List of UNESCO Global Geoparks in Europe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Europe [a] is the cradle of the geoparks movement.[1] The European Geoparks Network is a founding member of the Global Geoparks Network and it functions as a regional geopark network of it. As of 2020, there are 75 UNESCO Global Geoparks in 26 European countries and there are several territories in an aspiring or planned phase, or in a national geopark status.[2] Further elements of the geodiversity of the continent is represented on the World Heritage list, under criterion VIII or VII.

UNESCO Global Geoparks[]

UNESCO Global Geopark Image Location Area
(km2)
 Year References
Haute-Provence Dalle à ammonites2.JPG Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
 France
44°06′31″N 6°17′13″E / 44.108611°N 6.286944°E / 44.108611; 6.286944 (Haute-Provence UNESCO Global Geopark) 		2300 2000 [3][4]
Vulkaneifel Laacher See - Luftaufnahme.jpg Rhineland-Palatinate
 Germany
50°12′24″N 6°50′10″E / 50.206667°N 6.836111°E / 50.206667; 6.836111 (Vulkaneifel UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1220 2000 [5][6]
Lesvos Island LesbosPetrified trunks23-24.jpg North Aegean
 Greece
39°12′42″N 25°51′18″E / 39.211667°N 25.855000°E / 39.211667; 25.855000 (Lesvos Island UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1636 2000 [7][8]
Psiloritis Psiloritis, east ridge.jpg Crete
 Greece
35°17′32″N 24°52′53″E / 35.292222°N 24.881389°E / 35.292222; 24.881389 (Psiloritis UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1159 2001 [9][10]
TERRA.vita PortaWestfalica2.jpg Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphaila
 Germany
52°16′00″N 8°03′00″E / 52.266667°N 8.050000°E / 52.266667; 8.050000 (TERRA.Vita UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1560 2001 [11][12]
Copper Coast Copper Coast Geopark.JPG Munster
 Ireland
52°08′19″N 7°20′32″W / 52.138611°N 7.342222°W / 52.138611; -7.342222 (Copper Coast UNESCO Global Geopark) 		50 2001 [13][14]
Marble Arch Caves Drummoney Falls - geograph.org.uk - 423288.jpg Ulster
 Ireland,  United Kingdom
54°15′31″N 7°30′53″W / 54.258611°N 7.514722°W / 54.258611; -7.514722 (Marble Arch Caves UNESCO Global Geopark) 		180 2001 [15][16]
Madonie Madonie montagna.jpg Sicily
 Italy
37°52′00″N 14°04′44″E / 37.866667°N 14.078889°E / 37.866667; 14.078889 (Madonie UNESCO Global Geopark) 		400 2004 [17][18]
Rocca di Cerere Rocca di cerere2.JPG Sicily
 Italy
37°30′53″N 14°22′41″E / 37.514722°N 14.378056°E / 37.514722; 14.378056 (Rocca di Cerere UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1298 2008 [19][20]
Steirische Eisenwurzen Admont Weng Lauferbauerbrücke.JPG Styria
 Austria
47°04′12″N 15°29′27″E / 47.070000°N 15.490833°E / 47.070000; 15.490833 (Steirische Eisenwurzen UNESCO Global Geopark) 		586 2004 [21][22]
Bergstrasse-Odenwald Palaeoperca proxima.jpg Hesse, Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg
 Germany
49°32′11″N 8°34′07″E / 49.536389°N 8.568611°E / 49.536389; 8.568611 (Bergstrasse-Odenwald UNESCO Global Geopark) 		3500 2004 [23][24]
North Pennines Hadrianswall2007.jpg North East England
 United Kingdom
54°47′17″N 2°25′01″W / 54.788056°N 2.416944°W / 54.788056; -2.416944 (North Pennines UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1938 2004 [25][26]
Luberon 120613-Roussillon-05.jpg Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
