List of United States Army three-star generals since 2010
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_a_United_States_Army_lieutenant_general.svg/160px-Flag_of_a_United_States_Army_lieutenant_general.svg.png)
three-star general
This is a list of three-star generals in the United States Army since 2010. The rank of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is the second-highest rank normally achievable in the U.S. Army, and the first to have a specified number of appointments set by statute. It ranks above major general (two-star general) and below general (four-star general).
There have been 186 three-star generals in the United States Army since 1 January 2010, 30 of whom were promoted to four-star general. Of these, 186 achieved that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army; zero were promoted after retirement; and zero were promoted posthumously. Lieutenant generals entered the Army via several paths: 70 were commissioned via the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), 92 via Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university, 14 via ROTC at a senior military college, seven via Officer Candidate School (OCS), two via ROTC at a military junior college, and one via direct commission (direct).
List of generals[]
Entries in the following list of three-star generals are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was promoted to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army or was promoted to four-star rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Each entry lists the general's name, date of rank,[1] active-duty positions held while serving at three-star rank,[2] number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank (Yrs),[3] year commissioned and source of commission,[4] number of years in commission when promoted to three-star rank (YC),[5] and other biographical notes.[6]
# | Name | Photo | Date of rank [1] | Position [2] | Yrs [3] | Commission [4] | YC [5] | Notes [6] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
1 Feb 2010 |
|
4 | 1972 (ROTC)[7] | 38 | - | |
2 | Thomas P. Bostick | ![]() |
2 Feb 2010 |
|
6 | 1978 (USMA) | 32 | (1956– ) |
3 | Robert L. Caslen Jr. | ![]() |
3 Mar 2010 |
|
8 | 1975 (USMA) | 35 | (1953– ) President, University of South Carolina, 2019–2021. |
4 | John E. Sterling Jr. | 3 May 2010 |
|
2 | 1976 (USMA) | 34 | (1953– ) | |
5 | ![]() |
5 May 2010 |
|
2 | 1974 (ROTC) | 36 | - | |
6 | Daniel P. Bolger | ![]() |
21 May 2010 |
|
3 | 1978 (Citadel) | 32 | (1957– ) |
7 | ![]() |
5 Aug 2010 |
|
3 | 1975 (USMA) | 35 | - | |
* | Curtis M. Scaparrotti | ![]() |
29 Sep 2010 |
|
3 | 1978 (USMA) | 32 | (1956– )[8] Promoted to general, 2 Oct 2013. |
* | Frank J. Grass | ![]() |
30 Sep 2010 |
|
2 | 1981 (OCS) | 29 | (1951– )[9] Promoted to general, 7 Sep 2012. |
8 | John D. Johnson | ![]() |
9 Nov 2010 |
|
5 | 1977 (VMI) | 33 | (1952– ) |
9 | ![]() |
15 Dec 2010 |
|
3 | 1977 (ROTC) | 33 | (1955– ) | |
10 | Howard B. Bromberg | ![]() |
4 Jan 2011 |
|
3 | 1977 (ROTC) | 36 | - |
11 | Michael Ferriter | ![]() |
5 Jan 2011 |
|
3 | 1979 (Citadel) | 32 | (c. 1958– ) President/CEO, National Veterans Memorial and Museum, 2018–present. |
12 | Francis J. Wiercinski | ![]() |
21 Mar 2011 |
|
2 | 1979 (USMA) | 32 | (1956– ) |
13 | Rhett A. Hernandez | ![]() |
25 Mar 2011 |
|
2 | 1976 (USMA) | 35 | (1953– ) |
14 | ![]() |
25 Mar 2011 |
|
2 | 1973 (ROTC) | 38 | - | |
15 | J. Michael Bednarek | ![]() |
6 Apr 2011 |
|
4 | 1975 (ROTC) | 36 | - |
16 | Donald M. Campbell Jr. | ![]() |
21 Apr 2011 |
|
3 | 1978 (ROTC) | 33 | (1956– ) |
* | Vincent K. Brooks | ![]() |
3 Jun 2011 |
|
2 | 1980 (USMA) | 31 | (1958– ) Promoted to general, 2 Jul 2013. |
* | Joseph L. Votel | ![]() |
3 Jun 2011 |
|
3 | 1980 (USMA) | 31 | (1958– )[10] Promoted to general, 28 Aug 2014. |
* | John F. Campbell | ![]() |
Aug 2011 |
|
2 | 1979 (USMA) | 32 | (1957– )[11] Promoted to general, 8 Mar 2013. |
17 | ![]() |
2 Aug 2011 |
|
3 | 1976 (USMA) | 35 | - | |
18 | Michael T. Flynn | ![]() |
23 Sep 2011 |
|
3 | 1981 (ROTC) | 30 | (1958– ) National Security Advisor, 2017. Brother of Army four-star general Charles A. Flynn. |
19 | ![]() |
23 Sep 2011 |
|
2 | 1979 (USMA) | 32 | [12] | |
20 | ![]() |
11 Oct 2011 |
|
4 | 1976 (USMA) | 35 | - | |
21 | ![]() |
3 Nov 2011 |
|
3 | 1978 (ROTC) | 33 | - | |
22 | ![]() |
10 Nov 2011 |
|
3 | 1979 (USMA) | 32 | - | |
23 | William E. Ingram Jr. | ![]() |
14 Nov 2011 |
|
3 | 1970 (OCS) | 41 | (1948– ) |
24 | ![]() |
14 Nov 2011 |
|
3 | 1977 (ROTC) | 34 | (1955– ) | |
* | David G. Perkins | ![]() |
22 Nov 2011 |
|
3 | 1980 (USMA) | 31 | (1957– ) Promoted to general, 14 Mar 2014. |
25 | Patricia D. Horoho | ![]() |
5 Dec 2011 |
|
4 | 1982 (ROTC) | 29 | (1960– )[13] |
26 | James L. Terry | ![]() |
10 Jan 2012 |
|
3 | 1978 (NGC) | 34 | (1957– ) |
27 | Mary A. Legere | ![]() |
2 Apr 2012 |
|
4 | 1982 (ROTC) | 30 | - |
28 | ![]() |
26 Apr 2012 |
|
3 | 1981 (USMA) | 31 | (1956– ) | |
29 | ![]() |
24 May 2012 |
|
3 | 1978 (ROTC) | 34 | - | |
30 | David D. Halverson | 4 Jun 2012 |
|
4 | 1979 (USMA) | 33 | - | |
31 | Jeffrey W. Talley | ![]() |
9 Jun 2012 |
|
4 | 1981 (ROTC) | 31 | (1959– ) |
* | Daniel B. Allyn | ![]() |
22 Jun 2012 |
|
1 | 1981 (USMA) | 30 | (1959– )[11] Promoted to general, 10 May 2013. |
* | Robert B. Brown | ![]() |
4 Jul 2012 |
|
4 | 1981 (USMA) | 31 | (1959– ) Promoted to general, 30 Apr 2016. |
32 | William B. Garrett III | ![]() |
20 Jul 2012 |
|
4 | 1981 (NGC) | 31 | (1953– ) |
33 | Charles T. Cleveland | ![]() |
24 Jul 2012 |
|
3 | 1978 (USMA) | 34 | (1956– ) |
34 | David R. Hogg | ![]() |
26 Jul 2012 |
|
3 | 1981 (USMA) | 31 | (1958– ) |
35 | ![]() |
27 Jul 2012 |
|
2 | 1978 (USMA) | 34 | - | |
36 | Patricia E. McQuistion | ![]() |
2 Aug 2012 |
|
3 | 1980 (ROTC) | 31 | - |
37 | ![]() |
22 Sep 2012 |
|
4 | 1978 (Norwich) | 34 | - | |
38 | Frederick B. Hodges III | ![]() |
30 Nov 2012 |
|
6 | 1980 (USMA) | 32 | (1958– ) |
* | Mark A. Milley | ![]() |
20 Dec 2012 |
|
2 | 1980 (ROTC) | 32 | (1958– )[14][15] Promoted to general, 15 Aug 2014. |
39 | Kenneth E. Tovo | ![]() |
13 Feb 2013 |
|
5 | 1983 (USMA) | 30 | (1961– ) |
40 | ![]() |
8 Mar 2013 |
|
2 | 1980 (ROTC) | 34 | - | |
41 | Joseph Anderson | ![]() |
6 Jun 2013 |
|
6 | 1981 (USMA) | 32 | (1959– ) |
42 | ![]() |
27 Jun 2013 |
|
3 | 1977 (OCS) | 36 | - | |
43 | Michael S. Linnington | ![]() |
27 Jun 2013 |
|
2 | 1980 (USMA) | 33 | (1958– ) Director, Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, 2015–2016. |
44 | ![]() |
17 Jul 2013 |
|
3 | 1980 (ROTC) | 33 | - | |
45 | Michael S. Tucker | ![]() |
2 Aug 2013 |
|
3 | 1980 (OCS) | 33 | (1959– ) |
46 | ![]() |
12 Aug 2013 |
|
4 | 1981 (ROTC) | 32 | - | |
47 | Edward C. Cardon | ![]() |
2 Sep 2013 |
|
5 | 1982 (USMA) | 31 | (1960– ) |
* | Robert B. Abrams | ![]() |
3 Sep 2013 |
|
2 | 1982 (USMA) | 31 | (1960– ) Promoted to general, 10 Aug 2015. Son of Army four-star general Creighton Abrams and brother of Army four-star general John N. Abrams. |
48 | Flora D. Darpino | ![]() |
4 Sep 2013 |
|
4 | 1987 (direct) | 26 | (1961– ) First woman to become Judge Advocate General of the United States Army. |
49 | Perry L. Wiggins | ![]() |
4 Sep 2013 |
|
3 | 1983 (ROTC) | 30 | (1962– ) |
50 | William C. Mayville Jr. | 6 Nov 2013 |
|
5 | 1982 (USMA) | 31 | - | |
51 | ![]() |
23 Dec 2013 |
|
4 | 1983 (ROTC) | 30 | First African-American to serve as Army chief information officer. | |
52 | Stephen R. Lanza | ![]() |
7 Feb 2014 |
|
3 | 1980 (USMA) | 34 | (1957– ) |
53 | Bennet S. Sacolick | ![]() |
21 Mar 2014 |
|
2 | 1982 (OCS) | 32 | - |
54 | Kevin W. Mangum | ![]() |
28 Mar 2014 |
|
3 | 1982 (USMA) | 32 | (1960– ) |
55 | ![]() |
4 Apr 2014 |
|
3 | 1983 (ROTC) | 31 | - | |
* | Raymond A. Thomas III | ![]() |
22 May 2014 |
|
2 | 1980 (USMA) | 34 | (1958– )[10] Promoted to general, 30 Mar 2016. |
