Same-sex marriage in Baja California Sur

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Notes
  1. Performed statewide in 25 of 31 states and in Mexico City, in certain municipalities in one other state, and recognized by all states in such cases.
  2. Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the Caribbean Netherlands. Registered in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  3. Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  4. Neither performed nor recognized in the five Caribbean overseas territories.
  5. Neither performed nor recognized in American Samoa or some tribal nations.
  6. Cohabitation. Registered foreign marriages confer limited rights. Marriage recognized in some cities.
  7. Degree of recognition unknown. No actual cases to date.
  8. The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens.
  9. Legal guardianships (nationwide, except Hong Kong and Macau), residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents (Hong Kong).
  10. Unregistered cohabitation or Maitri Karar–type contractual relationships.
  11. Some cities and prefectures issue certificates for same-sex couples, but they are not legally binding.
  12. Foreign same-sex spouses are eligible for a "Non-Tourist Visa" as a dependent.
* Not yet in effect
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Same-sex marriage in Baja California Sur has been legal since 29 June 2019. On 27 June, the state Congress passed a bill legalizing same-sex marriage in the state of Baja California Sur. The bill was published in the official state gazette on 28 June and took effect the following day.

Legal history[]

Same-sex unions in Mexico
  Same-sex marriages performed.*
Stripes: In some municipalities only.
  Civil unions performed; marriage by amparo only.
  Marriage not performed (except by amparo) despite court order.
  Marriage accessible by amparo or by traveling out of state.
*Legislation is not equal in all states. See details.

Legislative action[]

On 9 April 2010, the organization La Comunidad Sudcaliforniana en Diversidad Sexual proposed reforms to the state Civil Code to allow same-sex couples to marry and adopt.[1] No action was taken by the state Congress over the following years, as local politicians deflected the issue saying that "the public must be consulted".[2][3] Even after several court decisions in favor of same-sex couples, members of the local Congress said that the issue was not on the legislative agenda.[4]

On 25 March 2015, the Chief Justice of the Baja California Sur Supreme Court, Daniel Gallo Rodríguez, handed Congress a bill to legalize same-sex marriage.[5] On 15 April, a member of Congress told the media that analysis of the proposal would begin in May.[6] On 17 May 2016, the International Day Against Homophobia, a congresswoman from the conservative National Action Party (PAN) announced that the bill would be voted on by the state Congress before 30 June.[7] No vote took place however, and the proposal was put in the "legislative freezer" (congelador legislativo).

In the July 2018 elections, the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and other parties supporting same-sex marriage won a majority of legislative seats in Congress. In September 2018, several deputies promised to push the newly elected Congress to pass a same-sex marriage bill.[8] In May 2019, Deputy Rosalba Rodríguez López (MORENA) introduced a same-sex marriage bill to Congress.[9] On 27 June 2019, the state Congress approved the legislation in a 14–5 vote with one abstention.[10][11] It was signed by Governor Carlos Mendoza Davis the same day and published in the official journal on 28 June. The law took effect the following day.[12][13][14]

Article 150 of the Civil Code of Baja California Sur now reads as follows:

  • in Spanish: El matrimonio es la unión libre de dos personas para realizar la comunidad de vida, en donde ambos se procuran respeto, igualdad y ayuda mutua, mediante la cohabitación doméstica y sexual.
  • (Marriage is the free union of two people to establish a life together, where both partners seek respect, equality and mutual assistance, by means of domestic and sexual cohabitation.)
Political party[15] Members Yes No Abstain Absent
National Regeneration Movement 8 8
Independents 7 3 3 1
Institutional Revolutionary Party 1 1
National Action Party 1 1
Labor Party 1 1
Party of the Democratic Revolution 1 1
Humanist Party 1 1
Partido de Renovación Sudcaliforniana 1 1
Total 21 14 5 1 1

Injunctions and legal challenges[]

See also: Same-sex marriage in Mexico § México Igualitario Project

The Mexican Supreme Court ruled on 12 June 2015 that state bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional nationwide. The court's ruling is considered a "jurisprudential thesis" and did not invalidate state laws, meaning that same-sex couples denied the right to marry would still have to seek individual injunctions (amparo) in court. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriages and made the approval mandatory.

The first injunction in favor of same-sex marriage in Baja California Sur was granted on 21 October 2014.[16][17] The case involved 9 same-sex couples, 14 women and 4 men, who had filed an injunction in court in August 2014 contesting the constitutionality of articles 150 and 330 of the state Civil Code. Article 150 defined marriage as the "legitimate union of a man and a woman" and whose goal was "perpetuating the species", and article 330 similarly defined concubinage as between "a man and a woman".[18] On 21 October, a district judge declared the two articles unconstitutional and gave the 9 couples in question the right to marry. An appeal was filed, and ultimately the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the couples in March 2016.[19] This court decision only allowed the 9 couples involved in the case to marry. The couples were represented by LGBT activist and lawyer Nolzuly Almodóvar García.