 France
43°52′31″N 5°26′08″E / 43.875278°N 5.435556°E / 43.875278; 5.435556 (Luberon UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1953 2004 [27][28]
North-West Highlands Caisteal Liath, Suilven.jpg Scottish Highlands
 United Kingdom
58°08′09″N 5°15′05″W / 58.135833°N 5.251389°W / 58.135833; -5.251389 (North-West Highlands UNESCO Global Geopark) 		2100 2004 [29][30]
Swabian Albs Blautopfhoehle otriven.jpg Baden-Württemberg
 Germany
48°31′00″N 9°24′15″E / 48.516667°N 9.404167°E / 48.516667; 9.404167 (Swabian Alps UNESCO Global Geopark) 		6688 2004 [31][32]
Harz - Braunschweiger Land - Ostfalen Brocken Granit.JPG Lower Saxony, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt
 Germany
52°16′05″N 10°49′57″E / 52.268056°N 10.832500°E / 52.268056; 10.832500 (Percé UNESCO Global Geopark) 		11500 2004 [33][34]
Hateg Country Dinosaurs Hunedoara
 Romania
45°36′27″N 23°22′44″E / 45.607500°N 23.378889°E / 45.607500; 23.378889 (Hateg Country Dinosaurs UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1024 2005 [35][36]
Beigua Cima Fontanaccia da nord a sin genova.png Liguria
 Italy
44°25′40″N 8°35′12″E / 44.427778°N 8.586667°E / 44.427778; 8.586667 (Beigua UNESCO Global Geopark) 		392 2005 [37][38]
Fforest Fawr Llyn y Fan Fach (1323880314).jpg Wales
 United Kingdom
51°55′51″N 3°24′21″W / 51.930833°N 3.405833°W / 51.930833; -3.405833 (Fforest Fawr UNESCO Global Geopark) 		763 2005 [39][40]
Bohemian Paradise Ceskyraj hrubaskala.JPG Central Bohemia, Hrádec Králove
 Czechia
50°35′50″N 15°07′02″E / 50.597222°N 15.117222°E / 50.597222; 15.117222 (Bohemian Paradise UNESCO Global Geopark) 		742 2005 [41][42]
Cabo de Gata – Níjar Playa-de-monsul.jpg Andalusia
 Spain
36°47′22″N 2°14′14″W / 36.789444°N 2.237222°W / 36.789444; -2.237222 (Cabo de Gata - Níjar UNESCO Global Geopark) 		500 2006 [43][44]
Naturtejo de Meseta Meridional VV Rodão Setembro 2010-7a.jpg Centro
 Portugal
39°48′16″N 7°29′34″W / 39.804444°N 7.492778°W / 39.804444; -7.492778 (Naturtejo UNESCO Global Geopark) 		4624.4 2006 [45][46]
Sierras Subbéticas Auge des Mauren01.jpg Andalusia
 Spain
37°14′52″N 4°18′24″W / 37.247778°N 4.306667°W / 37.247778; -4.306667 (Sierras Subbeticas UNESCO Global Geopark) 		320 2006 [47][48]
Sobrarbe-Pirineos Serra Ferrera.jpg Aragon
 Spain
42°22′07″N 0°10′13″E / 42.368611°N 0.170278°E / 42.368611; 0.170278 (Sobrarbe UNESCO Global Geopark) 		2202 2006 [49][50]
Gea Norvegica Larvikite quarry Larvik.jpg Telemark, Vestfold
 Norway
59°08′12″N 9°59′51″E / 59.136667°N 9.997500°E / 59.136667; 9.997500 (Gea Norvegica UNESCO Global Geopark) 		3000 2006 [51][52]
Papuk Papuk mt.jpg Požega-Slavonia
 Croatia
45°27′25″N 17°39′38″E / 45.457027°N 17.660691°E / 45.457027; 17.660691 (Papuk UNESCO Global Geopark) 		524 2007 [53][54]
English Riviera Torquay2.jpg Devon
 United Kingdom
50°27′22″N 3°33′15″W / 50.456111°N 3.554167°W / 50.456111; -3.554167 (English Riviera UNESCO Global Geopark) 		104 2007 [55][56]
Adamello-Brenta Tuckett-Hütte 009.jpg Trentino
 Italy
46°07′09″N 10°45′08″E / 46.119167°N 10.752222°E / 46.119167; 10.752222 (Adamello-Brenta UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1188 2008 [57][58]
GeoMôn A retracted anemone on an Old Red Sandstone block - geograph.org.uk - 756889.jpg Wales
 United Kingdom