56 | Anthony G. Crutchfield | ![]() |
6 Jun 2014 |
|
3 | 1982 (ROTC) | 32 | (1960– ) |
57 | H. R. McMaster | ![]() |
15 Jul 2014 |
|
4 | 1984 (USMA) | 30 | (1962– ) |
58 | Patrick J. Donahue II | ![]() |
29 Jul 2014 |
|
3 | 1980 (USMA) | 34 | (1957– ) |
* | James C. McConville | ![]() |
4 Aug 2014 |
|
3 | 1981 (USMA) | 33 | (1959– )[11][14] Promoted to general, 16 Jun 2017. |
59 | Sean B. McFarland | ![]() |
8 Aug 2014 |
|
4 | 1981 (USMA) | 33 | (1959– ) |
60 | ![]() |
12 Aug 2014 |
|
3 | 1981 (ROTC) | 34 | (1959– ) First female finance officer in any service to achieve three-star rank. | |
* | John W. Nicholson Jr. | ![]() |
17 Sep 2014 |
|
2 | 1982 (USMA) | 32 | (1960– ) Promoted to general, 2 Mar 2016. |
* | Gustave F. Perna | ![]() |
17 Sep 2014 |
|
2 | 1981 (VFMAC) | 33 | (1960– ) Promoted to general, 30 Sep 2016. |
61 | Anthony R. Ierardi | 11 Dec 2014 |
|
5 | 1982 (ROTC) | 32 | (1960– ) | |
62 | David E. Quantock | ![]() |
11 Dec 2014 |
|
4 | 1980 (Norwich) | 34 | - |
63 | ![]() |
11 Dec 2014 |
|
2 | 1981 (ROTC) | 34 | Director, William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, 2018–present. | |
64 | ![]() |
27 Mar 2015 |
|
3 | 1981 (USMA) | 34 | - | |
65 | Timothy J. Kadavy | ![]() |
27 Mar 2015 |
|
4 | 1987 (ROTC) | 28 | (1963– )[18][19] |
66 | Larry D. Wyche | ![]() |
10 Apr 2015 |
|
2 | 1982 (ROTC) | 33 | (1957– ) |
* | Stephen J. Townsend | ![]() |
5 May 2015 |
|
3 | 1982 (NGC) | 33 | (1959– )[10] Promoted to general, 3 Mar 2018. |
67 | ![]() |
7 Jul 2015 |
|
3 | 1980 (USMA) | 35 | - | |
68 | Ronald F. Lewis | ![]() |
23 Jul 2015 |
|
0 | 1987 (USMA) | 28 | (1966– )[20] Relieved, 2015. |
69 | Alan R. Lynn | ![]() |
23 Jul 2015 |
|
3 | 1979 (ROTC) | 36 | - |
70 | ![]() |
27 Jul 2015 |
|
3 | 1983 (Norwich) | 32 | - | |
* | Daniel R. Hokanson | ![]() |
15 Aug 2015 |
|
5 | 1986 (USMA) | 29 | (1963– )[9] Promoted to general, 3 Aug 2020. |
* | Stephen R. Lyons | ![]() |
24 Aug 2015 |
|
3 | 1983 (ROTC) | 32 | (c. 1962– )[10] Promoted to general, 24 Aug 2018. |
* | John M. Murray | ![]() |
27 Aug 2015 |
|
3 | 1982 (ROTC) | 33 | (1960– ) Promoted to general, 24 Aug 2018. |
* | Michael X. Garrett | ![]() |
17 Nov 2015 |
|
4 | 1984 (ROTC) | 31 | (1961– ) Promoted to general, 21 Mar 2019. |
71 | ![]() |
30 Nov 2015 |
|
3 | 1982 (USMA) | 33 | - | |
72 | ![]() |
2 Feb 2016 |
|
2 | 1982 (USMA) | 34 | (c. 1960–2018)[21] | |
73 | Nadja Y. West | ![]() |
9 Feb 2016 |
|
3 | 1982 (USMA) | 34 | (1961– ) First African-American woman to achieve the rank of lieutenant general in the Army. |
74 | Robert P. Ashley Jr. | ![]() |
2 Mar 2016 |
|
4 | 1984 (ROTC) | 33 | - |
75 | Michael K. Nagata | ![]() |
17 Mar 2016 |
|
3 | 1982 (ROTC) | 34 | - |
* | Austin S. Miller | ![]() |
24 Mar 2016 |
|
2 | 1983 (USMA) | 33 | (1961– ) Promoted to general, 2 Sep 2018. |
76 | Todd T. Semonite | ![]() |
19 May 2016 |
|
4 | 1979 (USMA) | 37 | (1957– ) |
77 | Michael D. Lundy | ![]() |
1 Jun 2016 |
|
3 | 1987 (ROTC) | 29 | [22] |
78 | Darryl A. Williams | ![]() |
2 Jun 2016 |
|
6 | 1983 (USMA) | 33 | (1961– ) First African-American superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy. |
79 | Gwendolyn Bingham | ![]() |
29 Jun 2016 |
|
3 | 1981 (ROTC) | 35 | (1959– ) |
80 | Charles D. Luckey | ![]() |
30 Jun 2016 |
|
4 | 1977 (ROTC) | 39 | (1955– ) |
81 | Stephen M. Twitty | ![]() |
15 Jul 2016 |
|
4 | 1985 (ROTC) | 31 | (1963– ) |
82 | Jeffrey S. Buchanan | ![]() |
26 Aug 2016 |
|
3 | 1982 (ROTC) | 34 | - |
83 | Aundre F. Piggee | ![]() |
30 Sep 2016 |
|
3 | 1981 (ROTC) | 36 | (1959– )[23] |
* | Paul M. Nakasone | ![]() |
14 Oct 2016 |
|
2 | 1986 (ROTC) | 32 | (1963– )[10] Promoted to general, 4 May 2018. |
84 | Reynold N. Hoover | ![]() |
26 Oct 2016 |
|
2 | 1983 (USMA) | 33 | (1961– ) |
* | James H. Dickinson | ![]() |
5 Jan 2017 |
|
3 | 1985 (ROTC) | 32 | (c. 1962– )[10] Promoted to general, 20 Aug 2020. |
* | Paul E. Funk II | ![]() |
31 Mar 2017 |
|
2 | 1984 (ROTC) | 33 | (1962– ) Promoted to general, 21 Jun 2019. Son and son-in-law of Army lieutenant generals Paul E. Funk and John J. Yeosock. |
85 | Gary J. Volesky | ![]() |
3 Apr 2017 |
|
3 | 1983 (ROTC) | 30 | (1961– ) |
86 | Darrell K. Williams | ![]() |
1 May 2017 |
|
3 | 1983 (ROTC) | 34 | - |
87 | Bryan P. Fenton | ![]() |
12 May 2017 |
|
5 | 1987 (ROTC) | 30 | (1965– ) |
88 | ![]() |
15 May 2017 |
|
3 | 1985 (USMA) | 32 | Director, Supply, Production, and Distribution, Operation Warp Speed/Federal COVID-19 Response for Vaccine and Therapeutics, 2020–2021. | |
89 | Thomas C. Seamands | ![]() |
26 May 2017 |
|
3 | 1981 (ROTC) | 36 | (1959– ) |
* | Laura J. Richardson | ![]() |
9 Jun 2017 |
|
4 | 1986 (ROTC) | 31 | (1963– )[10] Promoted to general, 29 Oct 2021. Married to Army lieutenant general James M. Richardson. |
90 | Charles N. Pede | ![]() |
14 Jul 2017 |
|
4 | 1984 (ROTC) | 33 | [24] |
91 | Charles W. Hooper | ![]() |
31 Jul 2017 |
|
3 | 1979 (USMA) | 41 | - |
* | Richard D. Clarke Jr. | ![]() |
1 Aug 2017 |
|
2 | 1984 (USMA) | 33 | (1960– )[10] Promoted to general, 29 Mar 2019. |
* | Edward M. Daly | ![]() |
1 Aug 2017 |
|
3 | 1987 (USMA) | 30 | (1965– ) Promoted to general, 2 Jul 2020. |
92 | Thomas A. Horlander | ![]() |
3 Aug 2017 |
|
4 | 1983 (OCS) | 34 | - |
93 | ![]() |
17 Aug 2017 |
|
3 | 1986 (ROTC) | 31 | - | |
94 | Eric P. Wendt | ![]() |
31 Oct 2017 |
|
4 | 1986 (ROTC) | 31 | [25] |
95 | Michael A. Bills | ![]() |
5 Jan 2018 |
|
2 | 1983 (ROTC) | 35 | (1958– ) |
* | Christopher G. Cavoli | ![]() |
18 Jan 2018 |
|
2 | 1987 (ROTC) | 31 | (c. 1965– ) Promoted to general, 1 Oct 2020. |
* | Paul J. LaCamera | ![]() |
19 Jan 2018 |
|
1 | 1985 (USMA) | 33 | (1963– ) Promoted to general, 18 Nov 2019. |
96 | Scott D. Berrier | ![]() |
30 Jan 2018 |
|
4 | 1983 (ROTC) | 35 | (1962– ) |
97 | Leslie C. Smith | ![]() |
7 Feb 2018 |
|
3 | 1983 (ROTC) | 35 | - |
98 | Theodore D. Martin | ![]() |
2 Mar 2018 |
|
4 | 1983 (USMA) | 35 | (1960– ) |
99 | Eric J. Wesley | ![]() |
12 Apr 2018 |
|
2 | 1986 (USMA) | 32 | (1964– ) |
100 | Stephen G. Fogarty | ![]() |
11 May 2018 |
|
3 | 1983 (NGC) | 35 | (c. 1965– ) |
101 | ![]() |
24 May 2018 |
|
2 | 1987 (ROTC) | 31 | - | |
102 | Francis M. Beaudette | ![]() |
8 Jun 2018 |
|
3 | 1989 (Citadel) | 29 | - |
* | Joseph M. Martin | ![]() |
2 Jul 2018 |
|
1 | 1986 (USMA) | 32 | (1962– )[11] Promoted to general, 26 Jul 2019. |
103 | ![]() |
3 Aug 2018 |
|
2 | 1986 (USMA) | 32 | (1961– ) | |
104 | James F. Pasquarette | ![]() |
29 Aug 2018 |
|
3 | 1983 (ROTC) | 35 | (1961– ) |
105 | Bradley A. Becker | ![]() |
5 Sep 2018 |
|
1 | 1986 (ROTC) | 32 | - |
106 | James M. Richardson | ![]() |
5 Sep 2018 |
|
4 | 1983 (ROTC) | 35 | (1960– ) Married to Army four-star general Laura J. Richardson. |
107 | Thomas S. James Jr. | ![]() |
9 Oct 2018 |
|
3 | 1985 (Citadel) | 33 | - |
108 | James E. Rainey | ![]() |
12 Oct 2018 |
|
4 | 1987 (ROTC) | 33 | - |
109 | Andrew P. Poppas | ![]() |
28 Feb 2019 |
|
3 | 1988 (USMA) | 31 | (c. 1965– ) |
110 | Terry R. Ferrell | ![]() |
8 Mar 2019 |
|
2 | 1984 (ROTC) | 35 | (1962– ) |
111 | Karen H. Gibson | ![]() |
28 Mar 2019 |
|
1 | 1988 (ROTC) | 30 | Sergeant at Arms, U.S. Senate, 2021–present. |
112 | L. Neil Thurgood | ![]() |
29 Mar 2019 |
|
3 | 1983 (ROTC) | 36 | - |
113 | Walter E. Piatt | ![]() |
30 May 2019 |
|
3 | 1987 (ROTC) | 32 | - |
114 | Robert P. White | ![]() |
5 Jun 2019 |
|
3 | 1986 (ROTC) | 33 | (1963– ) |
115 | Leopoldo A. Quintas Jr. | ![]() |
17 Jun 2019 |
|
2 | 1986 (USMA) | 33 | (1964– ) |
* | Charles A. Flynn | ![]() |
27 Jun 2019 |
|
2 | 1985 (ROTC) | 34 | (c. 1963– ) Promoted to general, 4 Jun 2021. Brother of Army lieutenant general and former National Security Advisor Michael T. Flynn. |
116 | Ronald J. Place | ![]() |
3 Sep 2019 |
|
3 | 1990 (ROTC) | 29 | - |
117 | Duane A. Gamble | ![]() |
16 Sep 2019 |
