List of Euphorbia species (G–O)
Euphorbia is a highly diverse plant genus, comprising some 5,000 currently accepted taxa.[1]
This is an alphabetical list of the Euphorbia species and notable intraspecific taxa.
The list includes the former (and never generally accepted) genus Chamaesyce, as well as the related genera Elaeophorbia, Endadenium, Monadenium, Synadenium and Pedilanthus which according to recent DNA sequence-based phylogenetic studies are all nested within Euphorbia[2]
Noticeably succulent plants are marked by (s).
G[]
- Coss.
- Boiss. & ex Boiss.
- B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
- S.Carter (s)
- McVaugh
- Marx (s)
- Hayata
- Euphorbia garberi Engelm. ex Chapm.
- Boiss. (s)
- (Welw. ex Hiern) L.C.Leach (s)
- (s)
- Boiss.
- N.E.Br.
- Boiss.
- N.E.Br. (s)
- ()
- (Bornm. & Gauba)
- Boiss.
- Millsp.
- Salis
- Brullo
- Rech.f., & ex Rech.f.
- S.Carter (s)
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- Bergius
- & Leandri (s)
- N.E.Br. (s)
- (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- & T.F.Daniel (s)
- Phil.
- Euphorbia geroldii Rauh (s)
- Engelm. ex Engelm. & A.Gray
- L.C.Leach (s)
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- (s)
- K.Koch
- Euphorbia glabriflora Vis. ex Vis. & Pančić
- (P.R.O.Bally) (s) (= Monadenium yattanum var. gladiatum, Monadenium gladiatum)
- L.C.Leach & (s)
- Pax
- Euphorbia glauca G.Forst. (s)
- Willd.
- Diels
- Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims (s) - Globose spurge
- S.Carter (s)
- Pax (s)
- ()
- Engelm.
- , , & (s)
- Pax (s)
- Comm. ex Lam.
- L.C.Wheeler
- A.Berger (s)
- Pax (s)
- (s)
- Pax (s)
- (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- (s)
- Euphorbia gottlebei Rauh (s)
- Boiss. (s)
- Boiss. (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Cronquist
- Pax (s)
- S.Watson
- & (s)
- Jacq. - Grassleaf spurge
- Vill.
- (Bertoloni)
- ()
- (McVaugh)
- Euphorbia grandialata R.A.Dyer (s)
- Goebel ex N.E.Br. (s)
- (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Euphorbia grandidens Haw. (s)
- Euphorbia grandidieri Baillon
- Haw. (s) (= Elaeophorbia grandifolia)
- Chiov.
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Euphorbia grantii Oliver (s) - African milk bush
- Forssk.
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- (s)
- Marloth (s)
- Euphorbia gregersenii ex Beck
- Euphorbia griffithii Hook.f.
- Engelm. ex Boiss.
- Euphorbia griseola Pax (s)
- (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Euphorbia groenewaldii R.A.Dyer (s)
- Pax (s)
- ()
- S.Watson
- Pittier
- Standl. & Steyerm. (s)
- Boiss. (s)
- (Pax) N.E.Br. (s)
- (s)
- (Pax) (s) (= Monadenium guentheri)
- Pax ex Engl. (s)
- W.R.Buck & (s)
- Euphorbia guillauminiana (s)
- ex N.E.Br.
- (s)
- Boiss. (s)
- ()
- Boiss. & Reut.
- Urb.
- & S.Carter (s)
- Engelm. (s)
- Urb.
- Rech.f. & ex Rech.f.
- S.Carter
H[]
- Baker (s)
- Euphorbia haeleeleana – Kauaʻi spurge (s)
- Boiss.
- Croizat (s)
- (s)
- Euphorbia halemanui
- L.C.Leach (s)
- R.A.Dyer (s)
- Euphorbia hamaderoensis
- (Haw.) Sweet (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- (s)
- Pax
- Gagnep.
- Boiss.
- Chodat
- Boiss.
- Boiss.