53°16′08″N 4°20′03″W / 53.268889°N 4.334167°W / 53.268889; -4.334167 (GeoMôn UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1800 2009 [59][60]
Arouca Alminhas do Calvário.jpg Norte
 Portugal
40°55′56″N 8°14′42″W / 40.932222°N 8.245000°W / 40.932222; -8.245000 (Arouca UNESCO Global Geopark) 		327 2009 [61][62]
Shetland Wester Wick Inlet with Westerwick village in distance. - geograph.org.uk - 102532.jpg Scotland
 United Kingdom
60°33′36″N 1°05′55″W / 60.560000°N 1.098611°W / 60.560000; -1.098611 (Shetland UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1468 2009 [63][64]
Chelmos – Vouraikos Diakopto–Kalavryta, Οδοντωτός σιδηρόδρομος Διακοπτού – Καλαβρύτων - panoramio.jpg Achaea
 Greece
38°08′47″N 22°10′18″E / 38.146389°N 22.171667°E / 38.146389; 22.171667 (Chelmos – Vouraikos UNESCO Global Geopark) 		647 2009 [65][66]
Novohrad – Nograd Somoskő1.jpg Nógrád, Banská Bystrica
 Hungary,  Slovakia
48°09′58″N 19°48′55″E / 48.166111°N 19.815278°E / 48.166111; 19.815278 (Novohrad - Nógrád UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1587 2010 [67][68]
Magma Evening light (6088422262).jpg Vestlandet, Sørlandet
 Norway
58°26′50″N 6°03′08″E / 58.447222°N 6.052222°E / 58.447222; 6.052222 (Magma UNESCO Global Geopark) 		3000 2006 [69][70]
Basque Coast Deba eta Zumaia arteko marearteko zabalgunea eta Algorri hondartza, Gipuzkoa, Euskal Herria.jpg Basque Country
 Spain
43°17′45″N 2°21′16″W / 43.295833°N 2.354444°W / 43.295833; -2.354444 (Basque Coast UNESCO Global Geopark) 		89 2010 [71][72]
Cilento e Vallo di Diano Cilento-Coast.JPG Campania
 Italy
40°16′50″N 15°22′21″E / 40.280556°N 15.372500°E / 40.280556; 15.372500 (Cilento e Vallo di Diano UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1841 2010 [73][74]
Rokua Ärjä.jpg Oulu
 Finland
64°34′43″N 26°30′06″E / 64.578611°N 26.501667°E / 64.578611; 26.501667 (Rokua UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1326 2010 [75][76]
Tuscan Mining Park Colline Metallifere view from Campiglia Marittima 2012-08-27.jpg Tuscany
 Italy
42°57′17″N 10°50′32″E / 42.954722°N 10.842222°E / 42.954722; 10.842222 (Tuscan Mining Park UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1087 2010 [77][78]
Vikos – Aoos Mountains to the North.jpg Western Macedonia, Epirus
 Greece
40°01′02″N 20°42′43″E / 40.017222°N 20.711944°E / 40.017222; 20.711944 (Vikos-Aoos UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1200 2010 [79][80]
Muskau Arch Gablenz Kromlau Faltenbogen Pan.jpg Brandenburg, Saxony, Lubusz
 Germany,  Poland
51°34′13″N 14°43′35″E / 51.570278°N 14.726389°E / 51.570278; 14.726389 (Muskau Arch UNESCO Global Geopark) 		578.8 2011 [81][82]
Sierra Norte de Sevilla Sierra norte de sevilla-25 (14345722147).jpg Andalusia
 Spain
37°42′44″N 5°38′04″W / 37.712222°N 5.634444°W / 37.712222; -5.634444 (Sierra Norte de Sevilla UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1774.84 2011 [83][84]
Burren and Cliffs of Moher Cliffs-Of-Moher-OBriens-From-South.JPG Clare
 Ireland
52°59′47″N 9°23′21″W / 52.996389°N 9.389167°W / 52.996389; -9.389167 (Burren and Cliffs of Moher UNESCO Global Geopark) 		530 2011 [85][86]
Katla Eyjafjallajökull Aerial Panorama.jpg South Constituency
 Iceland
63°37′50″N 19°37′16″W / 63.630556°N 19.621111°W / 63.630556; -19.621111 (Katla UNESCO Global Geopark) 		9542 2011 [87][88]
Massif des Bauges MassifDesBauges 1024.jpg Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes
