List of Hypericum species

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hypericum
Perforate St Johns-wort (2777560323).jpg
Hypericum perforatum,

the type species of the genus

Hypericum calycinum Tasmania.jpg
Hypericum calycinum,

an ornamental plant of the genus

Clades[1]
  • Clade Euhypericum
    • sect. Adenosepalum
    • sect. Bupleuroides
    • sect. Campylopus
    • sect. Concinna
    • sect. Coridium
    • sect. Crossophyllum
    • sect. Drosocarpium
    • sect. Elodeoida
    • sect. Graveolentia
    • sect. Hirtella
    • sect. Humifusoideum
    • sect. Hypericum
    • sect. Monanthema
    • sect. Oligostema
    • sect. Origanifolia
    • sect. Sampsonia
    • sect. Taeniocarpium
  • Clade Brathys s.l.
    • sect. Brathys
    • sect. Trigynobrathys
  • Clade Myriandra-Ascyreia s.l.
    • Clade Ascyreia s.l.
      • sect. Ascyreia
      • sect. Campylosporus
      • sect. Psorophytum
      • sect. Takasagoya
    • Clade Myriandra s.l.
      • sect. Androsaemum
      • sect. Myriandra
    • sect. Roscyna
  • Mediterranean Grade
    • sect. Adenotrias
    • sect. Arthrophyllum
    • sect. Heterophylla
    • sect. Inodora
    • sect. Triadenoides
    • sect. Umbraculoides
    • sect. Webbia


The genus Hypericum contains approximately 500 species which are divided into 36 sections as described by botanist Norman Robson.[2] This division into distinct sections is largely due to the fact that a genus-wide monograph was performed by Robson in 1977, which allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the genus's taxonomy.[3] A phylogenetic study was more recently completed for the genus, which gave evidence to suggest that the genus Triadenum is a clade within Hypericum and that the genus Thornea is sister to Hypericum. In addition, the study found that about 60% of the sections of Hypericum are monophyletic.[4]

Almost all species of Hypericum are either perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees, but the genus also contains a small amount of subshrubs and annual herbs.[3] Most of its species contain hypericin or hyperforin and some are used for their healing properties in folk medicine. The species' leaves are always placed opposite, and are normally decussate.[5] Their flowers are generally homostylous, but very few are dimorphically heterostylous. The petals are normally golden yellow or orange, but some are white or cream, and are veined dorsally. They have 4-5 stamen fascicles, 2-5 ovaries, and 2-5 styles. Some species grow capsular fruit which are colored red or blackish.[6]

Hypericum species can be found all over the world in temperate to tropical areas. The genus is most diverse in Turkey (~80 species) and China (~60 species), but can be found across Asia and Europe, in parts of Africa and South America, Australia, and across the United States and Southern Canada.[7] Non-native species have also been introduced into various regions of the United States and Argentina.[8] The genus are generally found in dry, desert areas to being in shallow water, and can be found from warm temperate climates to cold temperate climates.[6]

Some Hypericum species are used as ornamental plants because of their large, spreading flowers.[9] These include H. aegypticum, H. androsaemum, H. calycinum, and H. olympicum. In addition, there are a number of hybrids and cultivars that have been developed for use in horticulture. Some notable cultivars are , , and . Several species are also used for their medicinal properties, especially their ability to alleviate mild clinical depression, by drawing out the oily extract from the flowers.[10] H. perforatum is the most potent out of all the species, and is the only species cultivated commercially for herbalism and medicine.[11]

Legend[]

Type species[12]
  Type species of section
  Type species of genus
Binomial The binomial name of the Hypericum species.
Common Name The name that the species is commonly called
Type The type of plant that the species is described as
Distribution The country or region where the species is most densely found

Sect. Adenosepalum[]

Adenosepalum Spach is divided into four subsections: Adenosepalum, Aethiopica, Caprifolia, and the Huber-Morathii Group. These subsections contain eight, seven, eleven, and five species, respectively, giving the section Adenosepalum a total of thirty-one species. In addition, Adenosepalum contains two Nothospecies: H. × joerstadii and H. pubescens × tomentosum. H. annulatum has three distinct subspecies.

Adenosepalum is made up of primarily perennial herbs, and also includes shrubs and shrublets. Its species grow to be approximately 2.5 meters tall, and are generally deciduous. Species in Adenosepalum are glabrous or have simple hairs, and almost always have dark black glands on their leaves, sepals, and rarely on their petals and stems. Their leaves are placed opposite and have no ventral glands. Their flowers are stellate or homostylous. They have 5 sepals, 5 stamen fascicles, and 5 petals.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
Subsection Adenosepalum
H. annulatum

Moris (1827)

Perennial herb Balkans, Saudi Arabia, East Africa Hypericum annulatum 2016-04-22 8506.JPG [13][14][15][16][17]
H. athoum

Boiss. & Orph. (1867)

Perennial herb Hypericum athoum (NHS).jpg [18][13][14][19][20]
H. atomarium

Boiss. (1827)

Perennial herb Greece, Turkey, Portugal (Naturalized) Hypericum atomarium (NHS).jpg [21][22][18][13][23]
H. cuisinii

Barbey (1885)

Perennial herb Europe [21][18][13][24][25]
H. delphicum

Boiss. & Heldr. (1854)

Perennial herb Hypericum delphicum (NHS).jpg [21][18][13][14][24]
H. lanuginosum

Lam. (1797)

Perennial herb Middle East, Turkey, Cyprus Hypericum lanuginosum flowers.JPG [26][2][27][28][29]
H. montanum

L. (1755)

Pale St. John's Wort Perennial herb Hypericum montanum08.jpg [21][14][19][30][31]
H. reflexum

L.f. (1782)

Shrub Hypericum reflexum kz1.JPG [32][33][34][15][35]
Subsection Aethiopica
H. abilianum

N.Robson (1980)

Subshrub [8][22][35][36][23]
H. aethiopicum

Thunb. (1800)

Perennial herb Southern Africa [37][35][36][38][39]
H. afrum

Lam. (1797)

Perennial herb Tunisia, Algeria Hypericum afrum (NHS).jpg [40][18][33][35][23]
H. conjungens

N.Robson (1958)

Shrub/subshrub Hypericum conjungens (NHS).jpg [26][35][23][41][42]
H. glandulosum

Aiton (1789)

Malfurada del Monte Shrub Hypericum glandulosum 01.jpg [32][43][24][44]
H. kiboënse

Oliv. (1887)

Shrub/Subshrub [45][46][24]
Subsection Caprifolia
H. caprifolium

Boiss. (1838)

Perennial herb Hypericum caprifolium (NHS).jpg [21][18][13][15][35]
H. coadunatum

Chr. Sm. (1825)

Subshrub/Perennial herb Hypericum coadunatum (NHS).jpg [32][33][15][35][44]
H. collenetteae

N.Robson (1993)

Subshrub/Perennial herb Saudi Arabia Hypericum collenettiae (NHS).jpg [26][2][23][24]
H. naudinianum

Coss. & Durieu (1855)

Perennial herb Morocco, Algeria [45][35][43][24]
H. psilophytum

(Diels) Maire (1935)

Perennial herb Morocco, Algeria [8][33][35][24]
H. pubescens

Boiss. (1838)

Perennial herb Southern Iberia, North Africa [21][22][47][35][43]
H. scruglii

Bacch., Brullo & Salmeri (2010)

Perennial herb Sardinia [45][24][48][49]
H. sinaicum

Hochst. ex Boiss. (1867)

Perennial herb Egypt, Arabian Peninsula [45][33][29][24][50]
H. somaliense

N.Robson (1958)

Perennial herb [8][35][24]
H. tomentosum

L. (1753)

Perennial herb Hypericum tomentosum1.jpg [21][33][34][15][16]
Huber-Morathii Group
H. decaisneanum

Coss. & Daveau (1889)

Perennial herb Hypericum decaisneanum.jpg [45][18][33][35][24]
H. formosissimum

Takht. (1940)

Perennial herb Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey Hypericum formosissimum.jpg [26][22][27][24][25]
H. huber-morathii

N.Robson (1967)

Perennial herb Hypericum huber-morathii.jpg [51][52][33][24][25]
H. minutum

P.H.Davis & Poulter (1954)

Perennial herb [8][2][27][24][25]
H. sechmenii

Ocak & O.Koyuncu (2009)

Perennial herb [53][24][54][26][25]

Sect. Adenotrias[]

Adenotrias (Jaub. & Spach) R. Keller contains three species: H. aciferum, H. aegypticum, and H. russeggeri. Its type species is H. russeggeri. It is not divided into any subsections. H. aegypticum has three subspecies: H. aegypticum aegypticum L., H. aegypticum maroccanum (Pau) N.Robson, and H. aegypticum webbii (Spach) N.Robson.[55]

Adenotrias contains shrubs and shrublets. Its species can grow to be up to 2 meters tall. Its species are glabrous, but have no dark glands. Their leaves are lined and glandular, and are cortex green. Their flowers are almost tubular, and are heterostylous. They have 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 3 stamen fascicles.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. aciferum

(Greuter) N.Robson (1967)

Shrublet Hypericum aciferum.jpg [8][50][21][18][13]
H. aegypticum

L. (1753)

Egyptian St. John's Wort Shrub/shrublet North Africa, Greece, Sardinia [56][47][57][58][59]
H. russeggeri

(Fenzl) R.Keller

Shrub/shrublet Turkey, Syria Hypericum russeggeri.jpg [50][45][33][27][25]

Sect. Androsaemum[]

Androsaemum (Duhamel) Godron contains four species: H. androsaemum, H. foliosum, H. grandifolium, and H. hircinum. In addition, Androsaemum contains one Nothospecies: H. × inodorum. It is not divided into subsections. Its type species is H. androsaemum. One of its species, H. grandifolium, has five different subspecies. The section's species are often collectively referred to as Tutsan.

