List of Perissodactyla taxa

Perissodactyla is an order of placental mammals. Members of this order are called perissodactyls, or colloquially odd-toed ungulates. Perissodactyla currently comprises 17 extant species, which are grouped into 7 genera.

Classification[]

Family Equidae (asses, horses, and zebras): 1 genus, 7 species
Family Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses): 4 genera, 5 species
Family Tapiridae (tapirs): 2 genera, 5 species

Perissodactyls[]

A list of members of this order follows.

† indicates extinct taxa.

Order Perissodactyla
- Family Equidae
  - Genus †Haringtonhippus^[1]
  - Genus †Epihippus
  - Genus †Haplohippus
  - Genus †
  - Genus †Eohippus
  - Genus †
  - Genus †Orohippus
  - Genus †Pliolophus
  - Genus †Protorohippus
  - Genus †Sifrhippus
  - Genus †
  - Genus †Eurohippus
  - Genus †Propalaeotherium
  - Subfamily †Anchitheriinae
    - Genus †Anchitherium
    - Genus †Archaeohippus
    - Genus †Desmatippus
    - Genus †Hypohippus
    - Genus †Kalobatippus
    - Genus †Megahippus
    - Genus †Mesohippus
    - Genus †Miohippus
    - Genus †Parahippus
    - Genus †Sinohippus
  - Subfamily Equinae
    - Genus †Merychippus
    - Genus †Scaphohippus
    - Genus †Acritohippus
    - Tribe †Hipparionini
      - Genus †Eurygnathohippus
      - Genus †Hipparion
      - Genus †Hippotherium
      - Genus †Nannippus
      - Genus †Neohipparion
      - Genus †Proboscidipparion
      - Genus †Pseudhipparion
    - Tribe Equini
      - Subtribe Protohippina
        Genus †Calippus
        
        Genus †Protohippus
      - Genus †Astrohippus
      - Genus †Dinohippus
      - Genus Equus (22 species, 7 extant)
        Equus ferus Wild horse
        Equus ferus caballus Domestic horse
        
        †Equus ferus ferus Tarpan
        
        Equus ferus przewalskii Przewalski's horse
        
        †^[2]
        
        †Equus alaskae
        
        †Equus lambei Yukon wild horse
        
        †Equus niobrarensis
        
        †Equus scotti
        
        †Equus conversidens Mexican horse
        
        †Equus semiplicatus
      - Subgenus †Amerhippus (this subgenus and its species are possibly synonymous with E. ferus)^[3]
        †Equus andium
        
        †Equus neogeus
        
        †
      - Subgenus Asinus
        Equus africanus African wild ass
        Equus africanus africanus Nubian wild ass
        
        Equus africanus asinus Domestic donkey
        
        †Equus africanus atlanticus Atlas wild ass
        
        Equus africanus somalicus Somali wild ass
        
        Equus hemionus Onager or Asiatic wild ass
        Equus hemionus hemionus Mongolian wild ass
        
        †Equus hemionus hemippus Syrian wild ass
        
        Equus hemionus khur Indian wild ass
        
        Equus hemionus kulan Turkmenian kulan
        
        Equus hemionus onager Persian onager
        
        Equus kiang Kiang
        Equus kiang chu Northern kiang
        
        Equus kiang kiang Western kiang
        
        Equus kiang holdereri Eastern kiang
        
        Equus kiang polyodon Southern kiang
        
        †Equus hydruntinus European ass
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
      - Subgenus Hippotigris^[a]
        Equus grevyi Grévy's zebra
        
        †
        
        †
        
        Equus quagga Plains zebra
        Equus quagga boehmi Grant's zebra
        
        Equus quagga borensis Maneless zebra
        
        Equus quagga burchellii Burchell's zebra
        
        Equus quagga chapmani Chapman's zebra
        
        Equus quagga crawshayi Crawshay's zebra
        
        †Equus quagga quagga Quagga
        
        Equus quagga selousi Selous' zebra
        
        Equus zebra Mountain zebra
        Equus zebra hartmannae Hartmann's mountain zebra
        