|
3 | 1985 (ROTC) | 34 | - |
118 | R. Scott Dingle | ![]() |
27 Sep 2019 |
|
3 | 1988 (ROTC) | 31 | (1965– ) |
119 | Jason T. Evans | ![]() |
27 Sep 2019 |
|
3 | 1981 (WMA) | 38 | - |
120 | Ricky L. Waddell | ![]() |
27 Sep 2019 |
|
2 | 1982 (USMA) | 37 | (1959– ) Deputy National Security Advisor, 2017–2018. |
121 | Michael E. Kurilla | ![]() |
7 Oct 2019 |
|
3 | 1988 (USMA) | 31 | (1966– ) |
122 | Mark C. Schwartz | ![]() |
3 Nov 2019 |
|
2 | 1987 (ROTC) | 32 | - |
123 | E. John Deedrick Jr. | ![]() |
30 Nov 2019 |
|
3 | 1988 (Citadel) | 31 | - |
124 | Daniel L. Karbler | ![]() |
6 Dec 2019 |
|
3 | 1987 (USMA) | 32 | - |
125 | Douglas M. Gabram | ![]() |
22 Jan 2020 |
|
2 | 1984 (ROTC) | 36 | - |
126 | Randy A. George | ![]() |
4 Feb 2020 |
|
2 | 1988 (USMA) | 32 | - |
127 | Robert L. Marion | ![]() |
2 May 2020 |
|
2 | 1988 (ROTC) | 32 | - |
128 | David G. Bassett | ![]() |
4 Jun 2020 |
|
2 | 1988 (ROTC) | 32 | - |
129 | Flem B. Walker Jr. | ![]() |
2 Jul 2020 |
|
2 | 1987 (ROTC) | 33 | - |
130 | Thomas H. Todd III | ![]() |
13 Jul 2020 |
|
2 | 1989 (Citadel) | 31 | - |
131 | Michael L. Howard | ![]() |
21 Jul 2020 |
|
2 | 1986 (ROTC) | 34 | - |
132 | Jody J. Daniels | ![]() |
28 Jul 2020 |
|
2 | 1983 (ROTC) | 37 | (c. 1964– ) |
133 | Gary M. Brito | ![]() |
2 Aug 2020 |
|
2 | 1987 (ROTC) | 35 | (1964– ) |
134 | Jon A. Jensen | ![]() |
3 Aug 2020[26] |
|
2 | 1989 (OCS) | 31 | (1963– ) |
135 | Roger L. Cloutier Jr. | ![]() |
4 Aug 2020 |
|
2 | 1988 (ROTC) | 32 | - |
136 | John S. Kolasheski | ![]() |
4 Aug 2020 |
|
2 | 1989 (ROTC) | 31 | - |
137 | John B. Morrison Jr. | ![]() |
4 Aug 2020 |
|
2 | 1986 (ROTC) | 34 | - |
138 | Paul T. Calvert | ![]() |
9 Sep 2020 |
|
2 | 1987 (NGC) | 33 | - |
139 | Scott A. Spellmon | ![]() |
10 Sep 2020 |
|
2 | 1986 (USMA) | 34 | (1963– ) |
140 | Laura A. Potter | ![]() |
14 Sep 2020 |
|
2 | 1989 (ROTC) | 31 | (1971– ) |
141 | James J. Mingus | ![]() |
1 Oct 2020 |
|
2 | 1985 (ROTC) | 35 | (1964– ) |
142 | Willard M. Burleson III | ![]() |
2 Oct 2020 |
|
2 | 1988 (USMA) | 32 | - |
143 | D. Scott McKean | ![]() |
2 Nov 2020 |
|
2 | 1990 (USMA) | 30 | (1968– ) |
144 | A.C. Roper Jr. | ![]() |
4 May 2021 |
|
1 | 1983 (ROTC) | 38 | (1963– ) First African-American in the Army Reserve to achieve the rank of lieutenant general. |
145 | Maria R. Gervais | ![]() |
28 May 2021 |
|
1 | 1987 (ROTC) | 34 | - |
146 | Erik C. Peterson | ![]() |
2 Jun 2021 |
|
1 | 1986 (ROTC) | 35 | - |
147 | Antonio A. Aguto Jr. | ![]() |
8 Jul 2021 |
|
1 | 1988 (USMA) | 33 | (1966– ) |
148 | Stuart W. Risch | ![]() |
12 Jul 2021 |
|
1 | 1984 (ROTC) | 37 | - |
149 | Paul A. Chamberlain | ![]() |
2 Aug 2021 |
|
1 | 1988 (ROTC) | 33 | - |
150 | Ronald P. Clark | ![]() |
4 Aug 2021 |
|
1 | 1988 (USMA) | 33 | - |
151 | Jonathan P. Braga | ![]() |
13 Aug 2021 |
|
1 | 1991 (USMA) | 30 | (1969– ) |
152 | Donna W. Martin | ![]() |
2 Sep 2021 |
|
1 | 1988 (ROTC) | 33 | First woman to be Inspector General of the United States Army. |
153 | John R. Evans Jr. | ![]() |
9 Sep 2021 |
|
1 | 1988 (ROTC) | 33 | - |
154 | Xavier T. Brunson | ![]() |
1 Oct 2021 |
|
1 | 1990 (ROTC) | 31 | - |
155 | Antonio M. Fletcher | ![]() |
15 Oct 2021 |
|
1 | 1989 (USMA) | 32 | - |
156 | Michael R. Fenzel | ![]() |
2 Nov 2021 |
|
1 | 1989 (ROTC) | 32 | (1967– ) |
Timeline[]
Three-star positions (2010 onwards)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/iltmcx6jh2gqvaweebkryrjn2avtcmw.png)
Three-star generals (2010 onwards)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/2axjp174qy8wkpf5govc33bha58k5jg.png)
History[]
Quasi-War[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Portrait_of_George_Washington-transparent.png/100px-Portrait_of_George_Washington-transparent.png)
The rank of lieutenant general in the United States Army was established in 1798 when President John Adams commissioned George Washington in that grade to command the armies of the United States during the Quasi-War with France. The next year, Congress replaced the office of lieutenant general with that of General of the Armies of the United States but Washington died before accepting the new commission, remaining a lieutenant general until posthumously promoted to General of the Armies in 1976.[27]
Mexican War[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Winfield_Scott.jpg/100px-Winfield_Scott.jpg)
In 1855 Congress rewarded the Mexican War service of Major General Winfield Scott by authorizing his promotion to brevet lieutenant general, to rank from March 29, 1847, the date of the Mexican surrender at the Siege of Veracruz.[28] As a lieutenant general only by brevet, Scott remained in the permanent grade of major general but was entitled to be paid as a lieutenant general from the date of his brevet commission, resulting in a public tussle with Secretary of War Jefferson Davis over the amount of backpay Scott was owed. Congress resolved all issues in Scott's favor once Davis left office in 1857, and allowed Scott to retire at full pay in 1861.[29]
Civil War[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/John_McAllister_Schofield.jpg/100px-John_McAllister_Schofield.jpg)
The grade of lieutenant general was revived in February 1864 to allow President Abraham Lincoln to promote Major General Ulysses S. Grant to command the armies of the United States during the American Civil War. After the war, Grant was promoted to general and his vacant lieutenant general grade was filled by Major General William T. Sherman. When Grant became President in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as general and Major General Philip H. Sheridan succeeded Sherman as lieutenant general. Congress suspended further promotions to general and lieutenant general in 1870, but made an exception in 1888 to promote Sheridan on his deathbed by discontinuing the grade of lieutenant general and merging it with the grade of general.[30]
In 1895 Congress briefly revived the grade of lieutenant general to promote Sheridan's successor as commanding general of the Army, Major General John M. Schofield. Schofield had lobbied for the grade to be permanently reestablished in order to cement the primacy of all future commanding generals over the Army's other major generals. However, Congress regarded the lieutenant generalcy as the penultimate military accolade, second only to promotion to full general, and refused to devalue the title's significance by conferring it on any future commanding general less eminent than previous recipients. Instead, Schofield himself was promoted to lieutenant general as a one-time personal honor eight months before he retired.[31] In retirement Schofield argued that the rank of lieutenant general ought to be permanently associated with the office of commanding general, not the individual officers occupying it, and that an officer serving as commanding general should hold the ex officio rank of lieutenant general while so detailed but revert to his permanent grade of major general upon leaving office. Over the next five decades, Schofield's concept of lieutenant general as temporary ex officio rank would slowly prevail over the concept of lieutenant general as permanent personal grade.[32]
Spanish–American War[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Henry_C_Corbin.jpg/100px-Henry_C_Corbin.jpg)
The question of whether the lieutenant generalcy should be a permanent personal grade or a temporary ex officio rank was phrased in terms of the line of the Army, whose officers commanded combat formations, and its staff, whose officers performed specialized support functions. Permanent personal promotions to general officer grades were only available in the line, but staff officers could temporarily acquire general officer rank while detailed to an office bearing that statutory rank, so officers holding the permanent grade of general officer were called general officers of the line and ex officio general officers were called general officers of the staff.[33]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Arthur_MacArthur_Jr.jpg/100px-Arthur_MacArthur_Jr.jpg)
