Lady of the Bedchamber
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The Lady of the Bedchamber is the title of a lady-in-waiting holding the official position of personal attendant on a British queen or princess. The position is traditionally held by a female member of a noble family. They are ranked between the First Lady of the Bedchamber and the Women of the Bedchamber. They are also styled Gentlewoman of Her Majesty's Bedchamber.
The equivalent title and office has historically been used in most European royal courts (Dutch: Dames du Palais; French: Dames or Dame de Palais; German: Hofstaatsdame or Palastdame; Italian: Dame di Corte; Russian: Hofdame or Statsdame; Spanish: Dueña de honor; Swedish: Statsfru).
History[]
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In the Middle Ages, Margaret of France, the wife of King Edward I of England, is noted to have had seven ladies of the bedchamber: the three married ones were called Dominæ and the four unmarried ones were known as maids of honour.[1] Their task was simply to act as the companions (see lady's companion) and personal attendants to the royal woman.
In a description from 1728, the task of the Ladies of the Bedchamber was to act as the go-between for the queen and the Women of the Bedchamber, who had the task to wait upon the queen by helping her wash, dress and undress, and so forth.[2] A Woman of the Bedchamber worked independently from a Lady of the Bedchamber and did not take orders from her. However, if a Lady of the Bedchamber was present, a Woman of the Bedchamber would always defer to her.[2] If a Lady of the Bedchamber was present when a Woman of the Bedchamber arrived to dress the queen, for example, she would not dress the queen herself, but instead give the garments to the Lady of the Bedchamber, who in turn helped the queen put it on. The procedure was the same in other issues.[2]
The post of a Lady of the Bedchamber was considered prestigious, and the appointments have therefore been subjected to controversies. Queen Anne appointed Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, to this position; the Duchess was widely considered an influential royal favourite. In 1839, concerns that Queen Victoria was determined to surround herself with wives of Whig politicians led to the Bedchamber crisis, preventing the installation of a Tory government under Robert Peel.
List of Ladies of the Bedchamber to the Queens of England[]
This is an incomplete list of those who have served as Lady of the Bedchamber in the British Royal Household.
Catherine of Aragon, 1509–1536[]
- Anne Bourchier, Lady Dacre of the South
- Margaret Brent (?), Lady Bergavenny
- Mabel Dacre, Lady Scrope
- Mary Grey, Lady Ferrers of Chartley
- Lady Anne Percy, Lady Maltravers, Countess of Arundel
- Inez de Venegas, Lady Mountjoy ( Lord Mountjoy’s 2nd wife)
- Elizabeth Willoughby, Lady Maltravers
Elizabeth I, 1558–1603[]
- 1558–1565: Katherine Ashley (née Champernowne), Lady Ashley
- 1559–1569: Catherine Carey, Lady Knollys, also 1st Cousin or half-Sister to Elizabeth I
- 1568–1599: Elizabeth Stafford
- 1587 Frances Newton, Baroness Cobham
Anne of Denmark, 1603–1619[]
Anne of Denmark was Queen Consort to James I of England.
- 1603–1619: Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford
- 1603–1607: Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire
- 1603–1619: Anne Livingstone, Countess of Eglinton.
- 1603–1619: Elizabeth Schaw. Countess of Annandale.
- 1603–1617: Jean Drummond, Countess of Roxburghe
- 1603–1619: Bridget Annesley
- 1603–1609: Cecily Bulstrode
- 1603–1619: Dorothy Bulstrode
- 1604–1609: Bridget Markham
- 1603–1618: Jane Meautys
- 1604–1619: Mary Middlemore
- 1608–1619: Dorothy Silken
Henrietta Maria of France, 1625–1649[3][]
Henrietta Maria was Queen Consort to Charles I of England.
