List of Airbus A330 operators

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Airbus A330 is a wide-body twin-engine jet airliner made by Airbus. Versions of the A330 have a range of 7,400 to 13,430 kilometres (4,000 to 7,250 nmi) and can accommodate up to 335 passengers in a two-class layout or carry 70 tonnes (150,000 lb) of cargo.

The origin of the A330 dates to the 1970s as one of several conceived derivatives of Airbus's first airliner, the A300. The A330 was developed in parallel with the A340, which shared many common airframe components but differed in number of engines. Both airliners incorporated fly-by-wire flight control technology, first introduced on an Airbus aircraft with the A320, as well as the A320's six-display glass cockpit.[1] In June 1987, after receiving orders from various customers, Airbus launched the A330 and A340. The A330 was Airbus's first airliner offered with the choice of three engines: General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce.[2]

The A330-300, the first variant, took its maiden flight in November 1992 and entered passenger service with Air Inter in January 1994.[3] Responding to dwindling sales, Airbus followed up with the slightly shorter A330-200 variant in 1998, which has proved more popular. Subsequently, developed A330 variants include a dedicated freighter, the A330-200F, and a military tanker, the A330 MRTT. The A330 MRTT formed the basis of the proposed KC-45, entered into the U.S. Air Force's KC-X competition in conjunction with Northrop Grumman, where after an initial win, on appeal lost to Boeing's tanker.[4][5]

Since its launch, the A330 has allowed Airbus to expand market share in wide-body airliners. Airlines have selected the A330 as a replacement for less economical trijets and versus rival twinjets. Boeing has offered variants of the 767 and 777 as competitors, along with the 787 which entered service in 2011. Airbus's A350 also shares this wide-body airliner market. As of September 2017 the A330's order book stood at 1,694, of which 1,368 had been delivered and 1,336 were in service.[6] The largest operator is Turkish Airlines with 64 aircraft.[6]

Airline operators[]

A list of active operators of the Airbus A330, as of December 2021.[7]

