Same-sex marriage in Guanajuato

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  1. Performed statewide in 25 of 31 states and in Mexico City, in certain municipalities in one other state, and recognized by all states in such cases.
  2. Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the Caribbean Netherlands. Registered in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  3. Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  4. Neither performed nor recognized in the five Caribbean overseas territories.
  5. Neither performed nor recognized in American Samoa or some tribal nations.
  6. Cohabitation. Registered foreign marriages confer limited rights. Marriage recognized in some cities.
  7. Degree of recognition unknown. No actual cases to date.
  8. The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens.
  9. Legal guardianships (nationwide, except Hong Kong and Macau), residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents (Hong Kong).
  10. Unregistered cohabitation or Maitri Karar–type contractual relationships.
  11. Some cities and prefectures issue certificates for same-sex couples, but they are not legally binding.
  12. Foreign same-sex spouses are eligible for a "Non-Tourist Visa" as a dependent.
* Not yet in effect
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Same-sex marriage in Guanajuato has been legal since 20 December 2021.[1][2] That day, the Secretary of State, Libia Dennise García Muñoz, issued an official directive addressed to officials of the state civil registry that, effective immediately, same-sex couples can marry in the state.[3]

Guanajuato became the 23rd Mexican state, and the 24th jurisdiction (as Mexico City is not a state), to legalize same-sex marriage.

Legal history[]

Same-sex unions in Mexico
  Same-sex marriages performed.*
Stripes: In some municipalities only.
  Civil unions performed; marriage by amparo only.
  Marriage not performed (except by amparo) despite court order.
  Marriage accessible by amparo or by traveling out of state.
*Legislation is not equal in all states. See details.

Background[]

On 12 June 2015, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation ruled that state bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional nationwide. The court's ruling is considered a "jurisprudential thesis" and did not invalidate state laws, meaning that same-sex couples denied the right to marry would still have to seek individual injunctions (amparo) in court. The ruling standardized the procedures for judges and courts throughout Mexico to approve all applications for same-sex marriages and made the approval mandatory. The court based its decision on Article 4 of the Constitution of Mexico,[a] which respects matrimonial equality.[5] Several Mexican states legalized same-sex marriage in the years following the court ruling.

Legislative action[]

On 21 February 2014, the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) introduced a bill to the Congress of Guanajuato to amend the Civil Code to legalize same-sex marriage.[6] The measure was endorsed by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI),[7] but on 13 April 2015 the Justice Committee of Congress with a majority from the state's ruling National Action Party (PAN) voted 3–2 to shelve the bill citing PAN's objection to same-sex unions.[8]

On 29 April 2016, the Guanajuato City Council unanimously passed a resolution allowing a lesbian couple to marry in the municipality. The council also urged Governor Miguel Márquez Márquez to introduce legislation to legalize same-sex marriage.[9] In October 2018, PRD Deputy Isidoro Bazaldúa Lugo introduced a same-sex marriage bill to Congress.[10] Another bill to legalize same-sex marriage was introduced following the 2021 legislative elections.

Injunctions and legal challenges[]

See also: Same-sex marriage in Mexico § México Igualitario Project

On 2 September 2013, a lesbian couple was denied the right to marry by the civil registry. The couple appealed the denial in federal court. Attorneys representing the civil registry argued that state law defined marriage as "the union of a man and a woman" and as such the couple could not marry, whereas the couple's attorneys argued that the ban was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Mexico. On 18 September 2013, a judge ruled in the couple's favor and granted them the right to marry.[11] On 19 March 2014, the couple, who remained anonymous, became the first same-sex couple to marry in Guanajuato.[12][13]

On 4 March 2014, a local PRI deputy said he would help a group of same-sex couples from León and Silao to file injunctions to marry.[14] An injunction for 30 couples from León was filed two weeks later.[15] A further injunction was filed in Irapuato for several more couples later that year.[16] On 25 November 2014, the First District Court ruled in favor of a request by a same-sex couple to marry. The state did not appeal, and the couple married in January 2015.[17][18]

In April 2016, officials from the civil registry said that nine same-sex couples had married in the state by that time.[19] A tenth injunction was granted to a same-sex couple from Salamanca in August 2016.[20] By May 2018, 43 injunctions on same-sex marriage had been granted in the state.[21]

Directive 2261/2021[]

On 20 December 2021, citing jurisprudence established by the Mexican Supreme Court, Secretary of State Libia Dennise García Muñoz issued an official directive, 2261/2021, addressed to all civil registry officials in Guanajuato that, effective immediately, same-sex couples can marry in the state without the further need of their first obtaining a judicial amparo.[22][23] The directive states:[3]

As of this date and thereafter, the right of all people, without discrimination due to their sexual preference, to marry in our Civil Registry offices is recognized.