Androsaemum contains shrubs that grow to be from 0.3–2 meters tall. Its species are deciduous and glabrous, but have no dark glands. Their leaves are opposite, decussate, free, and are a pale color. Every species has 20 flowers, branching out from 2 separate nodes, which are homostylous. They have 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 5 stamen fascicles.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. androsaemum

L. (1753)

Sweet-Amber Shrub Southern Europe, North Africa Hypericum androsaemum in Jardin botanique de la Charme 01.jpg [60][61][62][63][64]
H. foliosum

Aiton (1789)

Azorean St. John's Wort Shrub Portugal (The Azores) Hypericum foliosum (3).JPG [21][40][43][45]
H. grandifolium

Choisy (1821)

Malfurada Shrub Hypericum grandifolium o Granadillo en Anaga.jpg [62][65][66][67][68]
H. hircinum

L. (1753)

Stinking Tutsan Shrub France, Iberia, Italy, Middle East, North Africa Hypericum-hircinum-flowers.JPG [28][29][66][69][70]

Sect. Arthrophyllum[]

Arthrophyllum Jaub. & Spach contains five species, and is not divided into any subsections. Its type species is H. rupestre. Arthrophyllum is most closely related to Webbia.[71]

Arthrophyllum contains shrubs that grow to be approximately 0.9 meters tall and are deciduous but never leafless. Species in Arthrophyllum are glabrous, with reddish to dark glands. Their leaves are placed opposite and are either decussate, sessile, free, or perfoliate and have no ventral glands. They are 40-flowered, and their flowers are stellate and homostylous. They have 5 sepals that lack marginal glands. Arthrophyllum's species also have 5 petals and 3 stamen fascicles, each with 20-40 stamens. Their seeds are narrow and cylindrical.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. cardiophyllum

Boiss. (1867)

Shrub Hypericum cardiophyllum.jpg [72][50][18][27][23]
H. nanum

Poir. (1814)

Shrub Hypericum nanum.jpg [72][50][27][29][43]
H. pamphylicum

N.Robson & P.H.Davis (1980)

Shrub Hypericum pamphylicum.jpg [50][45][18][27][24]
H. rupestre

Jaub. & Spach (1842)

Shrub Hypericum rupestre.jpg [50][51][33][27][35]
H. vacciniifolium

Hayek & Siehe (1914)

Shrub Hypericum vacciniifolium.jpg [50][22][27][19][24]

Sect. Ascyreia[]

Ascyreia Choisy contains exactly 50 species and also includes four nothospecies. The section is one of the largest in the genus that is not divided into any subsections. Its type species is H. calycinum. The section is synonymous with Norysca Spach..[7]

Ascyreia is made up of mostly shrubs or shrublets, but also contains a few trees. Its species generally grow to be from 4–5 meters tall. Some of the species are evergreen, but most are deciduous. They are glabrous, and lack dark glands. Their leaves are opposite, decussate, and free. The section's species have anywhere from 1-25 flowers, which are stellate and homostylous. They have five sepals, which are free. They also have five petals and five stamen fascicles, which each have 20-100 stamens. Their seeds are cylindric or ellipsoid, and some are laterally winged.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. acmosepalum

N.Robson (1970)

Shrub China [14][66][23][73][7]
H. addingtonii

N.Robson (1985)

Addington's St. John's Wort Shrub China [56][14][66][74][73]
H. augustinii

N.Robson (1970)

Augustine's St. John's Wort Shrub China Hypericum augustinii, close up, blooming.jpg [14][66][23][73][7]
H. beanii

N.Robson (1970)

Shrub China [75][76][34][15][77]
H. bellum

H.L.Li (1944)

Shrub China Hypericum bellum by Nick.JPG [63][14][61][78][66]
H. calycinum

L. (1767)

Great St. John's Wort

Aaron's Beard

Rose of Sharon

Shrub Bulgaria, Turkey (MHNT) - Hypericum calycinum - flower.jpg [56][63][79][61][64]

Wall. ex N.Robson (1973)

Shrub China, India, Pakistan Hypericum choisianum in Christchurch Botanic Gardens 01.jpg [80][63][14][66][73]

N.Robson (1985)

Shrub China [73][7][24]

Choisy (1824)

Shrub Nepal [63][2][66][23][43]

N.Robson (1985)

Shrub China [14][73][7]

R.Keller (1904)

subshrub China [69][73][7]
H. forrestii

(Chitt.) N.Robson (1970)

Forest Tutsan Shrub China, Burma Hypericum forrestii - Quarryhill Botanical Garden - DSC03306.JPG [80][14][78][81][77]

Haines (1919)

Shrub India [51][82][63]

Stapf ex C.E.C.Fisch. (1940)

Shrub India, Bangladesh [8][24]

Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer (1874)

Shrub Bhutan, India [83][84][63][7]

H.Lév. & Vaniot (1908)

Shrub China, Southeast Asia [56][73][7][24]
H. hookerianum

Wight & Arn. (1834)

Hooker's St. John's Wort Shrub East and South Asia HypericumHookerianum.jpg [76][63][62][14][43]
H. kouytchense

H.Lév. (1904)

Shrub China Hypericum kouytchense (4855158432).jpg [56][61][64][73][85]
H. lacei

N.Robson (1985)

Shrub Myanmar [51][22][24]

N.Robson (1985)

Shrub China [2][73][7][24]
H. lancasteri

N.Robson (1985)

Shrub China Hypericum lancasteri-IMG 5837.jpg [14][73][7][24]

Choisy (1824)

Shrub/small tree Indonesia [45][66][15][43][86]

N.Robson (1970)

Shrub India [8][66][24]

Oliv.

N.Robson (1985)

Shrub China Hypericum maclarenii - Quarryhill Botanical Garden - DSC03281.JPG [14][73][7][24]

L. (1763)

Shrub China (Southeast), Taiwan Hypericum monogynum1.jpg [63][78][66][73][87]

Wall. ex Wight & Arn. (1934)

Shrub India (South), Sri Lanka Hypericum mysurense Heyne ex Wight & Arn. (14497566817).jpg [63][2][46][24]
H. oblongifolium

Choisy (1821)

Pendant St. John's Wort Shrub Pakistan, India, Nepal Hypericum oblongifolium.jpg [80][63][14][15][43]

Collett & Hemsl. (1890)

Shrub/undershrub Myanmar [51][43][24]
H. patulum

Thunb. (1784)

Goldencup St. John's Wort

Yellow Mosqueta

Shrub China Hypericum patulum 2.JPG [34][88][61][78]

N.Robson (1977)

Shrub Nepal, India [63][24]

Hemsl. (1892)

Shrub China [73][7][24]
H. pseudohenryi

N.Robson (1970)

Irish Tutsan Shrub China Hypericum pseudohenryi 002 GotBot 2016.jpg [81][89][90][31]

Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer (1874)

Shrublet China, Burma, India, Nepal Hypericum reptans (10207031593).jpg [63][66][19][73][7]

N.Robson & D.G.Long (1983)

Shrub Bhutan [40][22][24]

N.Robson (1985)

Shrub Thailand [45][2][24]

N.Robson (1970)

Shrub China [63][66][73][7][24]

N.Robson (1985)

Shrub China [14][66][73][7][24]

Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer (1874)

Shrub Bhutan, India, Nepal [51][63][24]
H. uralum

Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (1823)

Shrub China, Burma, India Hypericum uralum 2.jpg [76][63][90][73][91]

N.Robson (2005)

Shrub China, Burma [22][73][7][24]

N.Robson (1977)

Shrub Nepal [45][63][24]

N.Robson (1970)

Shrub China [2][66][15][73][7]

Sect. Brathys[]

Brathys (Mutis ex L.f.) Choisy is the largest section in Hypericum. It is divided into four subsections: Brathys, Phellotes, Spachium, and Styphelioides. Brathys contains 38 species and the type species, H. juniperinum. Phellotes contains 32 species, Spachium contains 14 species, and Styphelioides contains just 2 species. In total, the section contains 86 species.