- ( & ) (= Monadenium hedigerianum) (s)
- Euphorbia hedyotoides (s)
- Urb. (s)
- Euphorbia helenae ssp. grandifolia Borhidi &
- Euphorbia helenae ssp. helenae
- Euphorbia heleniana Thell. & Stapf
- Euphorbia helioscopia – Sun spurge
- Millsp. –
- Urb. & Ekman
- M.C.Johnst.
- Hemsl.
- Urb. & Ekman
- L. (s)
- Euphorbia herman-schwartzii (s)
- (Millsp.)
- (Pax) (= Monadenium herbaceum) (s)
- Euphorbia herbstii (W.L.Wagner)
- Willd.
- , R.A.Dyer & (s)
- Arechav.
- Jaub. & Spach
- Euphorbia heterochroma Pax (s)
- Euphorbia heterochroma ssp. heterochroma
- Euphorbia heterochroma ssp. tsavoensis S.Carter
- Müll.Arg. (s)
- Euphorbia heterophylla – Painted Euphorbia, Desert Poinsettia, (Mexican) Fireplant, Paint Leaf, Kaliko
- Pax (= Monadenium heteropodum) (s)
- Euphorbia heteropoda var. formosa (P.R.O.Bally) (= Monadenium heteropodum var. formosum, Monadenium schubei var. formosum)
- Euphorbia heteropoda var. heteropoda (= Monadenium heteropodum var. heteropodum)
- S.Carter (s)
- Euphorbia heterospina ssp. baringoensis S.Carter
- Euphorbia heterospina ssp. heterospina
- Euphorbia hexadenia
- Nutt. ex Spreng. –
- S.Watson
- P.I.Forst. (s)
- Spreng.
- (Croizat) (= Elaeophorbia hiernii) (s)
- Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.
- Boiss. (s)
- Euphorbia hierosolymitana var. hierosolymitana
- Euphorbia hierosolymitana var. ramanensis () Zohary
- Euphorbia hildebrandtii
- H.Lév.
- (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.
- I.M.Johnst. (s)
- L.C.Wheeler (s)
- Hemsl.
- L.
- Euphorbia hirsuta var. hirsuta
- Euphorbia hirsuta var. leucotricha (Boiss.)
- Euphorbia hirta L. (= Chamaesyce hirta)
- Euphorbia hirta var. hirta
- Boiss.
- Euphorbia hispida Boiss.
- De Wild.
- (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. (s)
- Standl. & L.O.Williams
- Euphorbia hofstaetteri (s)
- (s)
- (s)
- Euphorbia hooveri L.C.Wheeler
- Nel (s)
- (s)
- Euphorbia horombensis (s)
- Euphorbia horrida Boiss. (s)
- S.Carter & (s)
- Marloth (s)
- ( & ) C.Y.Wu &
- (Klotzsch & Garcke ex Klotzsch) Boiss. (s)
- Euphorbia huanchahana ssp. huanchahana
- Euphorbia huanchahana ssp. penazuelensis Croizat
- Pax (s)
- Brandegee
- Euphorbia humbertii
- Willd.
- C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.
- Engelm. ex A.Gray
- ()
- L. –
- Euphorbia hyberna ssp. canuti (Parl.) Tutin
- Euphorbia hyberna ssp. gibelliana ()
- Euphorbia hyberna ssp. hyberna
- Euphorbia hyberna ssp. insularis (Boiss.)
- Hand.-Mazz.
- Euphorbia hypericifolia L.
- Marloth (s)
- L. (= Chamaesyce hyssopifolia)
- Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. blanchetii (Miq. ex Boiss.)
- Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. hyssopifolia
- Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. paraguayensis (Chodat)
- Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pruinosa (Chodat)
- Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pubescenticocca Christenh.
- Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pulchella (Kunth)
- Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. uniflora (Chodat & Hassl.)
I[]
- (= Monadenium cannellii) (s)
- Boiss.
- Euphorbia iharanae Rauh (s)
- Euphorbia imerina Cremers (s)
- N.E.Br. (s)
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- Chiov.
- Sond.