- c. 1625: (née Thimbelby), daughter of Sir Richard Thimelby of Irnham, married Sir Richard Conquest of Houghton Conquest
- 1626: Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle
Catherine of Braganza, 1662–1692[]
Catherine of Braganza was Queen Consort to Charles II of England
- 1663–1667: Katherine Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield
- 1663–1673: Barbara Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine
- 1663–1681: Barbara Howard, Countess of Suffolk
- 1663–1688: Mary Villiers, Duchess of Buckingham
- 1663–1688: Jane Granville, Countess of Bath
Mary of Modena, 1673–1688[]
Mary of Modena was Queen Consort to James II of England
Mary II, 1689–1694[]
- 1689-1694 : Mary Sackville, Countess of Dorset (1669–1691)[5]
- 1689-1694 : Hallifax, G, Marchioness of.[6]
- 1689-1694 : Lumley, F., Lady [7]
- 1689-1694 : Plymouth, B., Countess. of [8]
- 1689-1694 : Wiltshire, F., Countess. of [9]
- 1691-1694 : Nottingham, A., Countess. of [10]
Anne, 1702–1714[]
- 1702: Mary Butler, Duchess of Ormonde
- 1702: Marchioness of Hartington
- 1702: Juliana Boyle, Countess of Burlington
- 1702: Countess of Scarbrough
- 1702–1712: Lady Spencer
- 1702: Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset
- 1702: Lady Hyde
- 1702: Lady Frescheville
- 1702: Lady H. Godolphin
- 1702–1705:
- 1702: Lady C. Boeverwart
- 1704–1714: Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham
- 1704–1712: Anne Spencer, Countess of Sunderland
- 1712–1714:
- 1712: Lady Catharine Hyde[11]
Caroline of Ansbach, 1714–1737[12][13][]
Caroline of Ansbach was Queen Consort to George II of Great Britain
- 1714–1717: Louisa Berkeley, Countess of Berkeley
- 1714–1717 & 1726: Diana Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans
- 1714–1717: Henrietta Paulet, Duchess of Bolton
- 1714–1717: Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu
- 1714–1724: Mary Cowper, Countess Cowper
- 1714–1726: Adelhida Talbot, Duchess of Shrewsbury
- 1714–1737: Elizabeth Sackville, Duchess of Dorset
- 1717-1717:
- 1718–1721: Barbara Herbert, Countess of Pembroke
- 1718–1724: Henrietta d'Auverquerque, Countess of Grantham
- 1718–1737: Elizabeth Hervey, Countess of Bristol
- 1718–1720:
- 1722-1722: Jane Capell, Countess of Essex
- 1724–1737: Frances Seymour, Countess of Hertford
- 1724–1737: Sarah Lennox, Duchess of Richmond
- 1725–1737: Anne van Keppel, Countess of Albemarle
- 1725–1737: Henrietta Fermor, Countess of Pomfret
- 1725–1737: Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke (extra)
- 1727–1737: Henrietta Louisa Fermor
- ?–1737: Dorothy Boyle, Countess of Cork (extra)
Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, 1736–1772[14][]
Princess Augusta was the wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales
- 1736-1736: Anne Howard, Countess of Effingham
- 1736–1764: Anne Ingram, Viscountess Irvine
- 1736–1739 & 1742–1759: Charlotte Byng, Viscountess Torrington
- 1737–1772:
- 1743–1772: Frances Lumley-Saunderson, Countess of Scarbrough
- 1743–1772: Maria Howe, Viscountess Howe
- 1745–1772: Elizabeth Berkeley, Countess Berkeley
- 1745–1758: Charlotte Howe, Viscountess Howe
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 1761–1818[15][]
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was Queen Consort to King George III of Great Britain
- 1761–1768: Diana St John, Viscountess Bolingbroke
- 1761–1770: Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Northumberland (Duchess of Northumberland from 1766)
- 1761–1784: Elizabeth Campbell, Duchess of Hamilton (Duchess of Argyll from 1770)
- 1761–1791: Elizabeth Howard, Countess of Effingham
- 1761–1793: Elizabeth Thynne, Viscountess Weymouth (Marchioness of Bath from 1789)
- 1761–1794: Alicia Wyndham, Countess of Egremont
- 1768–1782: Isabella Seymour, Countess of Hertford
- 1770–1801: Mary Darcy, Countess of Holderness
- 1783–1818: Elizabeth Herbert, Countess of Pembroke and Montgomery
- 1784–1818: Elizabeth Harcourt, Countess Harcourt
- 1791–1818: Elizabeth Townshend, Viscountess Sydney
- 1793–1807: Elizabeth Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan
- 1794–1818: Jane Stanhope, Countess of Harrington
- 1801–1818: Mary Parker, Countess of Macclesfield
- 1807–1813: Henrietta Stanhope, Countess of Chesterfield
- 1813–1818: Anne Dundas, Viscountess Melville
Caroline of Brunswick, 1795–1821[]
Caroline of Brunswick was the wife of George, Prince of Wales, Prince Regent and from 1820 Queen Consort to George IV of the United Kingdom. They separated in 1796 and she died in 1821.