Brathys contains a wide variety of plants, including small trees, shrubs, shrublets, and herbs. The largest species in the section grow to be 6 meters tall, and are evergreen. Its species are glabrous—though a few have simple hairs—and lack any dark glands. Their stems are either 4 or 6-lined, and are compressed when the plant is young, but later become terete. Their leaves are placed opposite, are decussate and sessile, and have dense marginal glands. All the species have either one flower on the uppermost node of the plant or 2-15 flowers branching from the uppermost node and from lower secondary nodes. The flowers are stellate or sometimes obconic, and are homostylous. The species have 5 petals which are persistent. They have 5 stamen fascicles which contain anywhere from 1-50 stamens each, formed in a tight ring, to give the plants a total of anywhere from 5-250 stamens. The plants have 5 ovaries, 5 sepals, and 3-5 styles.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
Subsection Brathys
H. aciculare

Kunth (1821)

Shrub Peru, Ecuador [8][92][88][23][24]

Gleason (1929)

Shrub/shrublet [45][34][92][23][93]

Cuatrec. (1959)

Shrub Colombia, Venezuela [22][23][24]

N.Robson (1987)

Shrub Colombia [92][23][24]

Gleason (1929)

subshrub Colombia [2][23][24]

Willd.

Shrub/shrublet Venezuela [23][24]

Cuatrec.

Shrub/shrublet Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia [22][23][24]

N.Robson

Shrub Peru [2][23]

N.Robson

Costa Rica St. John's Wort Shrub/shrublet Colombia, Costa Rica Hypericum costaricense 1.jpg [26][23]

Turcz.

Shrub/shrublet Ecuador, Peru [88]

N.Robson

Shrub Ecuador [88]

N.Robson

Shrublet Colombia [24]

N.Robson

Shrub Costa Rica, Colombia

Kunth

Shrub/shrublet Colombia, Venezuela Hypericum juniperinum (9857748235).jpg [26]

Gleason

Shrub Colombia, Venezuela [2]

Cuatrec.

Shrub Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela [8][92][88]
H. llanganaticum

N.Robson

Shrub Ecuador [40][8][88]

N.Robson

Shrub/small tree Colombia, Venezuela [45]

Cuatrec.

Shrub Colombia, Venezuela [22]

N.Robson

Shrub Colombia, Venezuela

L.

Shrub/shrublet Colombia, Venezuela [26][43]

Urb. & Ekman

Shrub Haiti

N.Robson

Shrub Colombia

Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.

Shrub Colombia [2]
H. prietoi

N.Robson (1945)

Shrub Ecuador [40][88]

Cuatrec.

Shrub/Shrublet Colombia [22]

Urb.

Shrub Dominican Republic

N.Robson

Shrub Peru [92]

Cuatrec.

Shrub Colombia, Ecuador [88]

N.Robson

Shrublet Colombia [8]

N.Robson

Shrub Ecuador [45][92][88]

Kunth

Shrub Colombia [94][88]

Juss.

Shrub Peru [26][92][43]

Hieron.

Shrub South America [2]

Cuatrec.

Shrub/shrublet Colombia [8]

N.Robson

Shrub Colombia [22]

N.Robson

Shrub Peru
Subsection Phellotes
H. acostanum

Steyerm. ex N.Robson

Shrub Ecuador [8][40][88][23]
H. asplundii

N.Robson

Shrublet Ecuador [40][88][23]

N.Robson

Shrub Peru [40][23]

R. Keller

Shrub Colombia, Venezuela [26][23]

N.Robson

Shrub/shrublet Colombia, Venezuela [2][23]

Gleason

Shrub Colombia

N.Robson

Shrub Colombia

Pierce

Shrub Colombia, Venezuela [8]

N.Robson

Shrub Colombia

Cuatrec.

Shrub Colombia [2]
H. hartwegii

Benth. (1843)

Shrub Ecuador [40][88]
H. humboldtianum

Steud. (1840)

Shrub/shrublet Colombia, Venezuela Hypericum thymifolium 1.JPG [45][43]

Kuntze ex N.Robson

Shrub/small tree Costa Rica, Panama Hypericum irazuense.jpg [26][95]

Juss.

Shrub/small tree Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela Hypericum laricifolium (9857729574).jpg [8][92][88][43][96]

Benth.

Shrub/shrublet Ecuador, Peru [22][92][88]

Triana & Planch.

Shrub Colombia
H. maguirei

N.Robson

Shrub Ecuador [40][88]

N.Robson

Shrublet Colombia [34]
H. matangense

N.Robson (1990)

Shrub Ecuador [40][88]

Hieron.

Shrub Colombia Hypericum myricariifolium (3).jpg [8]

N.Robson

Shrub Colombia [22]

N.Robson

Shrub/small tree Venezuela [2]
H. phellos

Gleason (1929)

Shrub/small tree Colombia, Venezuela Hypericum phellos subsp. phellos.jpg [8]

Arechav.

Atlantic St. John's Wort Shrub/perennial herb Brazil, Uruguay [45][24]
H. quitense

R.Keller

Shrub/shrublet Ecuador [40][88]

N.Robson

Shrublet Colombia [22]

Gleason

Shrub Venezuela [95]

Trevis.

Shrub Colombia [26]

N.Robson

Shrub (?) Colombia [2]

Turcz.

Shrub/small tree Colombia, Venezuela [95]

Kunth

Shrub/small tree Colombia Hypericum thuyoides.jpg [43]

N.Robson

Shrub Colombia [8]
Subsection Spachium

Standl. & Steyerm.

Subshrub/shrublet Mexico, Guatemala [22][34][23]

N.Robson

Shrublet Guatemala [23]

Triana & Planch.

Subshrub Colombia, Venezuela [2][23]

N.Robson

Shrub Colombia

Lam.

Perennial herb Dominican Republic, Haiti [97][96]

Griseb.

Puerto Rico St. John's Wort Perennial herb Caribbean [75][34][43][98]

(Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & A. Gray

Drummond's St. John's Wort

Nits and Lice

Annual herb Hypericum drummondii.jpg [75][99][100][101][102]

I.M.Johnst.

Eastwood's St. John's Wort Subshrub/shrublet Mexico [26][34]

Urb.

Shrublet/perennial herb Dominican Republic, Haiti [22]

S.F. Blake

Shrublet Mexico [8]
H. gentianoides

(L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.

Pineweed

Orangegrass

Annual herb Canada, United States, South America Hypericum gentianoides - Pineweed.jpg [103][104][100][102][31]

Seem.

Subshrub/shrublet Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama [22][92][43][95]

Eastw.

Subshrub/perennial herb Mexico [45][34]

N.Robson

Shrublet Mexico [34]
Subsection Styphelioides
H. styphelioides

A.Rich.

Shrub Cuba [26][92]
H. terrae-firmae

Sprague & L.Riley

Shrub/small tree Belize Hypericum terrae-firmae Belize.jpg [8][34][95]

Sect. Bupleuroides[]

Bupleuroides Stef. contains one species, H. bupleuroides, which shares the name of the section.

H. bupleuroides is a perennial herb that grows to be approximately 75 centimeters tall. The species' stems sprout from branching rhizomes, and are glabrous and lack dark glands. The leaves are placed opposite and are terete and are perfoliate. It has anywhere from 4-25 flowers that branch from 1-5 nodes and are stellate and homostylous and have 5 petals. There are either 3 or 4 stamen fascicles with 20-25 stamens each. The species has 5 sepals, 3 ovaries, and 3 styles.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. bupleuroides

Stef. (1852)

Perennial herb Turkey, Russia Hypericum bupleuroides Hypericum ჰიპერიკუმი.JPG [90][51][45][18][105]

Sect. Campylopus[]

Campylopus Boiss. contains one species, H. cerastioides, which is also frequently called H. campylopus. This species is widely cultivated for its vibrant flowers. The section is most closely related to Olympia and Oligostema which are its sister taxa.[105]

Hypericum cerastioides is a perennial herb that grows to be 6-25 centimeters tall, and normally grows upright but sometimes grows prostrate along the ground. It can have a few or numerous stems from plant to plant, and is normally unbranched or branched only below the inflorescence. The stems are white and pubescent with 5-35 millimeter long internodes that can be either shorter or longer than the leaves. It is 1-5 flowered with flowers 2-5 centimeters in diameter. The petals are golden yellow without a tint of red and number 2 times the number of sepals in the inflorescence, and there are 60-100 stamens.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. cerastioides

N.Robson (1967)

Subshrub/Perennial herb Hypericum cerastoides0.jpg [76][13][66][90][105]

Sect. Camplyosporus[]

Campylosporus (Spach) R. Keller contains ten species from Africa and the Middle East. Its type species is H. lanceolatum.