 France
45°41′15″N 6°06′21″E / 45.687500°N 6.105833°E / 45.687500; 6.105833 (Massif des Bauges UNESCO Global Geopark) 		856 2011 [89][90]
Apuan Alps Pizzo d'Uccello.JPG Tuscany
 Italy
44°02′28″N 10°22′03″E / 44.041111°N 10.367500°E / 44.041111; 10.367500 (Apuan Alps UNESCO Global Geopark) 		494 2011 [91][92]
Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Navezuelas desde la villuerca.JPG Extremadura
 Spain
39°27′07″N 5°19′39″W / 39.451944°N 5.327500°W / 39.451944; -5.327500 (Villuercas Ibores Jara UNESCO Global Geopark) 		2544.4 2011 [93][94]
Chablais Dents du midi2.jpg Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes
 France
46°20′53″N 6°35′26″E / 46.348095°N 6.590667°E / 46.348095; 6.590667 (Chablais UNESCO Global Geopark) 		872 2012 [95][96]
Central Catalunya Montserrat Mountains, Catalonia, Spain - Jan 2007.jpg Catalonia
 Spain
42°28′00″N 1°49′18″E / 42.466667°N 1.821667°E / 42.466667; 1.821667 (Central Catalunya UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1300 2012 [97][98]
Badacsony mountain from Balatonmáriafürdő, Hungary.jpg Veszprém
 Hungary
46°58′35″N 17°55′43″E / 46.976389°N 17.928611°E / 46.976389; 17.928611 (Bakony-Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark) 		3244 2012 [99][100]
Azores Açores (7776355426).jpg Azores
 Portugal
37°44′28″N 25°40′32″W / 37.741111°N 25.675556°W / 37.741111; -25.675556 (Azores UNESCO Global Geopark) 		12884 2013 [101][102]
Karavanke/Karawanken Karavanke1.jpg Styria, Upper Carniola
 Austria,  Slovenia
46°30′15″N 14°46′21″E / 46.504167°N 14.772500°E / 46.504167; 14.772500 (Karavanke/Karawanken UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1067 2013 [103][104]
Idrija Idrija e Dintorni (49280858347).jpg Gorizia
 Slovenia
46°00′03″N 14°01′12″E / 46.000775°N 14.020052°E / 46.000775; 14.020052 (Idrija UNESCO Global Geopark) 		294 2013 [105][106]
Hondsrug Geopark de Hondsrug - Netherlands - Dec 2016.jpg Drenthe
 Netherlands
52°55′50″N 6°49′31″E / 52.930556°N 6.825278°E / 52.930556; 6.825278 (Hondsrug UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1000 2013 [107][108]
Sesia - Val Grande Val-grande-cicogna-pizzo-proman-from-pizzo-pernice.JPG Piedmont
 Italy
45°59′28″N 8°20′36″E / 45.991111°N 8.343333°E / 45.991111; 8.343333 (Sesia - Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark) 		2023 2013 [109][110]
Kula Volcanic Kula volkano.jpg Aegean Region
 Turkey
38°36′34″N 28°28′31″E / 38.609444°N 28.475278°E / 38.609444; 28.475278 (Kula Volcanic UNESCO Global Geopark) 		300 2013 [111][112]
Molina and Alto Tajo Barranco de la Hoz.jpg Castile-La Mancha
 Spain
39°16′46″N 3°05′52″W / 39.279444°N 3.097778°W / 39.279444; -3.097778 (Molina and Alto Tajo UNESCO Global Geopark) 		4520 2014 [113][114]
El Hierro Volcanic Cones and Pahoehoe Lava at La Restinga El Hierro.jpg Canary Islands
 Spain
27°43′32″N 18°01′27″W / 27.725556°N 18.024167°W / 27.725556; -18.024167 (El Hierro UNESCO Global Geopark) 		595 2014 [115][116]
Monts d’Ardèche Pont d'Arc HDR.jpg Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes
 France
44°38′06″N 4°15′34″E / 44.635000°N 4.259444°E / 44.635000; 4.259444 (Monts d’Ardèche UNESCO Global Geopark) 		2280 2014 [117][118]
Erz der Alpen Hochkoenig.jpg Salzburg
 Austria
47°22′12″N 13°12′00″E / 47.370000°N 13.200000°E / 47.370000; 13.200000 (Erz der Alpen UNESCO Global Geopark) 		211 2014 [119]