- Euphorbia inaequilatera var. dentata (N.E.Br.)
- Euphorbia inaequilatera var. inaequilatera
- Euphorbia inaequilatera var. jemenica (Schweinf.)
- Euphorbia inaequilatera var. spanothrix S.Carter
- N.E.Br. (s)
- Domin
- Schweinf.
- Brandegee (= Chamaesyce incerta)
- Sessé & Moc.
- Euphorbia inconstantia R.A.Dyer
- P.R.O.Bally (s)
- N.E.Br. (s)
- Less. ex Kar. &
- Lam.
- P.I.Forst. (s)
- (Engelm.)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Euphorbia inermis P.Miller (s)
- Euphorbia inermis var. huttoniae , R.A.Dyer & (s)
- Euphorbia inermis var. inermis (s)
- Pax
- Urb. & Ekman
- Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. – , "Candelabra tree"
- L.C.Leach (s)
- –
- N.E.Br. (s)
- Vell. (s)
- Euphorbia insulana var. insulana (s)
- Euphorbia insulana var. pilcomayensis Croizat (s)
- Euphorbia insulana var. tovarenis (Boiss.) (s)
- Fernald
- Euphorbia intisy Drake (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- Torr. ex Chapm. –
- Euphorbia inundata var. inundata
- Euphorbia inundata var. garrettii &
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Croizat (s)
- (N.E.Br.) (= Monadenium invenustum) (s)
- Euphorbia invenusta var. angusta (P.R.O.Bally) (= Monadenium invenustum var. angustum[verification needed])
- Euphorbia invenusta var. invenusta (= Monadenium invenustum var. invenustum[verification needed]
- L. –
- Litv.
- Pax (s)
- Drake (s)
- Lam. (s)
- Bornm.
- Euphorbia itremensis & (s)
- M.C.Johnst.
J[]
- Boiss.
- Boiss.
- B.L.Rob. & Greenm. (s)
- Euphorbia jamesonii Boiss.
- Nel (s)
- (Chrtek & )
- Pax (s)
- M.C.Johnst. & Warnock
- S.Carter (s)
- (s)
- Boiss.
- - Jose spurge
- Huguet
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- L.C.Leach
- Compton (s)
- Dinter (s)
- Pax (s)
K[]
- Pax (s)
- "" (N.E.Br.) 2006 (non Pax: preoccupied) (s) (= Monadenium kaessneri)
- Marloth
- S.Carter (s)
- Euphorbia kamerunica Pax (s)
- Euphorbia kamponii Rauh & (s)
- Boiss. (s)
- Boiss.
- Euphorbia kansuensis
- Liou ex
- Euphorbia kaokoensis (, R.A.Dyer & ) L.C.Leach (s)
- S.Carter
- Freyn
- (Boiss.) N.E.Br. (s)
- Boiss.
- Gage
- R.A.Dyer (s)
- Pax (s)
- (s)
- Pax (s)
- Craib (s)
- Pax
- Blatt. & (s)
- Boiss.
- N.E.Br.
- () (s) (= Monadenium kimberleyanum)
- Lipsky ex Grossh.
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- (N.E.Br.) (s) (= Synadenium kirkii)
- Euphorbia kischenensis Vierh. (s)
- () Kitag.
- ex et al.
-
- ( ex Griseb.)
- (R.E.Fr.)
- (Boiss.)
- Letty (s)
- Pax (s)
- (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach (s)
- (s)
- Allem &
- Euphorbia kondoi Rauh & (s)
- Euphorbia kopetdaghii ()
- Klokov ex & Klokov
- Fenzl
- Beille ex A.Chev.
- Bernh. ex C.Krauss
- () (s) (= Monadenium kundelunguense)
- Euphorbia kuriensis Vierh. (s)
- Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff
L[]
- Euphorbia labatii Rauh & (s)
- Craib (s)
- Boiss.
- Panigrahi
- Euphorbia lactea Haw. (s) - Elkhorn, frilled fan, mottled spurge
- Phil. (s)
- Lam.