The section contains primarily shrubs and trees that can be spreading or grow up to twelve meters tall. They are all evergreen and may or may not have dark glands along the branches. Most species have bark which is fissured and scaly. The species have many flowers which are homostylous. They have five sepals, five petals, and five stamen fascicles which each have 20-45 stamens.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. balfourii

N.Robson

Shrub/tree [40][23][95]

De Wild.

Shrub/tree Unknown [45][14][35][23]
H. gnidiifolium

A.Rich.

Shrub/tree Ethiopia [40][87]

Lam.

Shrub/small tree Comoros, Réunion Hypericum lanceolatum.JPG [45][15][87][95]

(Spach) Steud.

Madagascar St. John's Wort Shrub Madagascar [26]

A.Rich.

Shrub/tree [34][35][36][41][87]
H. revolutum

Vahl

Curry Bush Shrub/tree Middle East, Ethiopia, Cameroon Hypericum revolutum flower.jpg [14][66][35][42][87]

Schimp. ex A.Rich.

Large-leaved Curry Bush Shrub/tree Hypericum roeperianum Flower.jpg [76][38][35][36][87]
H. socotranum

R.D.Good

Socotra St. John's Wort Shrub [40]

N.Robson

Shrub Ethiopia, Somalia [45][35]

Sect. Concinna[]

Concinna N.Robson contains one species, H. concinnum, which is commonly known as Goldwire.

H. concinnum is a perennial herb or infrequently a subshrub that grows up to 45 centimeters tall. Its stems are erect or ascend from taproots and have dark glands, and change from 4-lined to 2-lined as the species grows. The leaves are placed opposite, and are decussate and free, with closed lamina. The species is 17-flowered and the flowers are stellate and homostylous, with five petals each. The species has five stamen fascicles and a total of 40-100 stamens.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. concinnum

Benth. (1849)

Goldwire Perennial herb/subshrub Hypericum concinnum illust.jpg [80][62][106][100][101]

Sect. Coridium[]

Coridium Spach contains six species from with distributions across Europe. Its type species is H. coris.

The species in the section are low dwarf shrubs or perennial herbs that grow up to 60 centimeters tall. The leaves are glabrous or paperlike, with stems that branch from the taproot and that have dark red and black glands. The leaves are three or four-whorled and have one vein. The species have one to many flowers that come from one to six nodes and are stellate and homostylous. They have five sepals, five petals, and three stamen fascicles with a total of 25-60 stamens.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

Coustur. & Gand (1917)

Dwarf shrub Hypericum amblycalyx.JPG [45][21][18][13][70]

Czern. ex Turcz. (1858)

Perennial herb Russia Hypericum asperuloides inflorescense.jpg [45]
H. coris

L. (1753)

Heath-leaved St. John's Wort Low shrub Hypericum coris1.jpg [75][76][13][66][90]

Willd. (1803)

Subshrub Hypericum empetrifolium var. Oliganthum GotBot 2015 001.jpg [14][66][28][60][70]
H. ericoides

L. (1753)

Dwarf shrub Spain, Tunisia, Morocco Hypericum ericoides fruto.jpg [51][21][13][14][19]

Greuter (1975)

Dwarf shrub Hypericum jovis (2).jpg [51][70]

Sect. Crossophyllum[]

Crossophyllum Spach contains 4 species of perennial herbs. Its type species is H. orientale. The other species in the section are H. adenotrichum, H. aucheri, and H. thasium.

Species in Crossophyllum grow to be around 55 centimeters tall. They are glabrous, and their stems are erect from a rooting base. Their flowers also branch from the base and sometimes from intermediate nodes. The species have anywhere from 1 to 50 flowers which are stellate and homostylous. Their stems are narrow and eglandular and have dark black or amber glands on raised lines. The leaves are placed opposite and are free and decussate. The species have 5 sepals, 5 petals, and 3 or 5 stamen fascicles with 10-20 stamens each.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. adenotrichum

Spach (1826)

Kantaron Perennial herb Turkey Hypericum adenotrichum (2).jpg [50][18][33][23][31]
H. aucheri

Jaub. & Spach (1842)

Perennial herb Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey Hypericum aucheri.jpg [50][21][18][13][23]

L. (1753)

Perennial herb Georgia, Turkey, Russia Hypericum orientale, RBGE 2010, 2.jpg [51][45][14][90][105]

Griesb. (1843)

Perennial herb Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey Hypericum thasium LC0071.jpg [50][21][33][27][25]

Sect. Drosocarpium[]

Drosocarpium Spach contains small perennial herbs that are found around the Mediterranean. H. richeri has 3 subspecies.

The species in the section grow up to 80 centimeters tall and are glabrous (except H. rochelii). Their leaves are placed opposite and are decussate and free. The species have anywhere between one and seventy flowers branching from one to three nodes which are stellate and homostylous. The species has five petals that are persistent after flowering and erect but not twisting, three or four stamen fascicles with a total of thirty to eighty stamens, and three to four styles.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

Elliott (1821)

[8]
H. barbatum

Jacq. (1775)

Bearded St. John's Wort Perennial herb Austria, Italy, Balkans [51][21][18][13][105]

Boiss. (1849)

Perennial herb Georgia, Turkey (Northern) On stones in Giresun, Turkey [21][18][13][27][19]

Rose (1906)

[21][18][33][34]

Spach (1836)

Perennial herb Balkans, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Russia Hypericum montbretii 2.jpg [21][14][34][43][95]

L. (1767)

Perennial herb Iberia, North Africa, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey [14][34][28][35][89]

Vill. (1779)

Alpine St. John's Wort Perennial herb Balkans, Switzerland (Alps), Spain (Pyrenees) ''H. richeri'' subsp. ''burseri'' in the Pyrenees Mountains [21][33][34][19][31]

Griseb. & Schenk (1852)

Perennial herb Balkans [21][18]
H. rumeliacum

Boiss. (1849)

Perennial herb Balkans Botanical specimen in the Botanischer Garten, Frankfurt [80][75][21][19][14]

Boiss. (1849)

Perennial herb [21][33]

Boiss. & Heldr. (1849)

Perennial herb [21][33][14][70]

A. Kern. (1863)

Perennial herb Balkans [21][33]

Griesb. (1843)

Perennial herb Greece, Turkey [21][33][14][25]

Sect. Elodeoida[]

Elodeoida N.Robson contains tall species of annual and perennial herbs. Its type species is H. elodeoides.

The species in the section grow to be up to one meter tall. Their stems are erect or lie flat, sometimes branch out at the base, and are terete. The leaves have dark glands on them and are placed opposite, are decussate, and grow about a centimeter long. The species can have up to fifty flowers, which are homostylous and stellate. They have five petal that remain after flowering and are erect. There are five stamen fascicles are there are a total of nine to sixty stamens with dark anther glands. The seeds are cylindric.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

L.H. Wu & D.P. Yang (2002)

Minnan St. John's Wort Perennial herb [50][73][7]
H. elodeoides

Choisy (1824)

Straight-stemmed St. John's Wort Perennial herb China, Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal Hypericum elodeoides.jpg [50][63][73][7]

L.H. Wu & D.P. Yang (2004)

Perennial herb [50][73]

N.Robson (2001)

Perennial herb China, Myanmar, India [50][73][7]

Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer (1874)

Perennial herb/annual herb China, India, Southeast Asia [50][73][86]

X.C.Du & Y.Ren (2005)

Perennial herb [50][73][107]

Maxim. (1881)

Perennial herb [50][34][73][7]

Sect. Graveolentia[]

Graveolentia N.Robson is a diverse section of nine species whose type species is H. graveolens.