Activist Juan Pablo Delgado, founding member of LGBT group León Libre, welcomed the measure, saying, "Today Guanajuato joins the list of states that allow equal marriage. While the need to reform local law continues, a huge step is taken in building a society that offers equal conditions for all people. Long live diversity."[24] Guanajuato's reputation as one of the most conservative states in Mexico was also cause for widespread media coverage that followed the Secretary of State's announcement.[3]

The first marriage of a same-sex couples was performed on 10 January 2022 in Irapuato.[25]

On 26 January 2022, Governor Diego Sinhué Rodríguez Vallejo issued an executive decree repealing article 72 of the civil registry regulations, which had established as a requisite for marriage that the partners be of opposite sexes. The decree entered into effect that same day.[26]

Public opinion[]

According to a 2018 survey by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 39% of the Guanajuato public opposed same-sex marriage.[27]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Article 4 states El varón y la mujer son iguales ante la ley. Esta protegerá la organización y el desarrollo de la familia. in Spanish, Ra ñ’o̱ho ne ra be̱hñä rangutho di ge ra hmända. Nuna mädi ra mutsi ne ra te nuya mengu. in Otomi,[4] and Iru ki manir tarehsa’s enkha’ mindehs. Kini kane ripɇr o me urir ndi imhus o awehr. in Chichimeca Jonaz, translating to "Man and woman are equal under the law. The law shall protect the organization and development of the family."

References[]

  1. ^ "Aprueban el matrimonio igualitario en Guanajuato". El Universal (in Spanish). 20 December 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  2. ^ "Another state gives green light to same-sex marriages". Mexico News Daily. 21 December 2021.
  3. ^ a b c "Guanajuato, uno de los estados más conservadores, ya legalizó el matrimonio igualitario". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  4. ^ "Ndäthot'i, hñäsümpo̱te xe̲ni hnini ga̱tho m'onda̱" (PDF). INALI.
  5. ^ "Mexico's Constitution of 1917 with Amendments through 2015" (PDF). www.constituteproject.org.
  6. ^ UNIÓN GUANAJUATO, Redes de Información y Educación del Siglo XXI de EL UNIVERSAL y UNO TV. "PRD propone que Guanajuato permita matrimonios gay". unionguanajuato.mx.
  7. ^ UNIÓN GUANAJUATO, Redes de Información y Educación del Siglo XXI de EL UNIVERSAL y UNO TV. "PRI se suma a matrimonios gay en Guanajuato". unionguanajuato.mx.
  8. ^ Carmen Pizano. "Voto panista archiva iniciativas para legalizar el matrimonio gay en Guanajuato". ZonaFrancaMX.
  9. ^ "Acuerda ayuntamiento de Guanajuato apoyar a pareja gay para contraer matrimonio". Zona Franca (in Mexican Spanish). 2016-04-29. Retrieved 2017-10-13.
  10. ^ "Presentan iniciativa para matrimonio gay". Periódico Correo. 19 October 2018.
  11. ^ "Pareja lésbica de Guanajuato obtiene amparo para contraer matrimonio". NotieSe. 19 September 2013.
  12. ^ "Primera boda gay en #Guanajuato". Soy Vallense. 19 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  13. ^ "Lesbian Couple Marries in Mexican State of Guanajuato". On Top Magazine. 20 March 2014.
  14. ^ "PRI apoyará a 45 parejas gays para que se casen en Guanajuato". SDPnoticias.com.
  15. ^ "Estado – Asi Sucede Guanajuato – Page 55". asisucedegto.mx.
  16. ^ "Promueven amparo para legalizar bodas gay en Guanajuato". Guanajuato Informa. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014.
  17. ^ "Periódico Correo Pareja 'gay' obtiene amparo para casarse". Periódico Correo.
  18. ^ "Impiden a pareja gay casarse en plaza de León; lo hacen en pizzería". Proceso.
  19. ^ "En trámite, 13 amparos de parejas gay para casarse". El Sol de León. 29 April 2016.
  20. ^ "Celebran primera boda gay de la ciudad de Salamanca". Periódico Correo. 15 August 2016.
  21. ^ "Pareja logra tercer matrimonio igualitario en Cortazar; van 43 en todo Guanajuato".
  22. ^ "Guanajuato dice "sí" al matrimonio igualitario". Expansión Política (in Spanish). 20 December 2021.
  23. ^ "Guanajuato le da el sí al amor y aprueba el matrimonio igualitario". El Financiero (in Spanish). 20 December 2021.
  24. ^ "Guanajuato authorizes equal marriage; legislation is still pending". The Canadian. 21 December 2021.
  25. ^ "Se casa la primera pareja LGBT en Irapuato sin trabas legales ni gubernamentales". La Silla Rota Guanajuato (in Spanish). 11 January 2022.
  26. ^ "Decreta gobernador matrimonio igualitario en Guanajuato". Página Central (in Spanish). 26 January 2022.
  27. ^ (in Spanish) #Data | ¿Quién está en contra del matrimonio gay?
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