In February 2015, 18 same-sex couples, 32 women and 4 men, filed an injunction in court seeking the right to marry their partner. Lawyer Almodóvar García represented the couples. The injunction was granted by the First District Court in April 2015.[20]

Lawyer Almodóvar García has represented several same-sex couples in these injunctions. In November 2014, he helped 10 couples from La Paz file an injunction for same-sex marriage,[21] and did so again in April 2015 for 6 couples.[20] By 20 August 2016, 180 people had been granted the right to marry by the courts.[22]

Marriage statistics[]

The following table shows the number of same-sex marriages performed in Baja California Sur since 2019 as reported by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography.[23]

Number of marriages performed in Baja California Sur
Year Same-sex Opposite-sex Total % same-sex
Female Male Total
2019 15 12 27 2,391 2,418 1.12%
2020 24 9 33 1,581 1,614 2.04%

Public opinion[]

A 2017 opinion poll conducted by Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica found that 59% of Baja California Sur residents supported same-sex marriage, while 36% were opposed.[24]

According to a 2018 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 42% of the Baja California Sur public opposed same-sex marriage.[25]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Activistas de Baja California Sur proponen matrimonio gay en la entidad". notiese.org.
  2. ^ "BCS, lejos del matrimonio gay". Peninsular Digital. 2013-04-18.
  3. ^ "No debe tomarse a la ligera la aprobación de los matrimonios gay". Peninsular Digital. 2014-04-29.
  4. ^ Antonio de Jesús Cervantes. "Matrimonio igualitario no está en agenda del Congreso local". Semanario ZETA.
  5. ^ "El Tribunal Superior propuso la legalización del matrimonio gay en BCS". BCS Noticias. 2015-03-25.
  6. ^ "En mayo legislarán sobre matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo". Peninsular Digital. 2015-04-16.
  7. ^ "Este año quedarán homologados los matrimonios entre personas del mismo sexo" (in Spanish). Peninsular Digital. 17 May 2016.
  8. ^ (in Spanish) Nuevos diputados de BCS prometen sacar al matrimonio gay y la eutanasia de la "congeladora"
  9. ^ "[Video] Se enciende el Congreso por iniciativa de matrimonio igualitario". El Sudcaliforniano (in Spanish). 7 May 2019.
  10. ^ "Histórico: Congreso aprueba los matrimonios gays en Baja California Sur". BCS Noticias. 2019-06-28. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  11. ^ "¡Acepto! Congreso de Baja California Sur aprueba matrimonio igualitario". milenio.com. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  12. ^ DECRETO 2624 Se Deroga el Artículo 174 y se Reforman los Artículos 150, 157, 173, 176, 218 y 220 todos del Código Civil para el Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California Sur
  13. ^ "El Registro Civil ya podrá realizar matrimonios igualitarios". El Sudcaliforniano. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  14. ^ "Publica Boletín Oficial del Gobierno de BCS reformas que permite Matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo". Diario El Independiente. 2019-06-28. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  15. ^ "Boletín de prensa No. 113". Congreso del Estado de Baja California Sur (in Spanish). 14 May 2019.
  16. ^ "Sentencian a favor del matrimonio igualitario en BCS". octavodia.mx. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014.
  17. ^ "SCJN permite el matrimonio gay en Baja California Sur". BCS Noticias. 2014-10-24.
  18. ^ "Se amparan 18 personas por el matrimonio gay en BCS; buscan la adopción". BCS Noticias. 2014-08-08.
  19. ^ "Resuelve Primera Sala asuntos sobre violencia de género y no discriminación". Canal Judicial. 2016-03-10. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  20. ^ a b "Gana segundo amparo comunidad LGBT en BCS; se alistan cuatro matrimonios". octavodia.mx. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015.
  21. ^ "Insistirán en legalizar el matrimonio igualitario en BCS". octavodia.mx. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014.
  22. ^ "Existen 180 amparos otorgados para unir a personas mediante el "Matrimonio Igualitario" en BCS". Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  23. ^ "Matrimonios, Entidad y municipio de registro, Sexo, Sexo". INEGI (in Spanish).
  24. ^ Encuesta nacional 2017, Gabinete de Comunicación Estratégica
  25. ^ "#Data | ¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay? - El Sol de México". elsoldemexico.com.mx. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
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