Graveolentia is similar to sect. Hypericum but differs in having mature stem internodes with different characteristics, as well as sepals with linear laminar glands and amber anther glands. Species in the section have one to seventy flowers regularly, but can have up to 124 in some circumstances, and they grow from one to four different nodes. The species have five sepals that are free and persistent and stand erect when the plants are in fruit. They also have five petals that are erect and not twisting and lack apiculus. There are also five stamen fascicles with a total of sixteen to ninety stamens.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. collinum

Schltdl. & Cham. (1830)

Wiry perennial herb Mexico [8][23]

R.Keller (1908)

Wiry perennial herb Mexico, Guatemala [8][2]

Kunth (1822)

Western St. John's Wort Perennial herb Mexico Western St. John's-Wort (Hypericum formosum) in Logan Pass - Flickr - Jay Sturner.jpg [76][106][43]

Buckley (1843)

Mountain St. John's Wort Perennial herb Photo near Clingmans Dome [80][75][100][101]

N.Robson (2006)

Perennial herb Mexico [51][34]

R.Keller (1923)

Wiry perennial herb/subshrub Guatemala, Mexico [45][34]

S.Watson (1890)

Perennial herb Mexico [45][2]

Bush (1901)

False Spotted St. John's Wort Perennial herb [80][75][99][100][101]
H. punctatum

Lam. (1796)

Spotted St. John's Wort Perennial herb Canada, United States [103][108][104][100][34]

Sect. Heterophylla[]

Heterophylla N.Robson contains a single shrublet, H. heterophyllum, from which the section derives its name.

H. heterophyllum is a shrublet that grows to be up to 25 centimeters tall. It is semi-deciduous and glabrous and lacks dark glands. The stems are 2-lined and are colored cortex green, but their bark is smooth and reddish brown. The leaves are placed opposite and are decussate, sessile, and free. The leaf blades are open or 1-nerved and their glands are linear to punctiform and are dense in the margins but the ventral glands are absent. They have 3-12 flowers that branch from 1-3 nodes and sometimes the lower branches will flower as well., and the flowers are stellate and homostylous. There are five sepals, three styles, and three stamen fascicles with a total of 35-45 stamens.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. heterophyllum

Vent. (1802)

Shrublet Description des plantes nouvelles et peu connues (Plate 68) (9340619637).jpg [51][45][27][43][105]

Sect. Hirtella[]

Stef., not to be confused with the unrelated genus Hirtella described by Linneaus, is split into two subsections: and , which have eighteen and eleven species respectively for a total of twenty nine species.

The section contains perennial herbs that grow up to eighty centimeters tall. They are often glaucous and the stems are erect or decumbent, and are rarely rooting (H. hyssopifolium). The stems are 2-lined and usually . The leaves are placed opposite, are decussate, sessile, and are usually free. The leaf blades have pale glands but lack ventral glands. The species have few to many flowers that grow from five to fifteen nodes, and sometimes have flowering branches from lower nodes. Their flowers are stellate and homostylous. They have five sepals, five petals that are sometimes tinged red, and around three stamen fascicles with a total of 25-60 stamens. The seeds are cylindrical in shape.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
Subsection Platyadenum

Hochst. (1845)

Perennial herb Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Iran [50][18][33][27][29]

Jaub. & Spach (1842)

Perennial herb Iraq Hypericum asperulum (NHS).jpg [22][23]

Choisy (1821)

Perennial herb Syria, Turkey [18][27][23][25]

N.Robson (2010)

Perennial herb [25]

(Spach) Boiss. (1849)

Perennial herb Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan [2][27]

(Spach) Boiss. (1849)

Perennial herb Iran, Iraq [26]

N.Robson (1970)

Perennial herb Hypericum libanoticum 1.jpg [45][29]

Boiss.

Perennial herb Hypericum lydium (NHS).jpg [51][33][27][25]

Boiss. & Noë (1854)

Perennial herb Turkey, Iraq, Iran [33][27][25]

(Spach) Boiss. (1867)

Perennial herb Jordan, Syria, Turkey, Iraq, Iran? Hypericum olivieri (NHS).jpg [33][27][25]

N.Robson (1967)

Perennial herb Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan [18][27][25]

Aucher ex Jaub. & Spach (1842)

Perennial herb Syria, Turkey, Iraq Hypericum retusum (NHS).jpg [8][18][33][27][25]

N.Robson & Poulter (1967)

Perennial herb Turkey [22][33][27][25]

L. (1755)

Perennial herb Middle East, Caucasus, Central Asia, China Hypericum scabrum kz08.jpg [109][33][14][34][29]

Jaub. & Spach (1842)

Perennial herb Turkey, Syria [33][27][43][25]

Boiss. & Noë (1854)

Perennial herb Turkey [33][27][25]
H. thymopsis

Boiss. (1854)

Perennial herb Turkey [33][27][25]

Boiss. & Hausskn. (1888)

Perennial herb Iraq, Iran Hypericum vermiculare (NHS).jpg [26]
Subsection Stenadenum

(N.Robson) Sennikov (1993)

Perennial herb Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran, Central Asia [2][25]

Kar. & Kir. (1842)

Perennial herb Central Asia [45][18][33][27]

Coss. (1852)

Perennial herb Spain, Morocco [13][35]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Turkey, Armenia, Iran [22][18][33][27][25]

Ledeb. ex Rchb. (1825)

Perennial herb Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran, Central Asia, China [18][33][27][35][73]

Chaix (1786)

Perennial herb Spain, France, Italy, Serbia, Bulgaria Hypericum hyssopifolium kz06.jpg [21][13][14][19][35]

Rzazade (1954)

Perennial herb Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran [2][25]

Boiss. & Heldr. (1849)

Perennial herb Turkey (Antalya, Konya, Isparta, Adana, Hatay) [25]

Hand.-Mazz. (1913)

Perennial herb Turkey Hypericum salsolifolium (NHS).jpg [26][33][27][25]

N.Robson (1986)

Perennial herb Turkey [22][18][33][27][25]

Boiss. & Spruner (1843)

Perennial herb [2]

Sect. Humifusoideum[]

Humifusoideum R. Keller, also called Pulogensia, contains 6 species. Its type species is H. peplidifolium. H. beccarii has two subspecies: and .

Sect. Humifusoideum contains shrubs, subshrubs, and herbs that grow erect or prostrate and grow up to 1.5 meters tall. The shrubs are evergreen and glabrous and usually have dark glands. The stems are either 2-lined or 4-lined and are flattened when the plant is young, they usually lack glands, but rarely have dark glands; they are colored cortex greed or a dark red, while the bark is smooth and colored red-brown. The leaves are placed opposite, are decussate and free, and their blades are entire and either closed or open, with pale glands. The species usually have one flower, but very rarely can have up to ten that come from two nodes. The flowers are stellate and homostylous and have five free sepals that are persistent, five petals that are persistent and spreading, and three to five stamen fascicles with anywhere from ten to eighty stamens. The seeds are cylindric.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

N.Robson (1973)

Beccari's St. John's Wort Perennial/annual herb Indonesia (Sumatra, Java) [45][2][23][43][86]
H. nagasawae

Hayata (1973)

Perennial herb/shrublet [110][43][73][7]

J.M. Wood & M.S. Evans

Perennial herb South Africa, Eswatini [45][34][35]

Ohwi (1937)

Perennial herb [73][7]

A.Rich (1847)

Perennial herb Sub-saharan Africa [36][38][41][39][87]

R.Keller (1908)

Perennial herb Zimbabwe, South Africa, Madagascar [45][35][38][95]

Sect. Hypericum[]

Hypericum, sometimes referred to as the "type section" of the genus, contains perennial herbs and very few subshrubs. It contains the type species of the genus, H. perforatum. , with twenty-three species, is the far less studied subsection of the section, while the details of have been much more analyzed. Subsect. Hypericum has eighteen species total, with ten (including the type species) in , and eight in . The section contains forty-one species in total.

The species in sect. Hypericum grow to be 1.2 meters tall and can grow either erect or prostrate. They are glabrous some have dark glands while others do not. Their stems are 2-lined or 2-winged when young and either remain so or become terete as the plant ages. The leaves are placed opposite or abnormally whorled, are decussate, and are either sessile or pseudopetiolate, as well as being free and persistent. They are up to 70-flowered from one to four nodes, with some lower subsidiary branches. The flowers are stellate and homostylous. The species have 5 persistent sepals, 3 stamen fascicles, and 20-100 total stamens.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
Subsection Erecta

Makino

Perennial herb Japan [8]
H. elegans

Stephan ex Willd.

Elegant St. John's Wort Perennial herb Russia, Germany, Eastern Europe, Balkans Hypericum elegans0.jpg [26][18][13][14][27]

Thunb.

Perennial herb Russia, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China 2012-09-04 2 Hypericum-erectum-flower.JPG [80][14][78][19][31]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Japan [45]

Koidz.

Perennial herb Japan [22]

Nakai

Perennial herb Japan (Honshū) [2]

Franch. & Sav.