Odsherred Næsholm Borgruin.jpg Sjælland
 Denmark
55°49′48″N 11°34′48″E / 55.830000°N 11.580000°E / 55.830000; 11.580000 (Odsherred UNESCO Global Geopark) 		355 2014 [120]
Terras de Cavaleiros Barragem do Azibo.jpg Norte
 Portugal
41°32′24″N 6°58′12″W / 41.540000°N 6.970000°W / 41.540000; -6.970000 (Terras de Cavaleiros UNESCO Global Geopark) 		700 2014 [121][122]
Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands La Geria vines.jpg Canary Islands
 Spain
29°03′00″N 13°36′00″W / 29.050000°N 13.600000°W / 29.050000; -13.600000 (Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands UNESCO Global Geopark) 		2500 2015 [123][124]
Reykjanes Krisuvik.jpg Southern Peninsula
 Iceland
63°58′23″N 22°31′00″W / 63.973056°N 22.516667°W / 63.973056; -22.516667 (Reykjanes UNESCO Global Geopark) 		825 2015 [125][126]
Pollino Monte Pollino (P.N.P.).jpg Basilicata, Calabria
 Italy
39°55′52″N 16°07′34″E / 39.931111°N 16.126111°E / 39.931111; 16.126111 (Pollino UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1925 2015 [127][128]
Sitia Richtis waterfall at Richtis gorge in Crete.jpg Crete
 Greece
35°10′01″N 26°07′00″E / 35.166944°N 26.116667°E / 35.166944; 26.116667 (Sitia UNESCO Global Geopark) 		517 2015 [129][130]
Troodos Pillow Lava of Troodos Ophiolite in Cyprus.jpg Limassol
 Cyprus
34°58′49″N 32°50′46″E / 34.980278°N 32.846111°E / 34.980278; 32.846111 (Troodos UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1147 2015 [131][132]
Causses du Quercy Rocamadour1 082005.jpg Occitanie
 France
44°34′19″N 1°41′11″E / 44.571944°N 1.686389°E / 44.571944; 1.686389 (Causses du Quercy UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1855 2017 [133][134]
Las Loras Orbaneja del Castillo. Caída de la cascada en el Ebro.jpg Castile and León
 Spain
42°30′58″N 4°00′38″W / 42.516244°N 4.010515°W / 42.516244; -4.010515 (Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark) 		950.76 2017 [135][136]
Beaujolais Glay car 1.JPG Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes
 France
48°31′18″N 64°13′02″W / 48.521642°N 64.217264°W / 48.521642; -64.217264 (Percé UNESCO Global Geopark) 		1550 2018 [137][138]
Famenne-Ardenne Grotten van Han - grot 1.jpg Wallonia
 Belgium
48°31′18″N 64°13′02″W / 48.521642°N 64.217264°W / 48.521642; -64.217264 (Percé UNESCO Global Geopark) 		915 2018 [139][140]
Conca de Tremp–Montsec Tremp Basin East - view from the west.jpg Catalonia
 Spain
42°10′00″N 0°53′45″E / 42.166702°N 0.895778°E / 42.166702; 0.895778 (Conca de Tremp-Montsec UNESCO Global Geopark) 		2050 2018 [141][142]
Courel Mountain Campodola Leixazós 9.jpg Galicia
 Spain
48°31′18″N 64°13′02″W / 48.521642°N 64.217264°W / 48.521642; -64.217264 (Percé UNESCO Global Geopark) 		577.85 2019 [143][144]
Vis Archipelago Vis (island)-Stiniva bay.jpg Split-Dalmatia
 Croatia
43°02′44″N 16°05′31″E / 43.045633°N 16.091839°E / 43.045633; 16.091839 (Vis Archipelago UNESCO Global Geopark) 		6661 2019 [145][146]
Trollfjell Steinstid sommer.JPG Trøndelag
 Norway
65°28′21″N 12°12′30″E / 65.472572°N 12.208394°E / 65.472572; 12.208394 (Trollfjell UNESCO Global Geopark) 		10082 2019 [147][148]
Lauhanvuori-Haemeenkangas
 Finland
 2020 [149]
Estrela
 Portugal
 2020 [150]
Djerdap
 Serbia
 2020 [151]
Granada
 Spain
 2020 [152]
Maestrazgo
 Spain
 2020 [153]
The Black Country
 United Kingdom
 2020 [154]