- 1795–1796: Frances Villiers, Countess of Jersey[16]
- 1795–1821: Countess of Carnarvon[16]
- 1795–1821: Marchioness Townshend[16]
- 1795–1802: Countess Cholmondeley[16]
- 1808–1817: Lady Charlotte Lindsay
- 1809–1821: Lady Charlotte Campbell
- 1809–1813 & 1820–1821: Lady Ann Hamilton
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, 1830–1837[17][]
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen was Queen Consort to William IV of the United Kingdom
- 1830–1837: Emily Nugent, Marchioness of Westmeath
- 1830–1837:
- 1830–1849: Marianne Wellesley, Countess of Mornington
- 1830–1834: (extra 1834–1837)
- 1830–1837: Emma Brownlow, Countess Brownlow
- 1830–1837:
- 1833–1836:
- 1836–1837: Harriet Holroyd, Countess of Sheffield[18]
Victoria, 1837–1901[19][]
- 1837–1838:
- 1837–1838: Louisa Lambton, Countess of Durham
- 1837–1841:
- 1837–1841: Anna Russell, Duchess of Bedford
- 1837–1842: Sarah Lyttelton, Baroness Lyttelton, then Governess (Lady Superintendent) of the Royal Children 1842–1850.
- 1837–1842: Frances Noel, Countess of Gainsborough
- 1837–1851: Emma Portman, Baroness Portman
- 1837–1854: Anne Caulfield, Countess of Charlemont
- 1838–1840: Blanche Cavendish, Countess of Burlington
- 1839-1839:
- 1839–1842:
- 1840–1854 & 1863–1865:
- 1841–1845: Catherine Murray, Countess of Dunmore
- 1841–1867: Frances Jocelyn, Viscountess Jocelyn (extra 1867–1880)
- 1842-1842: Susan Broun-Ramsay, Countess of Dalhousie
- 1842–1843: Charlotte Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk
- 1842–1855: Charlotte Canning, Countess Canning
- 1843–1858: Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington
- 1845–1864:
- 1851–1889: Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely
- 1854–1897: Anne Murray, Duchess of Atholl
- 1854–1900: Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill
- 1855–1863:
- 1858–1878:
- 1864–1890:
- 1865–1895: Susanna Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe
- 1867–1872:
- 1872–1874:
- 1873–1901:
- 1874–1885: Julia Abercromby, Baroness Abercromby
- 1878–1901: Ismania FitzRoy, Baroness Southampton
- 1885–1901: Emily Russell, Baroness Ampthill9
- 1889–1901:
- 1890–1901: Louisa McDonnell, Countess of Antrim
- 1895–1901: Edith Bulwer-Lytton, Countess of Lytton
- 1897–1901: Anne Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe
Alexandra of Denmark, 1901–1925[]
Alexandra of Denmark was Queen Consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom
- 1900–1910: Alice Stanley, Countess of Derby
- 1901–1910: Louisa McDonnell, Countess of Antrim[20]
- 1901–1925: Louisa Acheson, Countess of Gosford[20]
- 1901–1905: Edith Bulwer-Lytton, Countess of Lytton[20]
- 1901–1911: [20]
- 1901–1907: (Extra Lady of the Bedchamber 1901–?)[20]
- 1901–1912: Mary Parker, Countess of Macclesfield (Extra Lady of the Bedchamber 1901–?)[20]
- 1901–1905: Maud Petty-FitzMaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne (extra)
- 1905–1910: Maud Petty-FitzMaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne
- 1905–1910: Constance Ashley-Cooper, Countess of Shaftesbury (extra)
- 1907–1910:
- 1910–1914: (extra)
- 1910–1925: Maud Petty-FitzMaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne (extra)
- 1910–1925: (extra)
- 1910–1925: Alice Stanley, Countess of Derby (extra)
- 1911–1925: (Countess Carrington 1911–1912)
Mary of Teck, 1901–1953[]
Mary of Teck was Queen Consort to George V of the United Kingdom
- 1901–1902: Ida Bridgeman, Countess of Bradford
- 1901–1910: Mabell Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie
- 1902–1910:
- 1905–1906: Constance Ashley-Cooper, Countess of Shaftesbury (extra)
- 1905–1936: Ida Bridgeman, Countess of Bradford (extra)
- 1906–1913: Constance Ashley-Cooper, Countess of Shaftesbury
- 1910–1916: Mabell Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie (extra)
- 1910–1917: Mary Cochrane-Baillie, Baroness Lamington(extra)
- 1911–1916: Ethel Grenfell, Baroness Desborough
- 1911–1936:
- 1911–1953: Margaret Russell, Baroness Ampthill
- 1913–1924:
- 1913–1953: Constance Ashley-Cooper, Countess of Shaftesbury (extra)
- 1916–1924: Ethel Grenfell, Baroness Desborough (extra)
- 1916–1953: Mabell Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie
- 1924–1929: Emily Fortescue, Countess Fortescue (extra)