In June 1900 Schofield's successor as commanding general, Major General Nelson A. Miles, was made a lieutenant general of the staff by an amendment to the United States Military Academy appropriations bill that granted the rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army.[34] Eight months later, the 1901 Army reorganization bill replaced this ex officio rank with the permanent grade of lieutenant general of the line.[35] When Miles retired in 1903, the senior major general was Adjutant General Henry C. Corbin, but as a staff corps officer Corbin was ineligible to command the Army, so the lieutenant generalcy went instead to the senior major general of the line, Samuel B. M. Young. Young reached the statutory retirement age five months later and was succeeded by Adna R. Chaffee. Seniority and scheduled retirements suggested that Chaffee would be succeeded in 1906 by Arthur MacArthur Jr., but both Corbin and Major General John C. Bates were scheduled to retire for age that year and it was decided that MacArthur's ascension would not be materially delayed by first promoting Bates and Corbin to lieutenant general for the few months of active duty remaining to them.[36]
Corbin's promotion became controversial when he declined to be detailed as chief of staff of the Army. Corbin felt the chief of staff should be a younger officer with the time and energy to enact a long-range program, not a superannuated placeholder on the cusp of retirement, so when Bates retired Corbin became lieutenant general but Brigadier General J. Franklin Bell became chief of staff.[37] However, by divorcing the Army's highest grade from its highest office, Corbin had again reduced the lieutenant generalcy to a personal honor. Many in Congress believed Corbin was not in the same class as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, and Schofield, and pressed to abolish the lieutenant generalcy immediately, but after a heated debate MacArthur's supporters managed to preserve the grade until after MacArthur's promotion.[38]
MacArthur was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1906. Since he was the last Civil War officer expected to succeed to the grade, Congress stopped further promotions to lieutenant general in March 1907 and stated that the active-duty grade would be abolished when MacArthur retired.[39] Later that month, MacArthur asked to be relieved of his duties, disgruntled at his anomalous position of being the ranking officer of the Army yet consigned to the command of a mere division and subject to orders from an officer he outranked, Chief of Staff Bell, whose four-year term extended beyond MacArthur's statutory retirement date. MacArthur returned home to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he marked time writing up travel reports until he retired in 1909.[40]
World War I[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hunter_Liggett.jpg/100px-Hunter_Liggett.jpg)
In October 1917, Congress authorized the President to appoint as generals the chief of staff of the Army and the commander of the United States forces in France, and as lieutenant generals the commanders of the field armies and army corps, so that they would not be outranked by their counterparts in allied European armies. Unlike previous incarnations, these new grades were time-limited, authorized only for the duration of the World War I emergency, after which their bearers would revert to their lower permanent grades. The commander of the American Expeditionary Force, Major General John J. Pershing, was immediately appointed emergency general, as were two successive Army chiefs of staff, but no emergency lieutenant generals were named for over a year because the armies they would command had not yet been organized.[41]
On October 21, 1918, Major Generals Hunter Liggett, commander of the First Army, and Robert L. Bullard, commander of the Second Army, were nominated to be emergency lieutenant generals, less than three weeks before the Armistice.[42] With victory imminent, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker sought legislation to reward the Army's high commanders by making their emergency grades permanent. However, Army Chief of Staff Peyton C. March had alienated many members of Congress by unilaterally reorganizing the Army without their input and his enemies blocked every effort to honor any officer but Pershing with higher rank. In the end, Pershing was promoted to permanent General of the Armies, but March, Liggett, and Bullard reverted to their permanent grades of major general when their emergency grades expired on July 1, 1920.[43]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/USACE_Edgar_Jadwin.jpg/100px-USACE_Edgar_Jadwin.jpg)
After the war, there were a number of unsuccessful attempts to retire as lieutenant generals a list of officers that variously included Major Generals March, Liggett, Bullard, Enoch H. Crowder, Joseph T. Dickman, Leonard Wood, , James G. Harbord, James W. McAndrew, Henry P. McCain, Charles P. Summerall, Ernest Hinds, , William Campbell Langfitt, and George W. Goethals; Surgeon General Merritte W. Ireland; and Colonel William L. Kenly.[44] Finally, on August 7, 1929, the Army chief of engineers, Major General Edgar Jadwin, was retired as a lieutenant general by a 1915 law that automatically promoted officers one grade upon retirement if they had helped build the Panama Canal.[45] There was some consternation that a peacetime staff corps officer had secured more or less by chance a promotion deliberately withheld from the victorious field commanders of World War I, so the year after Jadwin's promotion all World War I officers were advanced to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list, including Liggett and Bullard.[46]
In 1942, Congress allowed retired Army generals to be advanced one grade on the retired list or posthumously if they had been recommended in writing during World War I for promotion to a higher rank which they had not since received, provided they had also been awarded the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, or the Distinguished Service Medal; retired Major Generals James G. Harbord and William M. Wright were both advanced to lieutenant general under this provision.[47]
Interwar[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Walter-short_l.jpg/100px-Walter-short_l.jpg)
After Pershing retired in 1924, the rank of the Army chief of staff reverted to major general, the highest permanent grade in the peacetime Army. However, the Navy continued to maintain three ex officio vice admirals and four ex officio admirals, including the chief of naval operations, so in 1929 Congress raised the ex officio rank of the Army chief of staff to full general.[48] In 1939 Congress also assigned the ex officio rank of lieutenant general to the major generals of the Regular Army specifically assigned to command each of the four field armies, allowing President Franklin D. Roosevelt to appoint the first new active-duty lieutenant generals since World War I: First Army commander Hugh A. Drum, Second Army commander Stanley H. Ford, Third Army commander Stanley D. Embick, and Fourth Army commander Albert J. Bowley. Congress extended similar rank in July 1940 to the major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments.[49]
