] Yes Under the Vital Statistics Act of 2006
Palau Palau Yes Legal since 2014
+ UN decl. sign.[695]
No No Constitutional ban since 2008 No Has no military No No
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands
(Unincorporated territories of the United States)
Yes Legal Yes Yes Legal Yes Legal Yes United States responsible for defense[687][688] No No

Polynesia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
American Samoa American Samoa
(Unincorporated territory of the United States)[696]
Yes Legal since 1980 No No[697] No Yes United States responsible for defense[687][688] No Yes[698]
Easter Island Easter Island
(Special territory of Chile)
Yes Legal since 1999;
Age of consent discrepancy
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil unions since 2015 No Pending No Pending Yes Chile responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021
Yes Since 2007
Cook Islands Cook Islands
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)
No Male illegal
Penalty: 5-14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Legalization pending[699]
Yes Female legal
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes New Zealand responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[700] No
French Polynesia French Polynesia
(Overseas collectivity of France)
Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law
Hawaii Hawaii
(Constituent state of the United States)
Yes Since 1972 Yes Since 1997 Yes Since 2013 Yes Since 2012 Yes United States responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes
Niue Niue
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)
No Male illegal
Penalty: 5-10 years imprisonment.[701]
Yes Female legal
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes New Zealand responsible for defence Emblem-question.svg Emblem-question.svg
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Since 2015 Yes Legal since 2015[702] Yes Legal since 2015[703] Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination[704] Emblem-question.svg
Samoa Samoa No Male illegal
Penalty: 5-7 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Yes Female always legal
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Has no military Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[705]
Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2007
Emblem-question.svg Samoa has a large transgender or "third-gender" community called the fa'afafine. They are a recognized part of traditional Samoan customs.
Tokelau Tokelau
(Part of the Realm of New Zealand)
Yes Legal since 2003[706]
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Yes New Zealand responsible for defence No No
Tonga Tonga No Male illegal
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Yes Female always legal[47]
No No No No No No
Tuvalu Tuvalu No Male illegal
Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).
Yes Female legal
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
No No No Has no military Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Emblem-question.svg
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna
(Overseas collectivity of France)
Yes Legal
(No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity)
+ UN decl. sign.[47]
Yes Civil solidarity pact since 2009 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes France responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Under French law

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Legal nationwide, except the provinces of Aceh and for Muslims in the city of Palembang in South Sumatra.
  2. ^ In January 2019, a lower administrative court in Warsaw ruled that the language in Article 18 of the Constitution does not explicitly ban same-sex marriage.[440]

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  439. ^ *Gallo D; Paladini L; Pustorino P, eds. (2014). Same-Sex Couples before National, Supranational and International Jurisdictions. Berlin: Springer. p. 215. ISBN 978-3-642-35434-2. the drafters of the 1997 Polish Constitution included a legal definition of a marriage as the union of a woman and a man in the text of the constitution in order to ensure that the introduction of same-sex marriage would not be passed without a constitutional amendment.
    • Marek Safjan; Leszek Bosek, eds. (2016). Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1-86. Warszawa: C.H. Beck Wydawnictwo Polska. ISBN 9788325573652. Z przeprowadzonej powyżej analizy prac nad Konstytucją RP wynika jednoznacznie, że zamieszczenie w art. 18 Konstytucji RP zwrotu definicyjnego "związek kobiety i mężczyzny" stanowiło reakcję na fakt pojawienia się w państwach obcych regulacji poddającej związki osób tej samej płci regulacji zbliżonej lub zbieżnej z instytucją małżeństwa. Uzupełniony tym zwrotem przepis konstytucyjny "miał pełnić rolę instrumentu zapobiegającego wprowadzeniu takiej regulacji do prawa polskiego" (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772). Innego motywu jego wprowadzenia do Konstytucji RP nie da się wskazać (szeroko w tym zakresie B. Banaszkiewicz, "Małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny", s. 640 i n.; zob. też Z. Strus, Znaczenie artykułu 18 Konstytucji, s. 236 i n.). Jak zauważa A. Mączyński istotą tej regulacji było normatywne przesądzenie nie tylko o niemożliwości unormowania w prawie polskim "małżeństw pomiędzy osobami tej samej płci", lecz również innych związków, które mimo tego, że nie zostałyby określone jako małżeństwo miałyby spełniać funkcje do niego podobną (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772; tenże, Konstytucyjne i międzynarodowe uwarunkowania, s. 91; podobnie L. Garlicki, Artykuł 18, w: Garlicki, Konstytucja, t. 3, uw. 4, s. 2, który zauważa, że w tym zakresie art. 18 nabiera "charakteru normy prawnej").
    • Scherpe JM, ed. (2016). European Family Law Volume III: Family Law in a European Perspective Family. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-78536-304-7. Constitutional bans on same-sex marriage are now applicable in ten European countries: Article 32, Belarus Constitution; Article 46 Bulgarian Constitution; Article L Hungarian Constitution, Article 110, Latvian Constitution; Article 38.3 Lithuanian Constitution; Article 48 Moldovan Constitution; Article 71 Montenegrin Constitution; Article 18 Polish Constitution; Article 62 Serbian Constitution; and Article 51 Ukrainian Constitution.
    • Stewart J, Lloyd KC (2016). "Marriage Equality in Europe". Family Advocate. 38 (4): 37–40. Article 18 of the Polish Constitution limits the institution of marriage to opposite-sex couples.
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