- Spreng.
- S.Carter
- Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet (s)
- Euphorbia lambii Svent. (s)
- Schltdl. (s) – Ixbut
- Millsp.
- Boiss. (s)
- Klotzsch
- Engelm.
- Kunth
- Brandegee (s)
- Schumach. & Thonn. (s)
- Euphorbia lathyris L. - Caper spurge, gopher spurge
- C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.
- Lam. (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- Euphorbia lavrani L.C.Leach (s)
- Drake
- (s)
- Millsp.
- (Millsp.)
- (Millsp.)
- Pax & (s)
- A.Berger (s)
- N.E.Br. (s)
- (s)
- Euphorbia leistneri (s)
- Boiss. (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- ()
- N.E.Br. (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- Boiss.
- Euphorbia leptoclada Balf.f. (s)
- N.E.Br.
- (Denis) (s) (= Monadenium letestuanum)
- (s)
- (Klotzsch & Garcke ex Klotzsch) Boiss.
- Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy (s) - Pascuita, white-laced euphorbia
- Chiov. (s)
- Drake (s)
- Euphorbia leuconeura Boiss. (s)
- Benth. (s)
- & (s)
- (s)
- Poir.
- Marloth (s)
- Roxb.
- Boiss.
- S.Carter (s)
- (S.Carter) (s) (= Monadenium lindenii)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- S.Watson
- ex
- McVaugh
- (McVaugh)
- L.
- ()
- S.Carter
- Hayata
- E.Mey. ex Boiss.
- Euphorbia lividiflora L.C.Leach (s)
- N.E.Br.
- Euphorbia lomelii (s) (= Pedilanthus macrocarpus)
- S.Watson
- Scheele - Wedgeleaf spurge
- Lam. (s)
- (s)
- Chiov. (s)
- Boiss.
- Boiss. (s)
- S.Carter
- Euphorbia lophogonaLam. (s) – Randramboay
- (s)
- Rauh (s)
- Lam. (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Waldst. & Kit. - Shining spurge
- B.L.Rob. & Greenm. (s)
- Rupr.
- Raf.
- (N.E.Br.) (s) (= Monadenium lugardiae)
- S.Carter (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Croizat ex Lundell (s)
- Bunge
- N.E.Br.
- Boiss. (s)
- Euphorbia lurida Engelm.
- Hand.-Mazz.
- S.Carter
- (Croizat)
- Boiss. (s)
- & Letty (s)
M[]
- N.E.Br. (s)
- Boiss.
- Steyerm.
- Hiern
- Phil. (s)
- Boiss.
- Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
- Boiss.
- Lem. (s)
- Pax (s)
- B.L.Rob. & Greenm. (s)
- (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. (s) - Huachuca mountain spurge
- C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.
- Euphorbia maculata L. (s) - Spotted spurge
- M.C.Johnst.
- & ex
- Boiss.
- (Hargreaves) (s) (= Monadenium mafingense)
- Benth. (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- (s)
- (E.A.Bruce) (s) (= Monadenium magnificum)
- Euphorbia mahabobokensis Rauh (s)
- Euphorbia mahafalensis Denis (s)
- Euphorbia mainty Denis ex Leandri (s)
- H.Lév.
- S.Carter (s)
- (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Boiss.
- Rech.f.
- Maire
- ( & ) (s) (= Monadenium mamfwense)
- Euphorbia mammillaris L. (s) - Corn cob euphorbia
- Euphorbia mananarensis Leandri (s)
- Baillon
- Drake (s)
- Euphorbia mandravioky Leandri (s)
- Maxim.
- Urb.
- Euphorbia mangelsdorffii Rauh (s)
- Euphorbia mangokyensis Denis (s)
- Euphorbia mangorensis Leandri
- Knoche
- Euphorbia margalidiana ; & ex (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- Euphorbia marginata Pursh - Snow-on-the-mountain, variegated spurge, white-margined spurge
- Greene
- Euphorbia maritae Rauh (s)
- N.E.Br. (s)
- (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- Boiss.