Legend Notes
* Current
* Former
Orders
Airline Country Photo 200 200F 300 300P2F 800 900 Notes
Aer Lingus  Ireland Aer Lingus Airbus A330-302 EI-EDY approaching EWR Airport.jpg 4 10
Aer Lingus UK  United Kingdom 2
Aeroflot  Russia Aeroflot Airbus A330 Kustov.jpg 5 12
Aerolíneas Argentinas  Argentina Aerolineas Argentinas Airbus A330-200 LV-FNL (15203360984).jpg 10
AeroSur  Bolivia 1 Operated by Air Comet
Afriqiyah Airways  Libya Afriqiyah Airways Airbus A330-202 at Istanbul.jpg 2 1
Aigle Azur  France A330 Aigle Azur.jpg 2 Ceased operations in 2019
AirAsia X  Malaysia 9M-XXD - AirAsia X - Airbus A330-343X - CTU (9512649893).jpg 1 18
15
Air Algérie  Algeria Air Algérie A330 @ YUL.jpg 8 3
Air Belgium  Belgium OO-CMA (30 Nov 2021).jpg 4 2 A330-200F operating for CMA CGM Air Cargo
Air Berlin  Germany Air Berlin Airbus A330-200 Prasertwit-3.jpg 17 3 Ceased operations in 2017
AirCalin  New Caledonia Aircalin, A330-202, F-OJSE (20435797803).jpg 2 2
Air Canada  Canada Air Canada, C-GFAF, Airbus A330-343 (49585495576).jpg 16
Air Caraïbes  Guadeloupe F-HHUB ORY (48684309448).jpg 3 2
Air Caraïbes Atlantique  France Airbus A330-323E, Air Caraibes Atlantique JP7634428.jpg 1 1
Air China  China Air China A330-343 (B-5958) taxiing at Tokyo International Airport.jpg 27 28
Air Comet  Spain Air Comet A330-200 EC-KIL MAD 2008-7-17.png 8 Ceased operations in 2009
Air Europa  Spain Air Europa Airbus A330-200 Prasertwit-1.jpg 2 1
Air France  France Airbus A330-203, Air France AN0368182.jpg 15
Air Greenland  Greenland 258ac - Air Greenland Airbus A330-223, OY-GRN@ZRH,14.09.2003 - Flickr - Aero Icarus.jpg 1
1
Air Hong Kong  Hong Kong B-LDO (8 Apr 2020).jpg 2 3
Air India  India Airbus A330-223, Air India AN1288880.jpg 2
Air Inter  France Air Inter Airbus A330-300; F-GMDC@ORY;06.08.1996 (5217459498).jpg 4 Launch customer of A330-300
Merged with Air France in 1997
Air Italy  Italy EI-GFX Air Italy A330 LIMC.jpg 5 Ceased operations in 2020
Air Leisure  Egypt 3 Ceased operations in 2018
Air Madrid  Spain Airbus A330-202, Air Madrid AN1061925.jpg 3 2 Ceased operations in 2006
Air Mauritius  Mauritius Air Mauritius, 3B-NBV, Airbus A330-941 (49596975736).jpg 1 2
Air Namibia  Namibia Air Namibia A330-200 V5-ANO FRA 2014-03-09.jpg 2 Ceased operations in 2021
Air Nigeria  Nigeria 1 Ceased operations in 2012
Leased from EgyptAir
Air One  Italy Aircraft Air One Airbus A330-202 EI-DIR Flight AZA651 to FCO (9532795515).jpg 2 Ceased operations in 2014
Air Senegal  Senegal Air Senegal, 9H-SZN, Airbus A330-941 (46715789445).jpg 2 One operated by Hi Fly Malta
Air Serbia  Serbia AirSERBIA Airbus A330-202 YU-ARA at JFK Airport - starboard.jpg 1
Air Transat  Canada Airbus A330-300 C-GCTS - Air Transat - 46740489194.jpg 13 1
 Egypt 1 Leased from EgyptAir
Alitalia  Italy Alitalia, Airbus A330-200 EI-EJM NRT (34797106736).jpg 14 Ceased operations in 2021
AlMasria Universal Airlines  Egypt SU-TCH at STR.jpg 1
American Airlines  United States American Airlines, N278AY, Airbus A330-323.jpg 15 9 Acquired from merger with US Airways
Arik Air  Nigeria Arik Air Airbus A330-223 5N-JIC.jpg 3
Arkia Israeli Airlines  Israel
1
4
Asiana Airlines  South Korea Asiana Airlines, A330-300, HL7736 (18493752871).jpg 15
ASL Airlines Ireland  Ireland EI-HEA (50726469883).jpg 2 3 Operated by DHL
 Spain 1
Avianca  Colombia Avianca A330-200 (N986AV) arrives London Heathrow 10Sep2015 arp.jpg 5 2 To be retired