Perennial herb Japan [15][19]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Japan (Hokkaidō) [8]

Koidz.

Perennial herb Japan (Honshū, Kyūshū) [22]

(Y.Kimura) N.Robson

Perennial herb Japan (Hokkaidō)

Koidz.

Perennial herb Japan (Honshū, Kyūshū, Ryūkyū Islands) [2][19]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Japan

Makino

Perennial herb Japan

N.Robson

Perennial herb Japan (Hokkaidō) [2]

Koidz.

Perennial herb Japan

N.Robson

Perennial herb Japan (Hokkaidō) [26]

R.Keller

Perennial herb Japan [111][112][14][86][7]

Sasaki ex S.Suzuki

Perennial herb Taiwan, China, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia [73][7]

Hausskn. ex Bornm.

Perennial herb [22][18][33][27]

Koidz.

Perennial herb Japan [8]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Japan

H.Koidz.

Perennial herb Japan (Hokkaidō) [2]

Miyabe & Kimura

Perennial herb Japan (Hokkaidō) [45]
Subsection Hypericum
Series Hypericum
H. attenuatum

Fisch. ex Choisy (1821)

Perennial herb Russia, China, Mongolia, Korea [34][78][15][31][73]

H.Koidz. (1937)

Perennial herb Japan (Honshû, Iwate) [26][2]
H. maculatum

Crantz (1763)

Imperforate St. John's Wort Perennial herb Europe, Canada (Introduced) Hypericum.maculatum.-.lindsey.jpg [75][76][81][30][60]

Makino (1931)

Perennial herb Japan (Honshû) [8]
H. perforatum

L. (1753)

Common St. John's Wort

Perforate St. John's Wort

Klamath weed

Perennial herb Plant in [[Gironde, France]] [108][79][113][114][115]

Hook. (1831)

Scouler's St. John's Wort Perennial herb Canada, United States, Mexico Hypericumscouleri.jpg [80][62][100][46]
H. tetrapterum

Fr. (1828)

Slender St. John's Wort Perennial herb Hypericum sp - Peterwort - Kantaron 1.jpg [76][116][113][81][60]
H. triquetrifolium

Turra (1765)

Wavy-leaved St. John's Wort

Curled-leaved St. John's Wort

Perennial herb Hypericum triquetrifolium.jpg [47][28][29][77][70]
H. undulatum

Schousb. ex Willd. (1809)

Flax-Leaved St. John's Wort Perennial herb British Isles, France (Brittany), Iberia, North Africa Hypericum undulatum var. undulatum.jpg [116][33][81][60][31]

Maxim. (1887)

Perennial herb [50]
Series Senanensia

L.H. Wu & F.S. Wang (2004)

Perennial herb China (Hubei) [73][7]

R.Keller (1925)

Perennial herb China [73][7]

Ledeb. (1841)

Perennial herb Russia, Japan Hypericum kamtschaticum var. senanense 11.jpg [45][14][78][15][19]

H.Koidz. (1937)

Perennial herb Japan (Hokkaido) [8]

Franch. & Sav. (1878)

Perennial herb Korea, Japan [22]

(Miyabe & Y.Kimura) N.Robson (2006)

Perennial herb Japan (Hokkaido) [2]

Maxim. (1887)

Perennial herb [2]

Makino (1898)

Perennial herb Japan (Shikoku, Kyūshū) [19]

Sect. Inodora[]

Inodora Stef. contains one species, a shrub called H. xylosteifolium or sometimes H. inodorum.

H. xylosteifolium grows to be approximately 1.5 meters, and is a deciduous plant. It typically has anywhere from 1-7 flowers, which are terminal and sometimes have subsidiary branches. The flowers are 1.5–3 cm in diameter and are stellate and rounded. Its anthers are yellow-orange and its stamen are in fascicles in groups of 10-11.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. xylosteifolium

(Spach) N.Robson (1967)

Turkish Tutsan Shrub Hypericum xylosteifolium.jpg [51][45][66][81][105]

Sect. Monanthema[]

Monanthema N.Robson contains 7 species native to eastern Asia. One of its species, H. monanthemum, has two subspecies: and .

The section contains small perennial herbs that grow up to 40 centimeters tall. Their stems are erect to prostrate, and are creeping and branching at the base of the plant. They are glabrous and have dark glands on their leaves, seals, and petals. The stems are terete when mature and are normally eglandular, but will very rarely have a few reddish glands. The leaves are opposite, decussate, and sessile or pseudopetiolate. The laminar glands are either pale or black, and can be very dense to almost absent, and are relatively small. The species are normally 1-15 flowered, but in rare cases can have up to 50 flowers. They grow from one or two nodes, with lower subsidiary branches, and are stellate and homostylous. They have five sepals, five petals, five stamen fascicles with 10-45 total stamens, and 2-4 ovaries. The seeds are cylindric and not carinate.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

N.Robson (2001)

Perennial herb [50][73][7]

N.Robson (1977)

Perennial herb [50][63][73][7]

N.Robson (1983)

Perennial herb [50][63][73][7]

Hook.f. & Thomson ex Dyer

(1874)

Perennial herb [50][14][73][7]

(R.Keller) N.Robson (2001)

Perennial herb [50][73][7][26]

Hand.-Mazz. (1931)

Perennial herb [50][73][7]

Wall. ex Wight & Arn. (1834)

Perennial herb [50][63][43][73][7]

Sect. Myriandra[]

Myriandra (Spach) R. Keller contains shrubs, shrublets, and perennial herbs that grow to be up to 4.5 m.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
Subsection Ascyrum
H. crux-andreae

(L.) Crantz

Atlantic St. Peter's Wort Shrub Hypericum crux-andreae US-dist-map.png Hypericum crux-andreae.jpg [99][117][118][100][101]
H. edisonianum

(Small) W.P. Adams & N.Robson

Arcadian St. John's Wort Shrub United States [80][75][99][100][101]
H. hypericoides

(L.) Crantz

St. Andrew's Cross Shrub/Wiry shrublet United States, Mexico, Central America St. Andrews-cross (Hypericum hypericoides) (6757577093).jpg [99][117][118][100][101]
H. suffruticosum

W.P. Adams & N.Robson

Pineland St. John's Wort Dwarf shrub United States [80][76][99][118][100]
H. tetrapetalum

Lam.

Four-Petaled St. John's Wort Shrub/Perennial herb United States, Cuba [80][75][76][99][100]
Subsection Brathydium
H. dolabriforme

Vent.

Straggling St. John's Wort Subshrub United States [75][104][76][100][101]
H. myrtifolium

Lam.

Myrtle-leaf St. John's Wort Shrub United States [75][76][99][100][101]
Subsection Centrosperma

(Spach) Steud.

Coastal Plain St. John's Wort Shrub United States [80][76][99][100][101]

(Spach) Steud.

Roundfruit St. John's Wort [50][2]

W.P. Adams

Apalachicola St. John's Wort Shrub United States (Florida) [80][75][76][101][119]
H. densiflorum

Pursh

Dense St. John's Wort Shrub Eastern United States [104][118][63][100][101]

W.P. Adams

Florida Sands St. John's Wort Southeastern United States [80][75][99][101]
H. fasciculatum

Lam.

Peelbark St. John's Wort

Sandweed

Shrub United States [80][99][118][100][101]
H. frondosum

Michx.

Cedarglade St. John's Wort Shrub United States Hypericum frondosum.jpg [104][99][100][101][66]
H. galioides

Lam.

Bedstraw St. John's Wort Shrub United States [99][117][118][101][66]

Small

[22][34]
H. kalmianum

L.

Kalm's St. John's Wort Shrublet United States, Canada Hypericum kalmianum flower.jpg [103][108][100][31][120]

W.P. Adams

Smoothbark St. John's Wort Shrub United States [75][76][99][101][85]
H. lloydii

(Svenson) P.B.Adams

Sandhill St. John's Wort Shrub United States [80][75][118][100][101]
H. lobocarpum

Gatt.

Fivelobe St. John's Wort Shrub United States Hypericum lobocarpum Oklahoma.jpg [80][75][76][101][119]

Lam.

Carolina St. John's Wort Shrub/small tree United States, Cuba, Belize [76][99][118][101][119]

Torr. & A. Gray

[51][34]
H. prolificum

L.

