List of Philippine National Railways rolling stock

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Philippine National Railways and its predecessors have operated several types of locomotives, carriages and multiple units as part of its fleet. As of 2019, the rolling stock used are primarily powered by diesel. The DOST Hybrid Electric Train may also function as a battery electric multiple unit although it is started by a diesel engine. All present rolling stock are in 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in). PNR also has rail mounted cranes as supporting equipment with varying capacities from 0.5 to 30 metric tons.

In late 2019, all trains in service except the 203 series-derived coaches underwent refurbishment and livery changes. The multiple units were given an orange and white color scheme and its windows were changed from having steel grills to polycarbonate windows that can resist stoning from illegal settlers while the locomotives have been painted orange.[1]

Active[]

Locomotives: Railroad cars: Multiple units:

The following rolling stock are active with the PNR as of June 2021, a few months after the 9000 class locomotives and 8300 class railcars entered service.

Locomotives[]

Class Image Type Top speed Active units Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
900 PNR DEL 917 with 203 series.png DEL 64 103 9 1973–91 GE 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Originally a class of 21 units, 4 are active, 3 are being repaired, 6 were stored in Caloocan, and 8 were scrapped.[2]
DEL 902, 917, 921 and 922 were repainted with the INKA livery.
2500 PNR DEL 2540.png DEL 64 103 2 1979 Originally a class of 43 units built between 1965 and 1979. All but 2535, 2538 and 2540 have been scrapped.[2]
DEL 2540 was repainted with the INKA livery.
5000 PNR DEL 5009 at Abad Santos Crossing.png DEL 64 103 3 1992 Acquired in 1992 to haul dead-motor CMC's, now used as yard switchers or pulling the Bicol Commuter service.[3]
DEL 5007 was repainted with the INKA livery. Only 5009 is active in the Bicol Region with 5007 (awaiting repair) as of July 2021 and other units were in Caloocan Depot.
9000 INKA PNR Locomotive 02.jpg DHL 75 120 3 2020 PT INKA Philippine export variant of the INKA CC300.

Coaches[]

Class Image Type Top speed Active units Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
203 series cars 01332jfVito Cruz railway station San Antonio Makati Cityfvf 04.jpg HEP 60 100 20 1984, 1986 Kawasaki
Nippon Sharyo
Kinki Sharyo[4] 		1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Former JR East rolling stock acquired in 2011. Converted to locomotive-hauled coaches from electric multiple units due to a lack of electrification in the PNR system. Currently undergoing renovation with new air conditioning systems and windows from PT INKA.[3]
Originally 29 units, 9 have been retired from service including the entire set EMU 03, with 6 being stored in Pasay Road station as of December 2020.[5]
PNREMU07 at FTI.jpg C
8300 INKA-8303 coach Makati 2021-01-17.jpg C 75 120 15 2019–20 PT INKA PNR's first new order of loco-hauled trainsets since the arrival of the last 7A-100 class in 1978. Classified by trainset grouping instead of individual cars: 8301, 8302 and 8303.

Multiple units[]

Class Image Type Top speed Active units Cars per set Built Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
KiHa 350 PNR KiHa350 White.jpg DMU 59[6] 95[6] 4 2–4 1967–68 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Former Kantō Railway rolling stock acquired in 2011. One set is used in Naga for the Bicol Commuter service.[3]
KiHa 59 PNR Kogane at España.jpg DMU 70 110 3 3 1967–68 Former JR East rolling stock acquired in 2012. Refurbished as KiHa 59 in JR service in 1989 and with PNR. This particular is known as the train.
Hyundai Rotem PNR Hyundai Rotem DMU 2019 livery.jpg DMU 50 80 9 3 2009 The first new order of the PNR since the 1970s. Originally 18 units until half of these were written off due to involvement in accidents. Some of the units are currently undergoing refurbishment, with the finished ones already sporting PT-INKA inspired livery.
HET DOST Hybrid Electric Train at the PNR Alabang Station.jpg Hybrid DMU/BEMU 50 80 5 5 2018 The ones in active service are prototypes. The Department of Science and Technology is negotiating with local manufacturers to mass-produce the trainsets before June 2022.[7]
8000 Tutuban PNR station (v2) 8000 class 2019-12-21.jpg DMU 60 100 6 3 2018–19 These units are derived from the Indonesian K3 coaches, which also includes the 8300 class of locomotive-hauled railcars. The two classes may be distinguished by their 3-car (8000 class) and 4-car (8100 class) formation.
8100 INKA-8101 near FTI Station.jpg 16 4 2019–20