Avianca Brasil  Brazil Avianca A330 LFBO.jpg 6 Ceased operations in 2019
Avianca Cargo  Colombia Avianca Cargo (Tampa) Airbus A330F (13188264674).jpg 6
Avianca Perú  Peru N279AV (14575839966).jpg 1 Ceased operations in 2020
Transferred to Avianca
Azores Airlines  Portugal Azores Airlines Airbus A330-223 CS-TRY.jpg 1
Azul Brazilian Airlines  Brazil Azul flagship A330 PR-AIV in Ft. Lauderdale.jpg 8 5
Batik Air  Indonesia 3
Beijing Capital Airlines  China Capital Airlines Airbus A330-243 at Sanya Phoenix International Airport (1).jpg 7 4
BH Air  Bulgaria BH Air Airbus A330-223 at Turin Airport.jpg 1
Blue Wings  Germany Blue Wings Airbus A330-223 at Cologne Bonn Airport.jpg 2 Transferred to TAP Air Portugal
British Midland International  United Kingdom Bmi.a330-200.g-wwbb.arp.jpg 3 Integrated into British Airways in 2012
Brussels Airlines  Belgium Brussels Airlines Airbus A330-200 OO-SFZ (40154564354).jpg 4 8
Canada 3000 Airlines  Canada Airbus A330-202, Canada 3000 Airlines JP6733849.jpg 4 Ceased operations in 2001
Cathay Dragon  Hong Kong B-HYB@PEK (20190630171445).jpg 29 Ceased operations in 2020
Cathay Pacific  Hong Kong Cathay Pacific A330-300(B-HLI) (4611668294).jpg 40
Cebu Pacific  Philippines Cebu Pacific A330-300 (RP-C3348) @ NRT, Nov 2017.jpg 5 2
China Airlines  Taiwan China Airlines A330-300(B-18352) (5213874397).jpg 23
China Eastern Airlines  China Airbus A330-343X ‘B-6085’ China Eastern Airlines (33682174008).jpg 30 25
China Southern Airlines  China China Southern Airlines, B-6087, Airbus A330-343 (47584424492).jpg 14 27
Citilink  Indonesia 2
Comlux Aruba  Aruba P4-MLO at YYZ.jpg 1
Comlux Malta  Malta 1 Transferred to Comlux Aruba
Compagnie Africaine d'Aviation  Congo 1
Condor  Germany Airbus A330-200 (G-VYGK) der Condor.jpg
4
16
Conviasa  Venezuela 1 1 A330-200 leased from Hi Fly
A330-300 leased from AirAsia X
Corsair International  France F-HZEN A330 Corsair (13273101523).jpg 1 4 4
Cubana de Aviación  Cuba 1 Leased from Novair
Czech Airlines  Czech Republic Czech Airlines Airbus A330 OK-YBA.jpg 1 Leased from Korean Air
Delta Air Lines  United States Delta A330-200(N856NW) (6405800123).jpg 11 31 11
DHL Air UK  United Kingdom 2
Dragonair  Hong Kong B-HWK Airbus A330 Dragon Air (7342908058).jpg 30 Rebranded to Cathay Dragon in 2016
Edelweiss Air   Switzerland Edelweiss Air Airbus A330-223 HB-IQI (21794300212).jpg 2 2 A330-300 transferred to Eurowings Discover
EgyptAir  Egypt EgyptAir A330-200 SU-GCE FRA 2011-1-16.png 3 4
EgyptAir Cargo  Egypt CGN 20190331 SU-GCE 05.jpg 3
Emirates  United Arab Emirates A6-EAG Emirates A330 (9575543411).jpg 29
Etihad Airways  United Arab Emirates Etihada6eyegva.jpg 31 5 6
Eurofly  Italy Eurofly Airbus A330-200; EI-EZL@ZRH;16.07.2010 583cw (4799520009).jpg 5 Merged with Meridiana in 2010
European Air Transport Leipzig  Germany D-ALEJ Airbus A330F of EAT Leipzig (50047999421).jpg 3 2
Eurowings  Germany Eurowings Airbus A330-203 at Varadero Airport.jpg 7 5 A330-200 operated by SunExpress Deutschland
A330-300 operated by Brussels Airlines
Eurowings Discover  Germany 3 5
EVA Air  Taiwan EVA Air B-16311 at Taipei Songshan Airport 20101230.jpg 3 9
Evelop Airlines  Spain Evelop Airlines, EC-NBP, Airbus A330-343 (49585738011).jpg 1 4 Renamed to Iberojet in 2021
Fiji Airways  Fiji Fiji Airways A330 FQ-FJU at AKL (22163695008).jpg 5 1
Finnair  Finland Finnair, Airbus A330-300, OH-LTM (14395742773).jpg 8