Shrubby St. John's Wort Shrub United States, Canada Hypericum prolificum - Shrubby Saintjohnswort.jpg [104][99][118][100][85]
H. swinkianum

G.Wilh. & L. Rericha

Swink's St. Johns wort Shrub Hypericum swinkianum occurrences.png Hypericum swinkianum.jpg [121][103][34][122]
H. tenuifolium

Pursh

Atlantic St. John's Wort Shrub Hypericum reductum.jpg [118][22][34][119][98]
Subsection Pseudobrathydium
H. buckleyi

M.A.Curtis

Buckley's St. John's Wort Shrub [118][100][101][34][66]
Subsection Suturosperma
H. adpressum

W.P.C. Barton

Creeping St. John's Wort Perennial herb Hypericum adpressum drawing.png [103][104][76][100][101]

Small

Early St. John's Wort Shrub [76][99][101][34][119]

Lam.

Roundpod St. John's Wort Shrub/subshrub Hypericum-cistifolium-4 (14121145598).gif [99][118][63][100][101]

Hook.

Pale St. John's Wort Perennial herb Canada, United States [103][108][104][100][123]

(Torr. & A. Gray) A. Gray ex S. Watson

Flatwoods St. John's Wort Shrub [75][76][99][100][101]

Michx. ex Willd.

Early St. John's Wort Shrub [75][99][118][100][101]
H. sphaerocarpum

Michx.

Roundseed St. John's Wort Subshrub/perennial herb ''H. sphaerocarpum'' in a cedar glade in Meigs County, Tennessee [85][76][100][102][120]

Sect. Oligostema[]

Oligostema (Boiss.) Stef. consists of perennial and annual herbs up to 75 cm tall.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

Font Quer & Pau

Perennial herb Morocco [26][22][18][35][23]
H. australe

Ten.

Perennial herb [21][124][18][13][47]
H. humifusum

L.

Trailing St. John's Wort Perennial/ biennial/annual herb [125][63][101][81][31]

Bald.

Keller's St. John's Wort Perennial herb [80][21][19][70]

Vahl

Toadflax-leaved St. John's Wort Perennial herb Hypericum linariifolium.jpg [21][2][81][15][19]
H. repens

L.

Perennial herb Hypericum repens.jpg [26][33][28][15][35]

Sect. Olympia[]

Olympia (Spach) Nymam contains four dwarf shrubs. Its type species is H. olympicum.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. auriculatum

(N.Robson & Hub.-Mor.) N.Robson (2010)

Shrub/subshrub [51][22][95][25]
H. lycium

(N.Robson & Hub.-Mor.) N.Robson (2010)

Shrub/subshrub [51][2][126][25]
H. olympicum

L. (1753)

Mount Olympus St. John's Wort Shrub/subshrub Balkans Hypericum olympicum Dziurawiec olimpijski 01.jpg [51][63][77][90][105]
H. polyphyllum

Boiss. & Balansa (1856)

Shrub/subshrub Southeastern Turkey, Syria Зверобой многолистный KR 01.jpg [80][51][27][15][19]

Sect. Origanifolia[]

Origanifolia Spach contains 13 species of shrub-like perennial herbs. Its type species is H. origanifolium.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

(Hub.-Mor.) N.Robson

Perennial herb Turkey [50][25]

Jaub. & Spach

Perennial herb Turkey [21][18][13][27][90]

(Boiss.) N.Robson

Perennial herb Turkey [50][25]

Boiss. & Balansa

Perennial herb Turkey [50][25]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Turkey [50][25]

Poulter

Perennial herb Turkey [50][33][27][25]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Turkey [50][25]

Boiss.

Perennial herb Turkey [50][25]

Willd.

Perennial herb Georgia, Syria, Turkey Hypericum origanifolium.jpg [50][22][27][15][105]

Boiss. & Heldr.

Perennial herb Turkey [50][25]

N.Robson & Hub.-Mor.

Perennial herb Turkey [50][18][33][27][25]

Griseb.

Perennial herb Turkey [50][22][25]

Boiss. & Heldr.

Perennial herb Turkey [50][25]

Sect. Psorophytum[]

Psorophytum (Spach) Nyman contains a single species, H. balearicum.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. balearicum

L. (1753)

Hipérico de las Baleares Shrub/small tree ''H. balearicum'' at the University of California, Berkeley Botanical Garden [40][127][18][105]

Sect. Roscyna[]

(Spach) R. Keller contains 2 species: its type species, H. ascyron, and H. przewalskii. Roscyna was once considered to be its own individual genus which contained only the two species. H. ascyron has two subspecies, and .

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. ascyron

L. (1753)

Great St. John's Wort Perennial herb [103][104][108][100][120]
H. przewalskii

Maxim. (1881)

Przewalksi's St. John's Wort Perennial herb Hypericum przewalskii.jpg [51][34][43][73]

Sect. Sampsonia[]

Sampsonia N.Robson contains two species: its type species, H. sampsonii, and H. assamicum.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. assamicum

S.N.Biswas (1971)

Assamese St. John's Wort Perennial herb India [51][128][63]
H. sampsonii

Hance (1865)

Sampson's St. John's Wort Perennial herb China, Japan, Southeast Asia Hypericum sampsonii.jpg [34][78][129][46]

Sect. Santomasia[]

Santomasia (N.Robson) N.Robson contains a single species, H. steyermarkii.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. steyermarkii

Standl. (1940)

Unknown Guatemala, Mexico [8][22]

Sect. Taeniocarpium[]

Taeniocarpium Jaub. & Spach contains small wiry perennial herbs up to 1.1 meters tall.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

Jaub. & Spach

Perennial herb Eastern Turkey, Armenia [26][22][18][14][23]
H. confertum

Choisy

Perennial herb Turkey to Lebanon, Cyprus [28][15][19][23][25]

Boiss.

Dwarf shrub Central Anatolia [50][18][33][23][25]
H. fissurale

Woronow

Cracked St. John's Wort Perennial herb Turkey [40][18][27][24][25]

Güner

Perennial herb Turkey [8][27][25]
H. hirsutum

L.

Hairy St. John's Wort Perennial herb Hypericum hirsutum W.jpg [13][113][130][81][30]

Boiss.

Perennial herb Turkey Hypericum kotschyanum.jpg [22][18][33][14][19]

Bosse

Perennial herb Caucasia, Middle East, Turkey, Russia, Balkans [21][27][15][19][105]

Peșmen

Perennial herb Turkey [18][33][27][25]

Woronow

Perennial herb Turkey [22][18][25]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Southern Turkey [33][34][27][25]

Boiss. & Heldr.

Perennial herb Central Turkey [18][27][25]

Trautv.

Perennial herb Russia, Georgia, Turkey [18][33][27][25]

L.

Perennial herb France, Spain, Italy (Extinct) Hypericum nummularium (9710420917).jpg [21][33][19][89][43]

Yıld.

Perennial herb Turkey [8][27][25]

Boiss. & Balansa

Shrublet/ Perennial herb Turkey, Georgia [22][18][33][27][15]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Turkey [2][25]
H. pulchrum

L.

Slender St. John's Wort Perennial herb Hypericum pulchrum.jpg [80][75][76][14][81]

Bornm.

Shrublet Turkey [8][22][18][25]

N.Robson & Hub.-Mor.

Perennial herb Turkey [26][18][33][27][25]

Quézel & Contandr.

Perennial herb Greece [21][18][33][19]

Woronow

Theodor's St. John's Wort Perennial herb Azerbaijan [40]

Banks & Sol.

Subshrub Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel [33][27][29][25]

N.Robson

Dwarf shrub Turkey [45][33][25]

Fenzl

Perennial herb Lebanon, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan [26][18][27][25]

Sect. Takasagoya[]

Takasagoya (Y.Kimura) N.Robson contains deciduous shrubs and shrublets that grow up to 1.5 m tall.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References

Maxim. (1881)

Taiwanese St. John's Wort Shrub [75][51][73][7]

Hemsl. (1895)

Shrub Taiwan, Philippines [43][73][86][7]

(Masam.) N.Robson (1973)

Shrub [73][7]

Hatus. (1973)

Shrub Ryukyu Islands [51][22]

Hayata (1911)

Shrub Hypericum subalatum.jpg [73][110][7]

Sect. Triadenioides[]

Jaub. & Spach contains 7 species. Its type species is H. pallens. H. haplophylloides has two subspecies: and . The species of the section are found in the mountain ranges of Turkey and the Levant, and several are confined to the island of Socotra.[105]

Triadenioides contains shrubs and shrublets that grow up to 60 centimeters tall. They grow prostrate to erect and the lower parts of the plant are deciduous. Those confined to Socotra lack dark glands, but the species in the Levant have red to black glands on the flower and sometimes leaves or stems.[105] The leaves are either opposite or 3-whorled and are free and either sessile or petiolate. The species have between one and thirteen flowers that are stellate and have one style. They have 5 petals each which are spreading or erect. They have 3 stamen fascicles with many stamens and have 5 sepals.[6]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. fieriense

N.Robson (1993)

Shrub [40][2]
H. haplophylloides

Halácsy & Bald. (1893)

[51][21][131][13][19]
H. musadoganii

Yıld. (2010)

[51][22]
H. pallens

Banks & Solander

Shrublet Turkey, Syria, Lebanon Hypericum pallens-IMG 2030.jpg [51][14][27][19][25]
H. scopulorum

Balf.f (1882)

Shrub Specimen (A, left) alongside ''H. toruosum'' (B, right) [40][43][95]
H. ternatum

Poulter (1954)

Shrublet Turkey [45][33][27][25]
H. tortuosum

Balf.f (1882)

Shrub/Shrublet Specimen (B, right) alongside ''H. scopulorum'' (A, left) [40][43]

Sect. Trigynobrathys[]

Trigynobrathys (Y. Kimura) N.Robson contains shrubs and subshrubs as well as annual and perennial herbs that are very diverse in size and shape.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
Subsection Connatum

Choisy

Subshrub/annual herb? Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina [26][34][15][43][93]

Cham. & Schltdl.