As general officers of the staff, these new lieutenant generals bore three-star rank only while actually commanding a field army or department, and reverted to their permanent two-star rank upon being reassigned or retired. However, during World War II most lieutenant generals of the staff received concurrent personal appointments as temporary lieutenant generals in the Army of the United States so that they could be reassigned without loss of rank. Postwar legislation allowed officers to retire in their highest temporary grades, so most lieutenant generals of the staff eventually retired at that rank.[50] Of the lieutenant generals of the staff who were never appointed temporary lieutenant generals, Albert J. Bowley, Stanley H. Ford, Charles D. Herron, Daniel Van Voorhis, Herbert J. Brees, and Walter C. Short retired as major generals upon reaching the statutory retirement age; and Lloyd R. Fredendall qualified to retire in grade due to physical disability incurred during his term as lieutenant general. After the war, Brees and Short both applied to be advanced to lieutenant general on the retired list under a 1948 law; Brees was promoted but the administration specifically declined to advance Short, who had been relieved of command of the Hawaiian Department a few days after the defeat at Pearl Harbor.[51]
World War II[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Lieutenant_General_Delos_C_Emmons.jpg/100px-Lieutenant_General_Delos_C_Emmons.jpg)
In September 1940, Congress authorized the President to appoint Regular Army officers to temporary higher grades in the Army of the United States during time of war or national emergency. The first temporary lieutenant general appointed under this authority was Major General Delos C. Emmons, Commander, General Headquarters Air Force; followed by Major General Lesley J. McNair, Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, U.S. Army. In July 1941, retired four-star general Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and appointed temporary lieutenant general as Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East.[52]
Dozens of officers were promoted to temporary lieutenant general during World War II. Lieutenant generals typically commanded one of the numbered field armies or air forces; served as deputy theater commanders; or headed major headquarters staffs, administrative commands, or support organizations. Officers were only allowed to retire in their temporary grades if they were retired due to disability incurred in the line of duty, but those compelled by good health to retire in a lower grade were eventually restored to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list.[53]
Subject to Senate approval, anyone could be appointed temporary lieutenant general, even a civilian. In January 1942, the outgoing Director General of the Office of Production Management, William S. Knudsen, was commissioned temporary lieutenant general in the Army of the United States, the only civilian ever to join the Army at such a high initial rank.[54]
Postwar[]
The modern office of lieutenant general was established by the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, which authorized the President to designate certain positions of importance and responsibility to carry the ex officio rank of general or lieutenant general, to be filled by officers holding the permanent or temporary grade of major general or higher. Officers could retire in their highest active-duty rank, subject to Senate approval. The total number of positions allowed to carry such rank was capped at 15 percent of the total number of general officers, which worked out initially to nine generals and thirty-five lieutenant generals, of whom four generals and seventeen lieutenant generals were required to be in the Air Corps. All Air Corps personnel were transferred in grade to the United States Air Force by the National Security Act of 1947.[55]
Lieutenant generals typically headed divisions of the General Staff in Washington, D.C.; field armies in Europe, Japan, and the continental United States; the Army command in the Pacific; the unified command in the Caribbean; the occupation force in Austria; and senior educational institutions such as the National War College, the Army War College, and the Armed Forces Staff College. During the Korean War, the commanding general of the Eighth Army was elevated to full general, and the Eighth Army deputy commanding general and subordinate corps commanders were elevated to lieutenant general.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/JohnCStennis.jpg/100px-JohnCStennis.jpg)
By mid-1952, the number of active-duty general officers had swelled to nearly twice its World War II peak. In response, Congress enacted the Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954, which tied the maximum number of generals to the total number of officers. However, the real limit was the so-called Stennis ceiling imposed by Mississippi Senator John C. Stennis, whose Senate Armed Services Committee refused to confirm general or flag officer nominations beyond what he considered to be a reasonable total, which typically was much lower than the statutory limit. The Stennis ceiling remained in effect from the mid-1950s until the post-Vietnam War drawdown.[56]
Unlike the temporary general and flag officer ranks of World War II, the 1947 ranks were attached to offices, not individuals, and were lost if an officer was reassigned to a lesser job.[57] Army generals almost always preferred to retire rather than revert to a lower permanent grade. A rare exception was Lt. Gen. John W. O'Daniel, who temporarily relinquished his third star upon becoming chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group in French Indochina so that he would not outrank the theater commander in chief, French lieutenant general Henri Navarre. O'Daniel got his star back five months later when France withdrew from Indochina following Navarre's defeat at Dien Bien Phu.[58]
The rules dictating appointment of lieutenant generals, including the role of the Senate in confirming nominees, have remained largely consistent since the passing of the 1947 act, only changing periodically with congressionally dictated amendments to general and flag officer distributions.[59] Section 526 of the United States Code codifies the limits placed on general and flag officer appointments, specifying further for appointments above two-star grade.[60]
The formation of a series of new agencies directly under the Department of Defense in the 1960s and succeeding decades due to interservice deficiencies between the military departments necessitated an increase in joint duty three-star appointments.[61] The same became true for the two-star chiefs of service reserve commands in 2001[62] and service judge advocates general in 2008,[63] courtesy of the annually passed National Defense Authorization Acts.
War on Terror[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Peter_W._Chiarelli_2006.jpg/100px-Peter_W._Chiarelli_2006.jpg)
The national emergency declared by President George W. Bush in the wake of the September 11 attacks[64] effectively removed all statutory limits for general officers in the Army, resulting in a disproportionate number of lieutenant general billets being created for operations against extremist groups in the Middle East as part of the War on Terror, as land warfare was predominant against the guerilla tactics of groups such as al-Qaeda, ISIL and the Taliban.[65] It thus became commonplace for corps or field army commanders in the United States to be dual-hatted as the commander of a coalition force in support of such campaigns, such as Multi-National Corps – Iraq. A majority of eminent generals in the 2000s and 2010s either served as three-star field commanders or coalition commanders in the Middle Eastern theater of operations, including John Abizaid, David Petraeus, Peter Chiarelli,[66] Raymond Odierno and Lloyd Austin.