Flynas  Saudi Arabia XY KNE Flynas Airlines Airbus A330 CS-TFZ (49158919643).jpg 2 4 1 A330-200 leased from Hi Fly and
A330-300 leased from Hi Fly and AirAsia X
A330-900 leased from Lion Air
 United Kingdom 9H-POP (18 Dec 2021).jpg
3
French Bee  France Airbus A330-300 F-HPUJ - French Bee (33312033948).jpg 1 Transferred to Air Caraïbes
French Blue  France French Blue Airbus A330-300 F-HPUJ (32390886452).jpg 1 Rebranded to French Bee in 2018
Garuda Indonesia  Indonesia Garuda Indonesia, Airbus A330-200, PK-GPH - NRT.jpg 7 17
4
3
Government; Executive And Private 54
GetJet Airlines  Lithuania LY-LEO Airbus A330-302 GetJet Airlines.jpg 1
Gulf Air  Bahrain Gulf Air Airbus A330-243 A9C-KC (27710882433).jpg 12
GullivAir  Bulgaria Gullivair Airbus A330 LZ-AWZ at Sofia Airport 2021.jpg 3
Hainan Airlines  China HU CHH Hainan Airlines A330 B-6529 (29456535742).jpg 9 24
Hawaiian Airlines  United States Hawaiian Airlines A330-200 N382HA HND 2011-10-25.png 24
Heston Airlines  Lithuania 1
Hi Fly  Portugal Hi Fly, CS-TQW, Airbus A330-223 (29348167225).jpg 1 2 1
Hi Fly Malta  Malta Airbus A330-343, 9H-TAJ.jpg 1 4 1 A330-900 operating for Air Senegal
Hong Kong Air Cargo  Hong Kong Hong Kong Air Cargo Airlines.jpg 5
Hong Kong Airlines  Hong Kong Hong Kong Airlines Airbus A330-343 B-LNM Taxiing at Taoyuan International Airport 20140330.jpg 9 7
Iberia  Spain Iberia Airbus A330 & patrulla Águila.jpg 18 8
Iberojet  Spain EC-LXA Iberojet Airbus A330-300.jpg 3 1
Iberworld Airlines  Spain EC-KCP A330-300 Iberworld (4585737359) (2).jpg 1 4 A330-200 leased from Orbest
Rebranded to Orbest Orizonia Airlines in 2011
I-Fly  Russia Airbus A330-300 I-Fly (FLY) EI-ETI - MSN 171 (9505662236).jpg 5 3
Indonesia AirAsia X  Indonesia AirAsia X Airlines.jpg 2 Ceased operations in 2019
Iran Air  Iran Iran Air Airbus A330 EP-IJA.tif 2
Iraqi Airways  Iraq Iraqi Airways, YI-AQY, Airbus A330-202 (31817502202).jpg 1
ITA Airways  Italy 7
15
Jet2.com  United Kingdom Jet2.com A330-200 (G-VYGL) @ PMI, June 2017.jpg 2 Leased from AirTanker
Jet Airways  India Jet Airways Airbus A330-200 VT-JWJ (7861049550).jpg 12 4
Jordan Aviation  Jordan Jordan Aviation, JY-JVA, Airbus A330-243 (49569611048).jpg 2
KLM  Netherlands KLM A330-203 (PH-AOK) landing at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.jpg 6 4 To be retired by 2025
Korean Air  South Korea Korean Air, A330-300, HL7550 (24662433216).jpg 8 22 Launch customer of A330-200
Kuwait Airways  Kuwait Kuwait A330-800neo.jpg 5 2 Launch customer of A330-800
LEVEL  Spain LEVEL, Airbus A330-202, EC-MOY (35010932651).jpg 6 Operated by Iberia
Libyan Airlines  Libya Libyan Airlines A330-200 5A-LAR IST Dec 2013.png 3
Lion Air  Indonesia PK-LEH (Soekarno-Hatta Airport, 29 December 2017).jpg 3 6
LTU International  Germany LTU Airbus A330-200 Prasertwit-1.jpg 9 8 Merged with Air Berlin in 2009
Lucky Air  China B-305W at CGO 20190406 01.jpg 5
Lufthansa  Germany Airbus A330-300 (Lufthansa) D-AIKM (8267900293).jpg 5 14
 Italy 3 Suspended operations in 2021
Operated by Blue Panorama Airlines
Malaysia Airlines  Malaysia Malaysia Airlines, A330-300, 9M-MTK (21030619416).jpg 6 3 15
Maleth-Aero  Malta 9H-MFS (5 Jul 2021).jpg 4 Operated by
Meridiana  Italy Meridiana-Fly-A330.jpg 3 Operated by Eurofly
Middle East Airlines  Lebanon OD-MEA A330 MEA (8376548785).jpg 5
4
MNG Airlines  Turkey MNG Airlines, TC-MCZ, Airbus A330-243F (41162877821).jpg 1 2
Monarch Airlines  United Kingdom Airbus A330 (Monarch AL) (2434052172).jpg 2