Future[]

Locomotives:

Railroad cars:

Multiple units:

Locomotives[]

Class Image Type Top speed Units Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
HXN DEL 75 120 4 TBD CRRC 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Based on the FXN3C Fuxing locomotive, which in turn is based on the China Railway HXN3. To be used on the PNR South Long Haul's freight services.[8]

Multiple units[]

Class Image Type Top speed Units Cars per set Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
HET DOST Hybrid Electric Train at the PNR Alabang Station.jpg DMU/BEMU 50 80 TBD 5 2022 TBD 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Awaiting contractors for mass production.[7]
NSCR Commuter train PNR Sustina Commuter Scale Model.png EMU 75 120 104 8 c. 2021 J-TREC 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Conjectural name. It will become the first electric multiple unit in the country to be used outside of rapid transit.[9]
South Long Haul DMU PNR CRRC Zhuzhou DMU Scale Model.jpg DMU 100 160 64 8 c. 2022–23 TBD 64 units of diesel-powered trains are being allotted for the South Long Haul project, to be arranged into 8 trainsets with 8 cars each. This was announced after the order for 9 three-car DMUs from Chinese manufacturer CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive was cancelled in 2021.
Its allocation between the new Bicol Express, the Quezon–Bicol Regional Express, and Bicol Commuter services is yet to be determined.[10]
NSCR Airport Express train EMU 100 160 56 8 c. 2023 TBD Conjectural name. The Philippine government is looking for willing manufacturers to supply the airport express train with a maximum speed of 160 kilometers per hour (99 mph).[11] As of February 2021, the preliminary design is based on the likes of E259 and E353 series although this is still subject to change.[12]

Retired (pre-PNR era)[]

As one of the oldest rail operators in Asia, the Philippine National Railways and its predecessors the Manila Railway and Manila Railroad companies had a diverse collection of steam and diesel locomotives, passenger railcars, and gasoline and diesel multiple units. All but three tank locomotives from the Manila Railway were scrapped.

Locomotives: Railroad cars: Multiple units:

MRC locomotives[]

The following were the steam locomotives that ran under the Manila Railway Company (MRC).

Class Image Type Top speed Units Built Whyte arrangement Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
Manila Hunslet Malecon.png ST 20 33 1885–86 5 0-4-0T Hunslet 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) The first steam locomotives in the country, it was used for the steam-powered Manila Tranvias and later on mainline services on the Manila–Dagupan line.[13] Manila was transferred to Bamban Sugar Central until it was scrapped c. 1991.
Dagupan Manila Dagupan Railway Borrecon.jpg ST 20 33 1888–90 30 0-6-2T NeilsonDübs The last four units[14] were divided into the A and B subclasses in the 1940s.[15] The only survivor of the class is No. 17 Urdaneta, now on display in an open-air museum in Dagupan.[16]
Tutubanrailwaystationjf1188 06.JPG ST 20 33 1905 2 0-6-0T Kerr Stuart Also known as V class.[15] No. 777 Cabanatuan survives and on display in Tutuban.[16] Meanwhile, No. 778 Batangas was scrapped after 1952.[17]
Manila Dagupan Railway NBL 71.jpg ST 30 48 1906 25 0-6-2T NBL Only 6 units survived by 1952, all of which were scrapped.[17] No. 79 survived with PASUDECO as 0-6-2TT until 1989,[18] and was reported to have survived until 2006.[16]
100 Manila Railway 101.jpg STE 30 48 1906 5 4-4-2 NBL The first tender locomotive in Philippine service. Shelved in 1929 and scrapped before 1952.[19][15]
Tutubanrailwaystationjf1188 08.JPG ST 30 48 1907 12 0-6-0ST Kerr Stuart Also referred as the V class.[15] No. 1007 Cavite was rebuilt as Dagupan, and is the only survivor of this class. It is currently on display in front of Tutuban station although it was decommissioned before 1952.[16] Two more units that were still in service by 1952 were scrapped afterwards.[17]
120 Manila Railway Locomotive 121.png ST 30 48 1909–10 6 4-6-2T NBL No. 125 was the only surviving member by 1952 and was scrapped afterwards.[17]
110 STE 40 64 1912 4 4-6-0 ALCO Rogers The two classes were the first high-pressure steam locomotives in Philippine service.[20] The 110s were used for passenger trains while the 130s for freight.[21] None of the units were active by 1952.[17]
130 MRR 135 in Lucena 1945.png STE 40 64 1912 4 2-8-0
160 MRR Kitson Meyer.png ST 10 16 1913-14 4 2-6-0+0-6-2T Kitson These tank engines were the first class of Meyer locomotives in Asia and the only examples in the Far East. All four were retired in 1925.[22]
300 image ST 20 32 1914 6 0-8-0T SLM
Esslingen 		Also known as R class,[15] it was the only cog locomotive class in Philippine service. All units were either destroyed during World War II or in the case of No. 306 Mirador, scrapped immediately after the war in 1945.[23]
126 ST 30 48 1914 2 4-6-4T NBL Originally ordered with 7 160 class locomotives.[24] Decommissioned and scrapped before 1952.[21]