In anticpation of the end of the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan in 2011 and 2021 respectively, Congress moved to sharply reduce general and flag officer caps in directly preceding years, coinciding with the deactivations or American withdrawal from the respective campaigns' attached three-star and four-star commands.[67][68] The latest of these cuts, as part of the National Defense Authorization Act of 2017,[69] reduces the present cap[70] further to 220 for the Army, 151 for the Navy, 187 for the Air Force, and 62 for the Marine Corps.[71]
Modern use[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/LTG_Nadja_West_swear_in.jpeg/170px-LTG_Nadja_West_swear_in.jpeg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/LTG_Reynold_Hoover_Promotion_161024-Z-DZ751-086.jpg/170px-LTG_Reynold_Hoover_Promotion_161024-Z-DZ751-086.jpg)
There are presently 37 three-star billets in the United States Army. Aside from the conventional role of lieutenant generals as corps or field army commanders, said billets also include senior staff positions under the authority of the four-star chief and vice chief of staff (such as the director of the Army staff), high-level specialty positions[72] like the judge advocate general,[73] chief of engineers,[74] surgeon general[74] and chief of Army Reserve,[75] deputy commanders of four-star Army commands and the commanders of the Army service component commands.[76] The superintendent of the United States Military Academy has also been a lieutenant general without interruption since 1981, as has been the director of the Army National Guard[77] since 2001.[78]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Army_swears_in%2C_promotes_new_inspector_general_03.jpg/170px-Army_swears_in%2C_promotes_new_inspector_general_03.jpg)
About 20 to 30 joint service three-star billets exist at any given time that can be occupied by an Army lieutenant general, among the most prestigious being the director of the Joint Staff (DJS), principal staff advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and historically considered a stepping stone to four-star rank.[79] All deputy commanders of the unified combatant commands are of three-star rank,[80] as are directors of Defense Agencies not headed by a civilian such as the director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIRDIA).[81] Internationally-based three-star positions include the United States military representative to the NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), the commander of Allied Land Command (LANDCOM), and the security coordinator for the Palestinian National Authority in Israel.
Statutory limits, elevations and reductions[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Lt._Gen._A.C._Roper_Promotion_Ceremony_141212-A-IO181-254.jpg/170px-Lt._Gen._A.C._Roper_Promotion_Ceremony_141212-A-IO181-254.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Promotion_of_Lt._Gen._Maria_Gervais_210625-A-GB294-103.jpg/170px-Promotion_of_Lt._Gen._Maria_Gervais_210625-A-GB294-103.jpg)
The U.S. Code states that no more than 38 officers in the U.S. Army may be promoted beyond the rank of major general and below the rank of general on the active duty list.[82] However, the President[82] may designate up to 15 additional three-star appointments, with the condition that for every service branch allotted such additional three-star appointments, an equivalent number must be reduced from other service branches. Other exceptions exist for non-active duty or reserve appointments, as well as other circumstances.[60] As such, three-star positions can be elevated to four-star grade or reduced to two-star grade when necessary, either to highlight their increasing importance to the defense apparatus (or lack thereof) or to achieve parity with equivalent commands in other services or regions. Few three-star positions are set by statute, leading to their increased volatility as they do not require congressional approval to be downgraded.
- A majority of three-star positions stationed in Iraq were either eliminated or downgraded below three-star grade with the end of the Iraq War in 2011 as the United States began drawing down their presence in the country. The billets of the deputy commanding generals of U.S. Forces Iraq and commanders of NATO Training Mission – Iraq were eliminated by December 2011, leaving the chief of Office of Security Cooperation in an advisory role to Iraqi defense and interior officials,[83] which itself was relegated to a two-star post by 2015.
- The vice chief of the National Guard Bureau (renamed director of the joint staff of the National Guard Bureau from 2005 to 2012) became a three-star office for the first time in 2012 with the passing of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, achieving parity with the three-star directors of the Army National Guard and Air National Guard. Lieutenant General Joseph L. Lengyel became the tenth and first three-star general to be vice chief on August 18, 2012.[84][85] This marked a fourth three-star billet allocated to the National Guard, the others being the directors of the National Guard service components and the deputy commander of U.S. Northern Command.[86]
- The commander of the International Security Assistance Force Joint Command (IJC), triple-hatted as deputy commander of U.S. Forces - Afghanistan (USFOR-A) and as commanding general of the formation forward deployed to populate IJC, was active from 2009 to the command's deactivation in 2014. The commanding general of I Corps held the office from 2011 to 2012, V Corps from 2012 to 2013, III Corps from 2013 to 2014, and finally XVIII Airborne Corps until December 2014.[87]
- Allied Joint Force Command Heidelberg (AFC Heidelberg), a three-star headquarters, was deactivated in April 2013,[88] Lieutenant General Frederick B. Hodges, having became the first commander of LANDCOM in December 2012, assumed the responsibilities of AFC Heidelberg and Allied Force Command Madrid upon their deactivations.[89]
- The director of the Army Office of Business Transformation (OBT) was a three-star general until 2018, when retired brigadier general and former deputy director Robin Swan assumed the directorship from Lieutenant General Edward C. Cardon.[90][91]
- The position of the Army Chief Information Officer/G-6 was streamlined into separate offices in August 2020. Lieutenant General became the last commissioned officer to hold the single position, retiring on August 11, 2020.[92] Raj Iyer was subsequently appointed the first civilian Army chief information officer in November 2020,[93] while Major General John B. Morrison Jr. was confirmed for promotion to lieutenant general[94] and became the first deputy chief of staff for cyber (G-6) in August 2020.[95][96][97]
- The position of assistant chief of staff for installation management (ACSIM)[98] office was separated from the office of commanding general of the U.S. Army Installation Management Command in November 2015. Lieutenant General David D. Halverson, the last officer to hold both positions simultaneously, relinquished command of IMCOM to Lieutenant General .[99] ACSIM subsequently transitioned into full deputy chief of staff status in 2019 with Lieutenant General Jason T. Evans becoming the first deputy chief of staff for installations (G-9), succeeding Lieutenant General Gwen Bingham.[100][101]
- The deputy commanding general for futures of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, dual-hatted as director of the U.S. Army Capabilities Integration Center since 2003,[102][103] became the deputy commanding general for futures and concepts of the newly-activated U.S. Army Futures Command in December 2018. ARCIC simultaneously transitioned into the Futures and Concepts Center.[104] Lieutenant General Eric J. Wesley, the last deputy commanding general for futures retained the new office until 2020, when he was succeeded by Lieutenant General Scott McKean.[105]
- The commanding general of U.S. Army Pacific became a four-star billet in July 2013 to achieve parity with other subordinate commands in the region as well as improve communications with foreign military counterparts. Lieutenant General Francis J. Wiercinski, the last three-star general to command USARPAC relinquished command to General Vincent K. Brooks on July 2, 2013.[106][107]
- The commanding general of U.S. Army Europe, after nine years as a three-star's billet due to the disestablishment of Seventh Army in 2010, was restored to four-star grade in October 2020 with the consolidation of USAREUR and U.S. Army Africa into a single command, U.S. Army Europe and Africa in November of the same year.[108][109] Lieutenant General Christopher G. Cavoli consequently became the last three-star commanding general of U.S. Army Europe and the first commanding general of U.S. Army Europe and Africa upon his promotion to general.[108]
While it is rare for three-star or four-star nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn. Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session.
- For example, the nomination of for promotion to lieutenant general and assignment as commanding general of U.S. Army Europe was withdrawn in November 2017[110] after an investigation was launched into the general's inappropriate comment to a female Congressional staffer.[111] As a result, Gonsalves was administratively reprimanded and retired in May 2018.[111][112][113]
Additionally, events that take place after Senate confirmation may still delay or even prevent the nominee from assuming office.
- For example, John G. Rossi, who had been confirmed for promotion to lieutenant general[114] and assignment as the commanding general of the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command in April 2016[115] committed suicide two days before his scheduled promotion and assumption of command.[116] As a result, the then incumbent commander of USASMDC, David L. Mann, remained in command beyond statutory term limits until another nominee, James H. Dickinson was confirmed by the Senate.[117]
Legislative history[]
The following list of Congressional legislation includes all acts of Congress pertaining to appointments to the grade of lieutenant general in the United States Army since 2010.[118]
Each entry lists an act of Congress, its citation in the United States Statutes at Large or Public Law number, and a summary of the act's relevance, with officers affected by the act bracketed where applicable. Positions listed without reference to rank are assumed to be eligible for officers of three-star grade or higher.
Legislation | Citation | Summary |
---|---|---|
Act of January 7, 2011
[Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011] |
124 Stat. 4137 |
|
Act of December 31, 2011
[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012] |
125 Stat. 1298 |
|
Act of December 23, 2016
[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017] |
130 Stat. 2000 |
|
Act of December 12, 2017
[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018] |
131 Stat. 1283 |
|
Gallery[]
Gen. Martin Dempsey, TRADOC commander and Catherine Sterling pin Lt. Gen. John E. Sterling Jr. with three stars on May 3, 2010.
Lt. Gen. William E. Ingram, Jr., incoming director of the Army National Guard, is pinned with his three-star rank by Gen. Raymond T. Odierno and Gen. Craig R. McKinley on November 28, 2011.
Lt. Gen. James L. Terry assumes command of United States Army Central from Army vice chief of staff John F. Campbell on June 25, 2013.