MyTravel Airways  United Kingdom Airbus A330-343X, MyTravel Airways AN1347239.jpg 3 1 Merged with Thomas Cook Airlines in 2008
National Airlines (N8)  United States 1
Nepal Airlines    Nepal Nepal Airlines Airbus A330 - 200, on final approach.jpg 2
Nordwind Airlines  Russia Nordwind Airlines, VP-BYV, Airbus A330-223 (41120565682).jpg 4 5
Northwest Airlines  United States N808NW Airbus A330 nwa Northwest Airlines (8599315505).jpg 11 21 Merged with Delta Air Lines in 2010
Novair  Sweden Novair Airbus A330-200 Prasertwit-2.jpg 6
Oman Air  Oman Oman Air A330-300 A40-DD FRA 2011-6-17.png 4 6
Onur Air  Turkey Airbus A330-321, Onur Air JP6924548.jpg 5 5
Orbest  Portugal 6O OBS Orbest Airbus A330 CS-TRH (23622540128).jpg 2 1 1
Orbest Orizonia Airlines  Spain Airbus A330-343X Orbest EC-JHP (8397556589).jpg 1 2 Ceased operations in 2013
 Libya 1
Pakistan International Airlines  Pakistan 4R-ALN 14082016LHR (28761781570).jpg 1 Leased from SriLankan Airlines
Philippine Airlines  Philippines Philippines A330-300(RP-C3335) (4098319544).jpg 15
PAL Airlines  Chile 1 Leased from Orbest Orizonia Airlines
Qantas  Australia Qantas Airbus A330 VH-EBM Perth 2019 (01).jpg 18 10
Qatar Airways  Qatar Qatar A330 (5754676621).jpg 6 8 To be retired by 2022
Qatar Airways Cargo  Qatar A7-AFV Airbus A330F QATAR Cargo (12243311504).jpg 8
RwandAir  Rwanda RwandAir, 9XR-WP, Airbus A330-343 (49585240193).jpg 1 1
Sabena  Belgium Airbus A330-322, Sabena AN0175819.jpg 6 4 Ceased operations in 2001
Saudia  Saudi Arabia Saudia, HZ-AQH, Airbus A330-343 (25082751097).jpg 20 32 A330-200 leased from various airlines
SBA Airlines  Venezuela 1 Leased from Hi Fly
Scandinavian Airlines  Sweden
 Norway
 Denmark
SAS, LN-RKU, Airbus A330-343 (26769465708).jpg 9
Serene Air  Pakistan 3
Shaheen Air  Pakistan Shaheen Air A330-300 MSN 70.jpg 4 3
Shanghai Airlines  China B-6096 - Shanghai Airlines - Airbus A330-343X - SHA (13665874393).jpg 3 1
Shenzhen Airlines  China Shenzhen Airlines, B-303N, Airbus A330-343 (32694363707).jpg 6
Sichuan Airlines  China Sichuan Airlines Airbus A330-243 Jordan.jpg 9 7
Singapore Airlines  Singapore Singapore Airlines Airbus-A330-343.jpg 34
Skyservice Airlines  Canada 185ey - Skyservice Airbus A330-322; C-FBUS@PMI;17.08.2002 (5424590764).jpg 5
 Malta 4
SN Brussels Airlines  Belgium SN Brussels Airlines Airbus A330-301 Menten.jpg 3 Merged with Virgin Express to form Brussels Airlines in 2006
South African Airways  South Africa South African Airways, ZS-SXL, Airbus A330-343.jpg 11 1
SriLankan Airlines  Sri Lanka Sri Lankan A330 (4872127528).jpg 5 7
Starlux Airlines  Taiwan Airbus A330neo, Starlux Airlines, F-WWYY.jpg
8
Sunclass Airlines  Denmark 1 1
1
SunExpress Deutschland  Germany Eurowings (SunExpress Germany) Airbus A330-200 D-AXGD at JFK Airport.jpg 7 Operated by Eurowings
Swissair   Switzerland Swissair Airbus A330-223 HB-IQC "Zug" (24669840735).jpg 16 Merged with Crossair to form Swiss International Air Lines in 2002
Swiss International Air Lines   Switzerland Swiss Airbus A330-300 (13174037833).jpg 15 14
TACA Perú  Peru 1 Rebranded to Avianca Perú in 2013
TAM Airlines  Brazil TAM A330-200 PT-MVA FRA 2011-10-23.png 22
TAME  Ecuador 1
Tampa Cargo  Colombia Tampa Cargo A330-200F N331QT (15203906633).jpg 2 Rebranded to Avianca Cargo in 2013
TAP Air Portugal  Portugal Tap.a330-200.cs-toe.arp.jpg 3 4 19 Launch customer of A330-900