MRC passenger coaches[]

Does not include freight stock since there is little documentation about their classification and numbers.

Class Image Type Top speed Units Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
Primera Clase Aguinaldo Train 1898.png C 20 32 104 c. 1888–92 Unknown 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) A set of 26 four-car First Class coaches, numbered A1 to Z4. The last one was most popular for carrying then-President Emilio Aguinaldo and his cabinet ministers.
Tercera Clase "Tercera" Third-Class Coaches 1904.png C 32 50 60 c. 1904 Metropolitan Replaced third-class boxcars of the Manila Railway.
ABB Manila Railway Metro-Cammell Cars.png 1913–14 First-class cars that were also built by Metro-Cammell. A notable example was the executive car ABB-1 built in 1913. This particular coach was used by the President of the Philippines until 1961 when it was replaced by the PC-777. It was then preserved in Caloocan and was last seen in 1984.[3]
ABS c. late 1910s Class of at least 9 first- and third-class cars that were also built by Metro-Cammell prior to 1922. Two units were converted into restaurant cars in 1938.[25]


MRR locomotives[]

According to a 1952 publication, the Second World War destroyed 120 locomotives belonging to the Manila Railroad (MRR), more than 75% of its fleet.[14]

Class Image Type Top speed Units Built Whyte/AAR arrangement Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
45 MRR Porter 65 Caloocan.jpg STE 53 85 1919–21 20 4-6-0 Porter 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) MRR rebuilt the 21st locomotive using parts from the existing fleet. Eight units survived by 1952,[14] and the last unit (No. 62) was scrapped c. 1990.[26]
170 Manila Railroad 179 refueling.png STE 53 85 1921 10 4-8-2 ALCO Three units survived World War II (Nos. 171, 176 and 180)[14] and were scrapped c. 1957.[27]
200 Manila Railroad 200 class in Tutuban 1930s.png STE 53 85 1921 10 2-10-2 Manila Railroad's most powerful units.[28] Four units have survived by 1952 and were scrapped later on.[14]
140 Manila Railroad 148.png STE 53 85 1926–29 10 4-6-2 Baldwin Two units survived after World War II, Nos. 148 and 149. No. 148 was decommissioned and scrapped before 1952 while No. 149 was still in service by 1952 and scrapped afterwards.[14]
250 MRR Baldwin Mikado.png STE 53 85 1928–29 10 2-8-2 Baldwin Designed on the same platform as the 140 class with interchangeable parts, similar to the interchangeability between the 170 and 200 classes.[19] Nos. 253 and 256 survived World War II but were decommissioned in 1949 and scrapped later on.[29]
850 MRR Vulcan 889 in the 1940s.png STE 53 85 1944 45 2-8-2 Vulcan
ALCO 		Also known as USA class and were built for the United States Army. Three units were named: No. 865 Huckleberry Finn, No. 866 Tom Sawyer, and No. 867 Hanibella. The locomotives also featured the first usage of the Janney coupler compared to the buffers and chain coupler used on older locomotives. Decommissioned c. 1956 then scrapped later on.[27]
8500 DEL 53 85 1944 8 Bo-Bo GE MRR's first diesel-powered and GE-built locomotives. Units 8584–89 were sold to Japan in 1946 and unit 8589 were returned to the Philippines in 1966. Nos. 8790 and 8791 continued in Philippine service until it served Panay Railways until their scrapping by around 1990.[2]
630 STE 53 85 1948 2 2-8-2 WAA
MRR Caloocan 		Ordered from the U.S. War Assets Administration and were assembled locally by the Manila Railroad in its facility in Caloocan.[30] Decommissioned c. 1956 then scrapped later on.[27]
100 STE 53 85 1949 7 4-8-2 Vulcan Decommissioned c. 1956 then scrapped later on.[27]
300 STE 53 85 1951 10 2-8-2 Nippon Sharyo
4000 DEL 64 103 1955 10 Bo-Bo GE Four units were transferred to Panay Railways. Now scrapped.[2]
1000 MRR 1000 class locomotive.png DEL 64 103 1956 10 C–C Nicknamed the Streamliner units. Scrapped.[2]