Note *Kula Volcanic Geopark was enlarged and re-named as Kula Salihli Geopark in 2020. Though it is in the Asian part of Turkey, it is included here as the European Geopark Network extends across all of Turkey.

Recognition of Europe's geodiversity under different international frameworks[]

World Heritage sites[]

Twenty-eight sites are represented currently on the World Heritage list under criterion VIII,[155] as an outstanding representative of Earth's history:

Further sites are inscribed under criterion VII[156] of superlative natural phenomena and aesthetic importance. Some of them, which have a special geoheritage importance are:

Notes[]

  1. ^ The list of geoparks in this article presents the members of the European Geoparks Network. Some members, like in the Canary Islands or in Turkey are situated outside Europe from a physical geographical viewpoint.

References[]

  1. ^ Jones, Cheryl (2008). "History of Geoparks". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 300 (1): 273–277. doi:10.1144/sp300.21. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 130588041.
  2. ^ "EGN - Member list". europeangeoparks.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  3. ^ "Haute-Provence | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  4. ^ "Site officiel de l'UNESCO Géoparc de Haute-Provence". Géoparc de Haute-Provence (in French). Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  5. ^ "Vulkaneifel | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  6. ^ "Geopark Vulkaneifel - Official site". geopark-vulkaneifel.de. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  7. ^ "Lesvos Island | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  8. ^ "Home". Απολιθωμένο Δάσος Λέσβου - Petrified Forest of Lesvos. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  9. ^ "Psiloritis | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  10. ^ "Φυσικό Πάρκο Ψηλορείτη - Παγκόσμιο Γεωπάρκο UNESCO". Φυσικό Πάρκο Ψηλορείτη - Παγκόσμιο Γεωπάρκο UNESCO (in Greek). Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  11. ^ "TERRA.vita | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  12. ^ "Naturpark TERRA.vita : Home". geopark-terravita.de. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  13. ^ "Copper Coast | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  14. ^ "Home". Copper Coast Geopark. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  15. ^ "Marble Arch Caves | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  16. ^ "Marble Arch Caves Geopark - Official website". Marble Arch. Archived from the original on 2020-02-03. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
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