Thai AirAsia X  Thailand HS-XTB - Thai AirAsia X - Airbus A330-343 - ICN (16647647279).jpg 7 2
Thai Airways  Thailand Thai Airways International Airbus A330-343X HS-TBE (8770537686).jpg 27
Thai Lion Air  Thailand Thai Lion Air, HS-LAJ, Airbus A330-343 (47663418981).jpg 3 2 A330-300 transferred to Lion Air
Thomas Cook Airlines  United Kingdom Thomas Cook Airlines A330-200 (G-TCXB) @ MAN, June 2016.jpg 16 Ceased operations in 2019
Tianjin Airlines  China Tianjin Airlines A330-200 (B-8776) @ SVO, Aug 2018.jpg 4 2
Tibet Airlines  China Tibet Airlines, B-8420, Airbus A330-243 (49564986128).jpg 5
TransAsia Airways  Taiwan TransAsia Airways, A330-300, B-22101 (17627544620).jpg 4 Ceased operations in 2016
TUI fly Belgium  Belgium 1 Leased from AirTanker
Tunisair  Tunisia Airbus A330-200 TS-IFN - Tunisair - 48187929642.jpg 2
Turkish Airlines  Turkey Turkish Airlines, TC-JIN, Airbus A330-203 (25083221137).jpg 13 10 38
Uganda Airlines  Uganda 2
Undisclosed customers 24 3 22
US Airways  United States US Airways Airbus A330-200 (4920316354).jpg 15 9 Merged with American Airlines in 2015
VietJet Air  Vietnam 1
Vietnam Airlines  Vietnam Vietnam Airlines, A330-200, VN-A372 (21056838675).jpg 12 1
Virgin Australia  Australia Virgin Australia Airbus A330-200; VH-XFC@SYD;30.07.2012 665bk (8091806902).jpg 8
Virgin Atlantic  United Kingdom Virgin Atlantic A330 G-VKSS (8807105449).jpg 2 10
14
Virgin Blue  Australia 2 Rebranded to Virgin Australia in 2011
Virgin Nigeria  Nigeria Virgin.nigeria.a330-200.g-wwbd.arp.jpg 1 Leased from British Midland International
VIM Airlines  Russia VIM Airbus A330-200 in Thessaloniki airport, Greece.jpg 2 Ceased operations in 2017
Wamos Air  Spain Wamos Air Airbus A330 G-EOMA (25351740830).jpg 6 3
Wizz Air  Hungary HA-LHU@PEK (20210215155758).jpg 1
World2Fly  Spain 1 Transferred to
 Portugal 1
WOW air  Iceland WOW Air, Airbus A330 profile, soft light! DSC 0529 (27393994243).jpg 3 Ceased operations in 2019
XL Airways UK  United Kingdom EC-JHP A330-300 XL (4585738143) (2).jpg 1 Leased from Orbest
Ceased operations in 2008
XL Airways France  France Airbus A330-243, XL Airways France JP7313237.jpg 9 6 Leased from various airlines
Ceased operations in 2019

Military operators[]

As of August 2015, seven countries have placed order for a total 41 of Airbus A330 MRTTs, specialised for tanker operations: Australia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, France, Singapore and South Korea.[8]

Government operators[]

Following countries operate A330-200 for VIP use.

See also[]

Footnotes[]

References
  1. ^ Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 27
  2. ^ Norris & Wagner 2001, p. 44
  3. ^ Norris & Wagner 2001, pp. 84–85
  4. ^ Shalal-Esa, Andrea (2 March 2008). "Northrop, EADS tanker win sparks controversy in U.S". Reuters. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  5. ^ Trimble, Stephen (24 February 2011). "UPDATED: USAF selects Boeing for KC-X contract". Flight Global. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  6. ^ a b "Airbus orders and deliveries" (Microsoft Excel). Airbus S.A.S. 30 September 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  7. ^ "Airbus orders and deliveries" (XLS). Airbus S.A.S. 31 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Airbus D&S Orders & deliveries pdf" (PDF). Airbus S.A.S. August 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
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