- ()
- Euphorbia martinae Rauh (s)
- (s)
- Pax (s)
- Boiss.
- Euphorbia mauritanica L. (s)
- McVaugh
- Euphorbia mayurnathanii Croizat (s)
- Emb. & Maire
- Boiss.
- S.Carter (s)
- Rech.f.
- Euphorbia melanadenia Torr.
- Euphorbia melanocarpa Boiss.
- Nel (s)
- Euphorbia melitensis Parl. (s)
- Euphorbia meloformis Aiton (s)
- (s) - Melon spurge
- (N.E.Br.) (s)
- R.A.Dyer (s)
- Boiss.
- Pax
- Euphorbia mercurialina Michx. - Mercury spurge
- Pittier
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- Fosberg
- Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia Jacq. (s)
- Euphorbia meuleniana (s)
- Standl.
- Klotzsch
- Boiss. (s)
- Boiss.
- Boiss.
- ()
- Boiss.
- Urb.
- Euphorbia micromera Boiss. ex Engelm.
- Euphorbia microsciadia Boiss.
- (Murb.) Maly
- Boiss.
- Chiov. (s)
- Euphorbia milii (s) - Crown-of-thorns, christplant
- Euphorbia millotii & Leandri (s)
- Gage
- &
- &
- Boiss.
- Boiss.
- L.C.Leach (s)
- S.Watson
- Euphorbia misera Benth. (s) - Cliff spurge
- Euphorbia missurica Raf.
- Boiss.
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- N.E.Br. (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Pax
- Pax (s)
- (s)
- C.Wright ex Boiss.
- Franco & P. Silva
- (Millsp.) Urb.
- ()
- ()
- Hook.f. (s)
- B.Nord. (s)
- (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- (Baldacci) Maly
- Euphorbia moratii Rauh (s)
- Cremers (s)
- Cremers (s)
- (s)
- Rauh (s)
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.
- N.E.Br.
- ()
- Boiss.
- N.E.Br. (s)
- A.Berger (s)
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- N.E.Br. (s)
- , R.A.Dyer & (s)
- M.E.Jones
- Hook. & Arn.
- Rech.f., & ex Rech.f.
- Urb.
- Benth.
- N.E.Br. (s)
- Borhidi (s)
- N.E.Br.
- Euphorbia muricata Thunb.
- Fernald (s)
- Velen.
- L.C.Leach (s)
- S.Carter (s)
- Euphorbia myrsinites L. (s) - Creeping spurge, donkey tail, myrtle spurge
- (s)
- () (s)
- (Greuter) (s)
- L.
- Boiss.
N[]
- (Klotzsch & Garcke ex Klotzsch) Boiss.
- Euphorbia namibensis Marloth (s)
- (s)
- Euphorbia namuskluftensis L.C.Leach (s)
- Bernh. ex Krauss
- Coult. &
- Merr.
- N.E.Br.
- M.C.Johnst.
- Hand.-Mazz.
- (s) (= Monadenium angolense)
- Euphorbia neoarborescens (s) (= Monadenium arborescens)
- Euphorbia neobosseri Rauh (s)
- Rauh (s)
- (s)
- Boiss.
- (s) (= Monadenium capitatum)
- (s) (= Monadenium coccineum)
- (s) (= Monadenium crispum)
- (s) (= Synadenium cymosum)
- (s) (= Lortia erubescens, Monadenium erubescens)
- (s) (= Monadenium gillettii)
- (s) (= Synadenium glabratum)
- (s) (= Synadenium glaucescens)
- (s) (= Monadenium goetzei)
- (s) (= Monadenium gossweileri, Endadenium gossweileri)
- (s) (= Monadenium gracile)
- (s) (= Synadenium halipedicola)
- Euphorbia neohumbertii (s)
- (s) (= Monadenium montanum)
- (s) (= Monadenium parviflorum)
- (s) (= Monadenium pedunculatum)
- Pax &
- (s) (= Monadenium reflexum)
- (s) (= Monadenium montanum var. rubellum,/ Monadenium rubellum)
- (s) (= Monadenium rugosum)
- (s) (= Stenadenium spinescens, Monadenium spinescens)
- (s) (= Monadenium stapelioides)
- (P.R.O.Bally) (s) (= Monadenium stapelioides var. congestum)
- (s) (= Monadenium stapelioides var. stapelioides)
- (s) (= Monadenium rhizophorum var. stoloniferum, Monadenium stoloniferum)
- (s) (= Monadenium virgatum)
- Barneby - Pana spurge
- Euphorbia nereidum & Maire
- Euphorbia neriifolia L. (s) - Indian spurgetree, hedge euphorbia
- Euphorbia nesemannii R.A.Dyer (s)
- Boiss. & Reut.