2000 Bicol Express postage stamp.png DEL 64 103 1956 20 C–C Nicknamed the Shovelnose units and featured an early example of the cowl unit. Last unit decommissioned in January 1999 and then scrapped in 2000.[31]
3000 MRR DEL 3003 in 1957.png DEL 43 70 1955 10 Bo–Bo Renumbered as 4000 class.
3500 MRR DEL 3502.png DHL 43 70[32] 1963 4 Bo–Bo Nippon Sharyo Transferred to Panay Railways in the 1980s with the last two units scrapped in 2017.[2]

MRR railcars[]

Some of the most notable among the Manila Railroad's railcar fleet are the 7 series of railcars. They followed the numbering scheme of pre-war wooden baggage cars such as the 4B, 5B, and 4M classes. However, the numbering scheme applies to the entire fleet which includes the passenger cars.[17]

Conjectural names are in italics.

Class Image Type Top speed Units Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
Baguio Night Express sleeper C 40 64 1 1922 Unknown (Imported) 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) A first-class sleeping car built for the Baguio Night Special.[33]
Combination coach MRR Combination Coach 1924.png C 48 75 1 1924 MRR Caloocan One so-called Combination coach for first and third class accommodations and baggage room was constructed under the new "Passenger Baggage Coach" classification.[34]
6 1926 American Car Built in 1926 alongside the order for two types of coaches.[35]
AB MRR 1929 Coaches.png C 48 75 6 1926 Twelve coaches were ordered on October 23, 1926. Six were 65 ft (780 in) six-axle coaches while another six were 49 ft (590 in) four-axle coaches.[36] According to various local railfan groups, one AB unit survives as a dormitory car in Tutuban as of 2020.[3][37]
VCB 6
ACF sleeper C 40 64 1 1929 Another first-class sleeping car similar to the one used in the Baguio Night Express.[38]
MCTC C 48 75 100 1929–41 MRR Caloocan Acronym for Motor Car Trailing Coaches. Built as trailer cars for the Rail Motor Car (RMC) class gasoline-powered multiple units.[19][17]
1930s coaches MRR Recreation Car 1933.png C 48 75 At least 5 c. 1929–37 Unknown The Manila Railroad reported a net increase of 5 passenger cars between 1929 and 1937.[39]
7A C 48 75 6 1948, 1952 Unknown Class of at least 2 airconditioned first-class coaches, and were ordered from unknown Japanese suppliers. An additional four were ordered by recommendation of American consultants.[17]
7C (I) C 59 95 22 1948–50 Pullman Built as part of war reparations on the Manila Railroad. These were built with an all-steel body compared to the pre-war rolling stock that were made of wood.[40] Last units decommissioned and scrapped.[3]
7B B 59 95 10 1950 The first class of all-steel baggage cars by 1952.[17] All units were presumed to have been scrapped.
7BM 7B Baggage Car Parked in Tutuban.png B 59 95 4+ 1952–55 Kinki Sharyo Acronym for Baggage and Mail car. 7BM-40 (different unit from the WaKi sets), the last unit found in Tutuban, was scrapped in the late 2000s.[3]
7C (II) C 59 95 26 1956 Kinki Sharyo
Niigata Engineering
Astra Arad[41] 		Originally an order of 23 cars, it was increased to 26 by 1952.[17] According to local railfans, there has been no Japanese 7C's in service until 1956 and a news headline featuring a "Japanese" 7C was a Pullman coach.[42]
7C (III) PNR 7C Coaches stored at caloocan workshops.png C 70 110 4+ 1958–61[43][44] Hitachi
Niigata
Naniwa/Alna Koki 		One unit still awaits repairs while 2-4 more Units Stored in Caloocan as of 2020.[3] Four or five were converted to baggage (B) or baggage-power (BP) coaches.
7S S 59 95 1958–1960s Kinki Sharyo
Astra Arad 		Decommissioned in the 1980s[citation needed]
7K MRR 7K Coach 1960.png C 70 110 5[45] 1960,1978 Hitachi A class of 5 restaurant cars for both first- and third-class accommodations. The most notable car is PC-777, most popularly known as Ferdinand Marcos' presidential railcar, in which after its decommissioning in 1986 was renumbered PC-286.[3]