Maj. Gen. Perry Wiggins smiles as his father, Lamar, and wife, Annette, pin his lieutenant general rank on him during his promotion ceremony on September 4, 2013.
Army chief of staff Gen. Raymond T. Odierno administers the oath of office to Lt. Gen. Karen E. Dyson, at her promotion ceremony on August 12, 2014.
Gen. Dennis L. Via and his deputy, Lt. Gen. Patricia E. McQuistion stand at attention during McQuistion's retirement ceremony on April 10, 2015.
Lt. Gen. Kenneth R. Dahl takes the reaffirmation oath as he becomes the new commanding general for the U.S. Army Installation Management Command on November 3, 2015.
Maj. Gen. Todd T. Semonite is pinned with the rank of lieutenant general at his promotion ceremony on May 19, 2016.
Army chief of staff Gen. Mark A. Milley presents Lt. Gen. Anthony G. Crutchfield with a portrait of George C. Marshall at his retirement ceremony on April 7, 2017.
Christine Cavoli places the rank of lieutenant general on her husband, Lt. Gen. Christopher G. Cavoli, during his promotion ceremony on January 18, 2018.
Soldiers of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) provide ceremonial support during the retirement ceremony of Lt. Gen. H.R. McMaster on May 18, 2018.
Lt. Gen. Darryl A. Williams assumes duties as the 60th Superintendent of the of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point on July 2, 2018.
USMA Cadet Lauren Karbler and Tim Karbler place three-star rank on their father's uniform on December 6, 2019.
Lt. Gen. Jody J. Daniels (left), the incoming commanding general and chief of U.S. Army Reserve, unveils her three-star flag during her promotion ceremony on July 28, 2020.
FORSCOM commanding general, Gen. Michael X. Garrett, swears in Maj. Gen. Antonio A. Aguto, during Aguto's promotion on July 8, 2021.
Retiring Lt. Gen. Terry R. Ferrell, and his wife, retired Col. Robbie Ferrell, pose following USARCENT's change of command ceremony on August 4, 2021.
See also[]
- Lieutenant general (United States)
- General officers in the United States
- List of active duty United States four-star officers
- List of active duty United States three-star officers
- List of United States Army four-star generals
- List of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960
- List of United States Marine Corps three-star generals since 2010
- List of United States Navy three-star admirals since 2010
- List of United States Air Force three-star generals since 2010
- List of United States Space Force three-star generals
- List of United States military leaders by rank
- Staff (military)
References[]
- ^ a b Dates of rank are taken, where available, from the U.S. Army register of active and retired commissioned officers, the General Officer Management Office, or the National Guard Senior Leader Management Office. The date listed is that of the officer's first promotion to lieutenant general. If such a date cannot be found, the next date substituted should be that of the officer's assumption of his/her first three-star appointment. Failing which, the officer's first Senate confirmation date to lieutenant general should be substituted.
- ^ a b Positions listed are those held by the officer when promoted to lieutenant general. Dates listed are for the officer's full tenure, which may predate promotion to three-star rank or postdate retirement from active duty. Positions held in an acting capacity are italicized.
- ^ a b The number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Date of rank" column from the last year in the "Position" column. Time spent between active-duty three-star assignments is not counted.
- ^ a b Sources of commission are listed in parentheses after the year of commission and include: the United States Military Academy (USMA); Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university; ROTC at a senior military college such as the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), Norwich University (Norwich), Pennsylvania Military College (PMC), University of North Georgia (UNG), or Widener University (Widener); Officer Candidate School (OCS); the aviation cadet program (cadet); the Army National Guard (ARNG); direct commission (direct); and battlefield commission (battlefield).
- ^ a b The number of years in commission before being promoted to three-star rank is approximated by subtracting the year in the "Commission" column from the year in the "Date of rank" column.
- ^ a b Notes include years of birth and death; awards of the Medal of Honor, Congressional Gold Medal, Presidential Medal of Freedom, or honors of similar significance; major government appointments; university presidencies or equivalents; familial relationships with significant military officers or government officials such as U.S. Presidents, cabinet secretaries, U.S. Senators, or state governors; and unusual career events such as premature relief or death in office.
- ^ "Linkedin - LTG(R) William N. Phillips". Linkedin. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
- ^ Served as Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR).
- ^ a b Served as Chief, National Guard Bureau (CNGB).
- ^ a b c d e f g h Served as a combatant commander (CCDR).
- ^ a b c d Served as Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (VCSA).
- ^ Retired, 1 Feb 2014.
- ^ Retired, 11 Feb 2016.
- ^ a b Served as Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (CSA).
- ^ Served as Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS).
- ^ Term extended beyond statutory limits due to the death of his confirmed successor, John G. Rossi.
- ^ Position jointly held with Marine Corps lieutenant general Vincent Stewart for full tenure.
- ^ Reverted to major general, Mar 2019; retired as lieutenant general, 3 Aug 2020.
- ^ Nomination to be Vice Chief, National Guard Bureau (VCNGB) returned to the President, 2020.
- ^ Relieved with reversion to major general, Nov 2015; retired as brigadier general, May 2017.
- ^ Died of pancreatic cancer, 7 Oct 2018.
- ^ Retired, 8 Jan 2020.
- ^ Retired as major general, Dec 2019.
- ^ Promoted directly from rank of brigadier general.
- ^ Nomination as U.S. Ambassador to Qatar withdrawn, 2021.
- ^ Jensen's effective date of rank is August 3, 2020, which is seven days before he assumed the office of director of the Army National Guard.
- ^ Acts of May 28, 1798, and March 3, 1799. Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part One.
- ^ Senate Journal, 33rd Congress, 2nd session, 28 February 1855, 409: Nomination of Winfield Scott
- ^ Acts of March 3, 1857, and August 3, 1861. Fry, pp. 208–209; Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part Five.
- ^ Acts of July 28, 1866; July 15, 1870; and June 1, 1888. Bell, p. 24.
- ^ Act of February 5, 1895. Connelly, p. 313.
- ^ "Our Military Needs—Set Forth by General Miles to House Military Committee", The Daily Review, p. 1, December 13, 1898; Connelly, p. 331.
- ^ For statutory definitions of "general officer of the line" and "general officer of the staff," see Sec. 4, Act of June 3, 1916.
- ^ Act of June 6, 1900.
- ^ Act of February 2, 1901.
- ^ "Sumner And Wood To Be Major Generals; Thirty-three Officers to be Promoted and Retired", The New York Times, p. 3, July 18, 1903; "Bates To Succeed Chaffee; He Will Be Retired Soon to Make Way for Corbin", The New York Times, p. 3, June 18, 1905.
- ^ "The Chief Of Staff", The New York Times, p. 6, December 17, 1905; "Gen. Corbin", The New York Times, p. 10, April 22, 1906.
- ^ "Corbin And MacArthur Win - Plan to Abolish Grade of Lieutenant General Is Defeated", The New York Times, p. 3, February 28, 1906.
- ^ Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part Three.
- ^ Act of March 2, 1907. "Gen. MacArthur Plans To Retire; Ranking Officer of the Army Tires of His Anomalous Position", The New York Times, p. 6, March 30, 1907; Young, The General's General, pp. 332–334.
- ^ Acts of July 15, 1870, and October 6, 1917. "Pershing To Be Given Rank Solely Of "General"—Measure Providing for Chief of Staff and Other Promotions—Need Prestige—American Officers in Europe Now Too Far Outranked", The Fresno Morning Republican, p. 1, October 3, 1917.
- ^ "Liggett Promoted, Bullard Also - Commanders of First and Second Field Armies to be Lieutenant Generals", The New York Times, p. 10, October 22, 1918.
- ^ Act of June 4, 1920. Coffman, pp. 194–195.
- ^ "Chamberlain Wants Wood and Goethals Made Lieutenant Generals With Crowder", The New York Times, p. 21, October 7, 1919; "Senate Votes Rank To Crowder Only - Rejects Chamberlain's Amendment to Promote Other Army Leaders Also", The New York Times, p. 5, October 8, 1919; "Pershing For His Generals - Asks Higher Rank for Liggett, Bullard, Harbord, McAndrew, Dickman", The New York Times, p. 12, November 6, 1919; "Six Lieutenant Generals; House Bill Names Liggett, Bullard, Dickman, Crowder, Wood, Morrison", The New York Times, p. 48, January 10, 1923.
- ^ Act of March 4, 1915. "Jadwin To Get Pay Of Obsolete Rank - Retired Officer Is on List as Lieutenant General; Grade Abolished", The Washington Post, p. R9, September 22, 1929.
- ^ Act of June 21, 1930. "Promotion Deserved And Withheld", The New York Times, p. 12, August 10, 1929; "Retired Officers Get Army War Rank - Under Law Passed in June 695 Are Advanced Without Increased Pay", The New York Times, p. 37, August 20, 1930.
- ^ Acts of June 13, 1940, and July 9, 1942. Army Register.