- 1924–1936: Ethel Grenfell, Baroness Desborough
- 1938-1951: Hon. Margaret Blanche Wyndham
- 1951-1953: Hon. Margaret Blanche Wyndham (Extra)
- 1936–1940: Mary Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, Countess of Minto (extra)
- 1936–1952: Ethel Grenfell, Baroness Desborough (extra)
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, 1937–2002[]
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was Queen Consort to George VI of the United Kingdom
- 1937–1947:
- 1937–1972: Cynthia Spencer, Countess Spencer
- 1937–1941: Dorothy Wood, Viscountess Halifax
- 1937–1994: Patricia Smith, Viscountess Hambleden
- 1941–1945:
- 1945–1967: Beatrice Ormsby-Gore, Baroness Harlech
- 1947–1979:
- 1973–2002:
- 1994–2002: Elizabeth Lumley, Countess of Scarbrough
Elizabeth II, 1953–present[]
- 1953–1966: Fortune FitzRoy, Countess of Euston (later the Duchess of Grafton and subsequently Dowager Duchess)
- 1953–1973: , wife of Thomas Coke, 5th Earl of Leicester
- 1960–1966: Patricia Nevill, Marchioness of Abergavenny (extra)
- 1966–1987: Patricia Nevill, Marchioness of Abergavenny
- 1967–1971: , née Harmsworth, Countess of Cromer (temporary) wife of Rowland Baring
- 1967–2017: (temporary) (widow of Thomas Fairfax, 13th Lord Fairfax of Cameron)
- 1971–1993: Esmé Baring, née Harmsworth, Countess of Cromer (extra)
- 1973–present: Virginia Ogilvy, Countess of Airlie
- 1987–2005: Patricia Nevill, Marchioness of Abergavenny (extra)
- 1987–present:
See also[]
- Dame du Palais, French equivalent
References[]
- ^ Thoms, William J. (1844). The Book of the Court: Exhibiting the History, Duties, and Privileges of the English Nobility and Gentry. Particularly of the Great Officers of State and Members of the Royal Household (2nd ed.). London: H. G. Bohn. p. 349.
- ^ a b c Bucholz, R. O., ed. (2006). "The bedchamber: Women of the Bedchamber 1702–1714". Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 11 (Revised), Court Officers, 1660–1837. London: University of London. pp. 24–25. Retrieved 17 August 2016 – via British History Online.
- ^ Neale, John Preston (1847). The Mansions of England: Or, Picturesque Delineations of the Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen. 1. London: M.A. Nattali. p. 321.
- ^ Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. vol 2. Page 3208
- ^ http://courtofficers.ctsdh.luc.edu/MaryII.list.pdf
- ^ http://courtofficers.ctsdh.luc.edu/MaryII.list.pdf
- ^ http://courtofficers.ctsdh.luc.edu/MaryII.list.pdf
- ^ http://courtofficers.ctsdh.luc.edu/MaryII.list.pdf
- ^ http://courtofficers.ctsdh.luc.edu/MaryII.list.pdf
- ^ http://courtofficers.ctsdh.luc.edu/MaryII.list.pdf
- ^ Agnes Strickland; Elizabeth Strickland (28 October 2010). Lives of the Queens of England from the Norman Conquest. Cambridge University Press. pp. 461–. ISBN 978-1-108-01977-4.
- ^ "Household of Princess Caroline 1714-27". Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2007-03-15. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
- ^ "Household of Queen Caroline 1727–37". Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2007-03-15. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
- ^ "Household of Princess Augusta 1736–72". Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2007-03-15. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
- ^ "Household of Queen Charlotte 1761–1818". Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2007-03-15. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
- ^ a b c d The Lady's Magazine Or Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex ..., Volume 26. p. 157.
- ^ "Household of Queen Adelaide 1830–37". Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2007-03-17. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
- ^ Taylor, Richard Vickerman (1865). The biographia Leodiensis; or, Biographical sketches of the worthies of Leeds and neighbourhood. [With]. p. 394.
- ^ "Household of Queen Victoria". Institute of Historical Research. Archived from the original on 2007-03-17. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
- ^ a b c d e f "No. 27292". The London Gazette. 8 March 1901. p. 1648.
External links[]
- Media related to Ladies of the Bedchamber at Wikimedia Commons
- Positions within the British Royal Household
- Ladies of the Bedchamber
- Gendered occupations