- Euphorbia nicaeensis All.
- Borbás
- N.E.Br.
- Euphorbia nigrispinoides (s)
- Urb.
- Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. (s)
- (L.C.Wheeler)
- Houtt.
- () S.Carter (s)
- Boiss. (s)
- Schmalh. ex Lipsky
- Boiss.
- Euphorbia noxia Pax (s)
- N.E.Br. (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- (s)
- L.C.Leach (s)
- Perr. (s)
- Hook.f.
- Euphorbia nutans Lag.
- Pax (s)
- Pax (s)
- (Pax) S.Carter (s)
- (s)
O[]
- Rolfe (s)
- B.L.Rob. & Greenm. (s)
- Bojer ex N.E.Br.
- Euphorbia obcordata Balf.f. (s)
- Euphorbia obesa Hook.f. (s)
- (s)
- (, R.A.Dyer & ) (s)
- Balf.f. (s)
- ex Endl.
- Euphorbia oblongata - Eggleaf spurge, oblong spurge
- (K.Koch) K.Koch
- Decne. (s)
- Euphorbia obtusata Pursh
- & Govaerts
- Euphorbia ocellata Durand &
- ()
- (S.Watson)
- H.Lév. & Vaniot ex H.Lév.
- L.
- Boiss.
- S.Carter (s)
- (Klotzsch & Garcke ex Klotzsch) Boiss. - West Indian spurge
- Forssk.
- L. (s)
- P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter (s)
- Pojark.
- L.C.Leach (s)
- ʻAkoko (Island of Hawaiʻi, Maui)
- (s)
- Welw. ex Hiern (s)
- Dinter
- (Croizat)
- Kunth
- S.Carter (s)
- ()
- L.
- Euphorbia origanoides L.
- Boiss.
- Jacq. (s)
- (P.R.O.Bally) (s) (= Monadenium orobanchoides)
- (P.R.O.Bally) (s) (= Monadenium orobanchoides var. calycinum)
- (s) (= Monadenium orobanchoides var. orobanchoides)
- Boiss.
- Euphorbia orthoclada Baker (s)
- Dinter
- Boiss.
- Euphorbia otjipembana L.C.Leach (s)
- Euphorbia ouachitana Mayfield
- Phil.
- (Klotzsch & Garcke ex Klotzsch) Boiss.
- Boiss.
- Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.
- Boiss. (s)
- Boiss. (s)
Notes[]
- ^ "Tropicos - Name Search".
- ^ Steinmann & Porter (2002), Steinmann (2003), Bruyns et al. (2006)
References[]
- Bruyns, Peter V. & al. (2006): A new subgeneric classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data. Taxon 55(2): 397–420. HTML abstract
- Govaerts, R. & al. (2010). World Checklist of Malpighiales. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens.[1]
- Steinmann, V.W. (2003): The submersion of Pedilanthus into Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). Acta Botanica Mexicana 65: 45-50. PDF fulltext [English with Spanish abstract]
- Steinmann, V.W. & Porter, J.M. (2002): Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89(4): 453–490. doi:10.2307/3298591 (HTML abstract, first page image)
External links[]
- Media related to Euphorbia at Wikimedia Commons
Categories:
- Euphorbia
- Lists of plant species