MRR multiple units[]

Class Image Type Top speed Units Cars per train Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
RMC Manila Railroad MC railmotor in Legazpi.png RM, DMU 40 64 200+ 2–5 1929–41 MRR Caloocan 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Produced domestically, it was the first multiple unit trainset in Philippine service, as well as the first to adopt the use of Janney couplers. They were originally powered by gasoline, until the fuel was switched to diesel after an accident in 1940.[19] Some units were rebuilt starting in 1948 and with an unknown decommissioning and scrap date.[29]
JMC JMC Class 1950s in color.png DMU 59 95 20[46] 5 1955 Mitsubishi
Tokyu Car 		It was subdivided into JMC-300 motor cars and JTC-100 trailer cars.
Two cars were named and rehabilitated in 1973, JMC-300 Grace (later MC-4156) for the Maria Clara Rail Tours service,[47] and JMC-319 Luster (later the streamliner MC-6366 Nikkō) for the Peñafrancia Express service.[48]
JMC-319 now survives as Inspector Car IC-888 awaiting repairs in Caloocan.[3]

Retired (PNR era)[]

Ex-PNR locomotives[]

Class Image Type Top speed Units Built AAR arrangement Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
1500 PNR DEL 1502 advertised in 1967.jpg DEL 56 90 1966–67 10 Bo-Bo-Bo Alsthom 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Based on the Myanmar Railways' DF1200 class of 1958. Retired in 1976 after being involved in a runaway train incident. The last unit was being scrapped in Caloocan while appearing on the 1988 film Gawa Na ang Balang Papatay sa 'Yo".[2]

Ex-PNR coaches[]