        Equus zebra zebra Cape mountain zebra
        
        †Equus capensis
        
        †Equus mauritanicus
      - Subgenus †
        † Mooser's horse
      - †Subgenus ^[6]
        †^[7]
      - incertae sedis
        †Equus simplicidens Hagerman horse
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        †Equus stenonis Stenon zebra
        †
        
        †
        
        † ()
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †Equus sivalensis
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †Equus namadicus
        
        †subgenus
        †Equus (A.) occidentalis western horse
    - †
      - †subgenus
        †
        
        †
        
        †
        
        †Equus fraternus^[8]
        
        †
        
        †Equus giganteus
        
        †
        
        †
      - Genus †Hippidion
      - Genus †Onohippidium
      - Genus †Pliohippus
      - Genus †
      - Genus †

Notes[]

^ Although the plains and mountain zebras have been placed in Hippotigris and Grévy's zebra in Dolichohippus, Vilstrup et al. (2013) finds that the plains zebra and Grévy's zebra are more closely related.^[4] Groves and Bell (2004) place all three species in the subgenus Hippotigris.^[5]

References[]

^ Hay, Oliver P. (1915), "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America" (PDF), Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48 (2086): 535–549, doi:10.5479/si.00963801.48-2086.515
^ Aouraghe, Hassan; et al. (1999). "Les équidés du Pléstocène supérior de la grotte Zouhrah à El Harhoura, Maroc". Quaternaire (in French). 10: 283–292. doi:10.3406/quate.1999.1649.
^ Orlando, L.; et al. (2008). "Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (5): 533–538. Bibcode:2008JMolE..66..533O. doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x. PMID 18398561. S2CID 19069554.
^ Vilstrup, Julia T.; et al. (2013). "Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Modern and Ancient Equids". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e55950. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855950V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055950. PMC 3577844. PMID 23437078.
^ Groves, C. P.; Bell, C. H. (2004). "New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris". . 69 (3): 182–196. doi:10.1078/1616-5047-00133.
^ Eisenmann, Vera (March 2010). "Sussemionus, a new subgenus of Equus (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 333 (3): 235–240. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.013. PMID 20338542.
^ Eisenmann, Vera; Vasilijiev, Sergej (September 2011). "Unexpected finding of a new Equus species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia)". Geodiversitas. 33 (3): 519–530. doi:10.5252/g2011n3a5. S2CID 128625427.
^ "Fossilworks: Equus fraternus". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 2016-04-23.

[6] Although the plains and mountain zebras have been placed in Hippotigris and Grévy's zebra in Dolichohippus, Vilstrup et al. (2013) finds that the plains zebra and Grévy's zebra are more closely related.^[4] Groves and Bell (2004) place all three species in the subgenus Hippotigris.^[5]

[1] Hay, Oliver P. (1915), "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America" (PDF), Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48 (2086): 535–549, doi:10.5479/si.00963801.48-2086.515

[2] Aouraghe, Hassan; et al. (1999). "Les équidés du Pléstocène supérior de la grotte Zouhrah à El Harhoura, Maroc". Quaternaire (in French). 10: 283–292. doi:10.3406/quate.1999.1649.

[AncientDNA-3] Orlando, L.; et al. (2008). "Ancient DNA Clarifies the Evolutionary History of American Late Pleistocene Equids". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 66 (5): 533–538. Bibcode:2008JMolE..66..533O. doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9100-x. PMID 18398561. S2CID 19069554.

[Vilstrup-4] Vilstrup, Julia T.; et al. (2013). "Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Modern and Ancient Equids". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e55950. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...855950V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055950. PMC 3577844. PMID 23437078.

[GrovesBell2004-5] Groves, C. P.; Bell, C. H. (2004). "New investigations on the taxonomy of the zebras genus Equus, subgenus Hippotigris". . 69 (3): 182–196. doi:10.1078/1616-5047-00133.

[7] Eisenmann, Vera (March 2010). "Sussemionus, a new subgenus of Equus (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 333 (3): 235–240. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.013. PMID 20338542.

[8] Eisenmann, Vera; Vasilijiev, Sergej (September 2011). "Unexpected finding of a new Equus species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (Southwestern Siberia)". Geodiversitas. 33 (3): 519–530. doi:10.5252/g2011n3a5. S2CID 128625427.

[9] "Fossilworks: Equus fraternus". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 2016-04-23.

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