- ^ Act of February 23, 1929. "Proposes Rankings Of General In Army; War Secretary Submits Bill to Raise Chief of Staff and Territorial Heads", The New York Times, p. 12, January 22, 1928; Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part Four.
- ^ Acts of August 5, 1939, and July 31, 1940. "Army Renews Rank of Lieutenant General; H.A. Drum, S.H. Ford, S.D. Embick and A.J. Bowley Advanced to World War Grade", The New York Times, p. 38, August 8, 1939.
- ^ Act of August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947]. Army Register.
- ^ Acts of June 29, 1943, and June 29, 1948 [Army and Air Force Vitalization and Retirement Equalization Act of 1948]. Army Register; Anderson, pp. 193–197; Dorn, p. I-1.
- ^ Act of September 9, 1940. Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part Four.
- ^ Acts of June 29, 1943; August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947]; and June 24, 1948 [Army and Air Force Vitalization and Retirement Equalization Act of 1948].
- ^ "Knudsen the Only Civilian To Enter Army at His Rank", The New York Times, p. 9, January 17, 1942.
- ^ Acts of July 27, 1947 [National Security Act of 1947], and August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947].
- ^ Mylander, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Norris, John G. (December 16, 1947), "Truman Picks Five Generals For High Command Promotion", The Washington Post, p. 1
- ^ Acts of November 5, 1990 [National Defense Authorization Act Year 1991], October 23, 1992 [National Defense Authorization Year 1993], February 10, 1996 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996], September 23, 1996 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997], October 17, 1998 [Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999], October 5, 1999 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000], December 2, 2002 [Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003] and January 2, 2012 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013].
- ^ A History of the Defense Intelligence Agency. DIA Office of Historical Research, 2007. Retrieved: September 25, 2013.
- ^ Act of October 30, 2000 [National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2001]
- ^ Act of April 14, 2008 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008], Section 543
- ^ George W. Bush (September 14, 2001). "Declaration of National Emergency by Reason Of Certain Terrorist Attacks". Office of the Press Secretary, The White House.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 527 - Authority to suspend sections 523, 525, and 526.
- ^ David Cloud, Greg Jaffe (October 13, 2009). The Fourth Star: Four Generals and the Epic Struggle for the Future of the United States Army. ISBN 978-0307409072.
- ^ Whitlock, Craig (December 28, 2011). "Pentagon trimming ranks of generals, admirals". The Washington Post.
- ^ Clark, James (May 16, 2016). "Does The US Military Have Too Many Generals?". Task & Purpose.
- ^ Act of December 23, 2016 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017], Div A., Title V, Section 501
- ^ see "Modern use" section
- ^ For officers in specialty career paths such as the JAG Corps, Medical Corps, or Army Reserve, these positions are the highest they can attain. There have been exceptions, such as when Maryanne Miller was promoted to general in 2018, becoming the first Air Force Reserve officer to reach four-star rank.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7037 - Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General, and general officers of Judge Advocate General’s Corps: appointment; duties.
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 7036 - Chiefs of branches: appointment; duties.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7038 - Office of Army Reserve: appointment of Chief.
- ^ with the exception of U.S. Army Europe and Africa (a four-star billet) and U.S. Army South (a two-star [one-star promotable] billet)
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 10506 - Other senior National Guard Bureau officers.
- ^ "PUBLIC LAW 106–398—OCT. 30, 2000, National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2001" (PDF). U.S. Government Publishing Office. October 30, 2000.
- ^ Woodward, Bob (2006). State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III. Simon and Schuster. pp. 22, 40. ISBN 978-0-7432-7223-0.
scott fry joint staff.
- ^ The deputy commander of U.S. European Command was a four-star position until 2007, when it was reduced in rank to make way for the establishment of U.S. Africa Command, commanded by a four-star general or admiral. Coincidentally, the last four-star deputy commander of USEUCOM, General William E. Ward, also became the first commander of USAFRICOM.
- ^ "ON RAISING THE RANK OF THE CHIEF OF THE NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU" (PDF). Library of Congress. February 2007.
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 525 - Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades.
- ^ "Assessment of the DoD Establishment of the Office of Security Cooperation-Iraq" (PDF). U.S. Department of Defense Inspector General. March 16, 2012.
- ^ Greenhill, Jim (June 19, 2012). "Air Force Maj. Gen. Joseph Lengyel nominated as vice chief, National Guard Bureau". DVIDS.
- ^ Greenhill, Jim (July 26, 2012). "Chief, vice chief of National Guard Bureau confirmed". DVIDS.
- ^ Per the National Defense Authorization Act of 2008, at least one deputy commander of USNORTHCOM must be a National Guard or Reserve general or flag officer unless the commander is already such an officer. See [1] Pub.L. 110-181: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, and [2] Pub.L. 110-181: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 full text
- ^ "ISAF Joint Command in Afghanistan Formally Ceases Operations". U.S Department of Defense. ISAF Public Affairs. December 8, 2014.
- ^ Millham, Matt (March 14, 2013). "After 61 Years, NATO Headquarters in Heidelberg Deactivates". Stripes.
- ^ "LANDCOM ACTIVATION". Allied Land Command. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ "Mr. Robin Swan" (PDF). Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ Jacques S. Gansler; William Lucyshyn. "Defense Business Transformation" (PDF). Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ Mitchell, Billy. "Army CIO Lt. Gen. Bruce Crawford retires". FedScoop.
- ^ "Army gets new Chief Information Officer". U.S. Army. Office of the Chief Information Officer. 2020-11-24.
- ^ "PN2034 — Maj. Gen. John B. Morrison Jr. — Army, 116th Congress (2019-2020)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
- ^ Andrew Eversden and Mark Pomerleau (July 15, 2020). "Morrison nominated for one the Army's top IT jobs". C4ISRNet.
- ^ Miller, Jason (October 28, 2020). "The four pillars of focus for the Army's new technology office".
- ^ "Lieutenant General John B. Morrison Jr. (USA)". GOMO. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
- ^ Established in July 1993 by General Order-15, the ACSIM office was established to advise on garrison and installation operations for effective integration with Army installations at the base level. Starting in 2006, the commanding general of the U.S. Army Installation Management Command was dual-hatted as ACSIM.
- ^ Staff Sgt. Joshua Ford (2015-11-05). "Dahl promoted, takes command of U.S. Army IMCOM".
- ^ Martin, Nichols (September 30, 2019). "Senate Confirms Lt. Gen. Jason Evans for New Army Installation Leadership Role". Executive Gov.
- ^ "DCS G-9 - About Us". Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ "A History of the Army's Future: 1990-2018 v.20" (PDF). U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center.
- ^ known as the Futures Center until 2006
- ^ Michael Vernon Voss (December 10, 2018). "ARCIC transitions from TRADOC to AFC". U.S. Army.
- ^ "McKean promoted to Lt. Gen.; assumes responsibilities at AFC, FCC". DVIDS. November 2, 2020.
- ^ Staff Sgt. Amber Robinson (July 2, 2013). "USARPAC becomes 4-star headquarters during change of command". U.S. Army. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
- ^ Articola, Garry (July 9, 2013). "U.S. Army Pacific Elevated To Four-Star Command, Furthering Policy". Defense Daily. Retrieved June 5, 2021.
- ^ a b Judson, Jen (October 9, 2020). "US Army Europe and US Army Africa to merge as commander pins on fourth star". Defense News.
- ^ "US Army Europe, Africa now consolidated". EUCOM. November 23, 2021.
- ^ "PN762 — Maj. Gen. Ryan F. Gonsalves — Army, 115th Congress (2017-2018)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
- ^ a b Myers, Meghann (January 6, 2018). "Army 2-star loses promotion after calling congressional staffer 'sweetheart'". Army Times.
- ^ Bryant, David A. (January 10, 2018). "Army general now 'special assistant' after 'sweetheart' comment to female staffer". KDH News.
- ^ Vandiver, John (May 3, 2018). "General Retires 6 Months After 'Unprofessional' Behavior". Military.com.
- ^ "PN1329 — Maj. Gen. John G. Rossi — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
- ^ "Rossi confirmed for appointment to SMDC". USASMDC/ARSTRAT Public Affairs. May 3, 2016.
- ^ "Army: Two-star general committed suicide on Alabama military base". CBS News. Associated Press. October 28, 2016.
- ^ "PN1823 — Maj. Gen. James H. Dickinson — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
- ^ Legislative history compiled from the U.S. Congress official website and U.S. Government Publishing Office official website.
- ^ redesignated director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau by NDAA 2005
- ^ "10 USC 720: Chief of Staff to President: appointment". www.uscode.house.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
- ^ "§203. Director of Missile Defense Agency". www.uscode.house.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
- ^ "§711. Senior members of Military Staff Committee of United Nations: appointment". www.uscode.house.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
- ^ "§10506. Other senior National Guard Bureau officers". www.uscode.house.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
- Lists of generals
- Lists of American military personnel
- United States Army generals
- United States Army lists
- Three-star officers