Class Image Type Top speed Units Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
7BP B 70 110 1968–69 Hitachi 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Ordered in 1968.[49] Stripped of motive power by 2004. 7bp-7, the last one of its kind, could be found inside Caloocan Workshops as of 2021.[3]
14 PNR Bicol Express 14-series coaches at Tutuban Yard.jpg S 70 110 10 1966–79 Nippon Sharyo
Fuji Heavy Industries
Niigata 		Acquired from JR East in 2011, it had a brief service with the Bicol Express. It was then stored until it was briefly used in 2020.[50][3] It is now stored in Calamba station in Laguna.[51][52]
7A-2000 PNR Tayuman 2009 MC.jpg C 70 110 30 1970–77 JNR
Fuji Heavy Industries 		Class of ex-12 and single-deck 14-series built by and for the Japanese National Railways and was handed over to PNR from 1999 to 2001. One car was converted to CAR class and at least three more survive as of 2019.[3][1]
NR Old PNR Train.JPG C 70 110 12 c. 1970s Acquired 2004 initially for the planned revitalization of the North Main Line services but then transferred to Bicol Express. Three converted to CAR class, the rest stored as dormitory cars or donated to charity.[3]
CAR C 70 110 5 c. 1970s Reclassified from old 7A-2000 and NR-class. Car-2, Car-3, and Car-5, together with 7A-2025 wearing the same livery was currently stored in Calamba while the others were in Caloocan Workshops.[3]
7A-100 C 70 110 32 1956–78 Kawasaki
Nippon Sharyo
Teikoku Sharyo
Tokyu Car
Astra Arad[41] 		Replacement of the original 7A series cars. Most of cars has air-conditioner, and named "DE LUXE. Some surviving units were demoted to 7C in 2004 and were eventually scrapped.[3]
7B-40 B 1965–68 Kawasaki
Kisha Seizo
Hitachi 		Ex-JNR→JR East WaKi 10000.
Baggage car that looks like freight wagon.
Car number 7B-40/41
CTC-100 C 59 95 30+ 1974 Tokyu Car Trailer cars for the Commuter Motor Coach (CMC) class diesel multiple units. Only CTC-174 remains as of 2019.[3]
TA C 70 110 12 1973 Kinki Sharyo[53] Intermediate cars of the MCBP trainsets. TA-5, the last surviving member of the class, could be found inside the Caloocan Workshops together with IC-888.[3]
7E B, C 87 140 30 (C only) 1975–79 ICF Export version of the ICF coaches and was known as the Madras coach. Decommissioned c. early 2000s, Last 2 units scrapped in the late-2000s.[3]
7SE 2

Multiple units[]

Class Image Type Top speed Units Cars per train Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
MCBP DMU 59 95 16 8 1973 Tokyu Car 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Inter-city rail variant of the MC class commuter multiple unit of 1968. The MCBP class comprises 4 MCBP motor cars and 12 first-generation TA trailer cars.[54] MCBP-4, the last of its kind and was used in the inspection train set, was scrapped between 2004 and 2016.[3]

Non-revenue equipment[]

Class Image Type Top speed Units Built Manufacturer Gauge Remarks
mph km/h
LC350T PNR SVI Shunter.png DEL 32 50 2 2020 SVI SpA 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) First new order of switchers/shunters since 1992 and of European locomotives since 1976.[55][56]
KiHa 52 DMU 60 100 7 1962–66 Niigata Former JR East rolling stock acquired in 2010. Designated by PNR as KiHa 52-100. Three units initially entered trial service to be supported by 2500-class switchers. All of these are used for the Bicol Commuter service with a navy blue and orange livery adopted c. 2015.[3] All units but KiHa 52-122 has been inactive since 2020, due to that specific unit being rehabilitated. And as being tasked as a rescue train, it has not been out of the workshop yet. But is being active/used by shunting locomotives there.[citation needed]
MC-300 DMU 59 95 1 1968 Tokyu Car The first commuter-purpose DMUs under PNR service and basis for the CMC series. Only 1 unit is in non-revenue service with the PNR as of 2016.[3]
CMC-200 PNR CMC 201 Rerailment Crew car.png DMU 59 95 2 1974–76 Tokyu Car
Niigata
Fuji Heavy
Kinki Sharyo 		CMC-201 is still in service with the rail maintenance crew.[3] The two CMC-200s were built solely by Tokyu Car, and were also combined with the CTC-100 trailer cars.
CMC-300 2 Originally a class of 22 DMU railcars in its initial operations and was used with the CTC-100 trailer cars and CMC-200 cab cars. Departmental vehicles CMC-382 and 366 are the last remaining units as of 2021.[3]

References[]

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  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Peadon, Brad. "April 2020". Philippine National Railways Rolling Stock Update. Philippine Railways Historical Society. 3.
  4. ^ "201系・203系電車のプロフィール". 鉄道ピクトリアル (in Japanese). 電気車研究会 (774): 10–33. April 2006.
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  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Hybrid electric train, itinurn-over na sa PNR [Hybrid electric train, to be turned over to the PNR] (Television production) (in Filipino). People's Television Network. June 20, 2019.
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  22. ^ Wiener, 1930, as cited by Llanso, Steve. "Manila Railroad Kitson-Meyer Locomotives in Philippines". Sweat House Media. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
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