Perennial/annual herb [[Chile]] [8][23]

Cham. & Schltdl.

Subshrub Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay [45][23][93]

Cham. & Schltdl.

Subshrub Brazil, Argentina [22][34][15][23]

Griseb.

Subshrub/annual herb Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay [2][15][23]

L.B. Sm.

Subshrub Uruguay [2][23]

Lam.

Subshrub/perennial herb Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia [22][92][23][93][132]

(Vell.) N.Robson

Subshrub/perennial herb Brazil [26][2][23][43]
H. cumulicola

(Small) P.B. Adams

Highlands Scrub St. John's Wort Perennial herb United States (Florida) Hypericum cumulicola.jpg [80][99][101][133][134]
H. denticulatum

Walter

Coppery St. John's Wort Perennial herb United States Hypericum denticulatum NRCS-1.jpg [75][99][14][100][101]

A. St.-Hil.

Shrub/subshrub Brazil, Argentina
H. erythreae

(Spach) Steud.

Sparse-leaved St. John's Wort Perennial herb United States [75][101][34][119]
H. gramineum

G.Forst.

Grassy St. John's Wort Perennial/annual herb Oceania, Vietnam, China, India, Hawaii Small St Johns Wort flower (13797131013).jpg [76][63][101][61][46]
H. harperi

R.Keller

Sharplobe St. John's Wort Perennial herb United States [80][75][76][99][101]

L.B. Sm.

Subshrub Uruguay [22][43]

A. St.-Hil.

Subshrub/annual herb Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay [2]

Gilg ex R. Keller

Subshrub Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay

L.B. Sm.

Subshrub Brazil [8]

Cham. & Schltdl.

Subshrub Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay [22][15][43]

Klotzsch ex Reichardt

Subshrub Brazil, Uruguay [26]

A. St.-Hil.

Shrub/subshrub Brazil [24]

N.Robson

Subshrub Brazil [2][24]

L.

Hairy St. John's Wort Perennial/annual herb United States [80][75][99][100]

Juss.

Sangrenaria Perennial/annual herb Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Argentina [34][92][88][43][93]

A. St.-Hil.

Subshrub Brazil, Paraguay [22][132]

A. St.-Hil.

Subshrub Brazil [45][34]

Lam.

Sharpleaf St. John's Wort United States [75][101][34][119]
Subsection Knifa
H. anagalloides

Cham. & Schltdl.

Creeping St. John's wort Perennial/annual herb Canada, United States, Mexico Hypericumanagalloides.jpg [40][76][62][100][101]
H. aphyllum

Lundell

Annual herb Belize A flora of North America (Table 92) (7361692630).jpg [26][23][24]

A. Rich.

Annual herb Cuba [8][2][23]
H. boreale

(Britton) H. P. Bicknell

Northern St. John's Wort Perennial/annual herb Eastern Canada, New England USFWS hypericum boreale (23831276045).jpg [103][104][108][100][135]

Choisy

Annual herb Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina [8][92][88][93]
H. canadense

L.

Lesser Canadian St. John's Wort Perennial/annual herb United States, Canada Hypericum canadense NRCS-1.jpg [103][104][100][101][88]

R. Keller

Perennial herb Madagascar [2][24]
H. gymnanthum

Engelm. & A.Gray

Clasping-leaf St. John's Wort

Small-flowered St. John's Wort

Annual herb United States, Guatemala Hypericum gymnanthum BB-1913.png [99][21][100][101][120]

Staner

Perennial herb Uganda, DRC, Rwanda, Burundi [50][35]
H. japonicum

Thunb.

Matted St. John's Wort Annual herb Asia, Oceania Hypericum japonicum 1.jpg [136][61][78][129][132]

N.Robson

Perennial herb Colombia [22][24]

Choisy

Perennial herb Africa [35][36][137][39][87]
H. majus

(A.Gray) Britton

Greater Canadian St. John's Wort Perennial herb Canada, United States (Introduced to W. Europe) [103][108][104][100][101]

Kunth

Perennial/annual herb Mexico [34][92]
H. mutilum

L.

Dwarf St. John's Wort Perennial/annual herb Starr 020803-0005 Hypericum mutilum.jpg [103][62][104][120][106]

Milne-Redh.

Perennial/annual herb DRC, Zambia, Angola, Namibia [26][35][36][138][42]

Greene

Sierra Madre St. John's Wort Perennial/annual herb Mexico, Hawaii [80][75][76][101][34]

Kunth

Fewflower St. John's Wort Subshrub/perennial herb Mexico [80][75][76][101][34]

S. Watson

Perennial herb Mexico, United States [76][34][92]

N.Robson

Wiry shrublet Brazil [8][2]

Schltdl. & Cham.

Annual herb Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras [50][34][92][43]

C. Rodr. Jim.

Annual herb Brazil [22][126]

Schltdl. & Cham.

Sanguinaria Perennial/annual herb Mexico, Central America [34][88][15]

Sessé & Moc.

Mexico [26][126]

N.Robson

Subshrub Colombia [2][126][26][24]

Chiov.

Perennial herb Eastern Africa, DRC [22][35][41]

Kunth

Perennial herb Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia Hypericum thesiifolium.jpg [34][88][15][93]

Sect. Tripentas[]

Tripentas (Casp.) N.Robson contains one long-stemmed perennial herb, H. elodes. Tripentas is sometimes separated into its own genus under the synonyms Elodes (Spach) W. Koch, Martia Sprengel, Perforaria Choisy, Spachelodes Y. Kimura, or Tripentas Casp.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. elodes

L. (1759)

Marsh St. John's Wort Perennial herb Hypericum helodes 1.jpg [40][21][61][81][60]

Sect. Umbraculoides[]

Umbraculoides N.Robson contains a single species, H. umbraculoides, for which the section is named. It is closely related to .[139]

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. umbraculoides

N.Robson (1985)

Deciduous shrub Mexico [50][51][8][26]

Sect. Webbia[]

Webbia (Spach) R. Keller contains a large deciduous shrub that can grow up to 4 meters tall.

Binomial Common Name Type Distribution Image References
H. canariense

L. (1753)

Canary Islands St. John's Wort

Granadillo

Shrub/Tree ''H. canariense'' at the Jardín Botánico de Barcelona [80][18][62][101][106]

Extinct[]

Hypericum fossils have been found from the Late Eocene to the present day, with the most commonly found part of the plant being the seeds due to their hardiness. However, a small number of leaves and even pollen have also been found as fossils. The oldest fossil recovered was a seed belonging to the species H. antiquum which was found in Northern Asia. This species is considered to be the common ancestor of the family Hypericaceae.[140]

Binomial Fossil Status Temporal Range Location Distribution References
H. antiquum

Balueva & Nikitin

Seeds Neogene
Pg
 		Russia (Siberia) [140][141][139]

E. Reid

Seeds Pliocene
Pg
↓
 		France [141]

Nikitin

Seeds Miocene
Pg
 		Russia Europe [141]

Friis

Miocene
Pg
 		Denmark [142][143][141]

Dorof.

Seeds Pliocene
Pg
↓
 		Belarus Europe [141]

Dorof.

Oligocene–Pliocene
Pg
 		[140]
H. holyi

Friis

Middle Miocene
Pg
↓
 		Denmark [143][140]

Jakub

Seeds Miocene
Pg
 		Belarus Europe [141]
H. septestum

Nikitin ex Arbuzova

Miocene
Pg
 		Czech Republic, Russia [144][145][141]

Nikitin

Oligocene–Pliocene
Pg
 		[140]

See also[]

References[]

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  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au "Hypericum". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
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