List of active duty United States three-star officers
There are currently 164 active-duty three-star officers in the uniformed services of the United States: 51 in the Army, 18 in the Marine Corps, 38 in the Navy, 45 in the Air Force, 6 in the Space Force, 4 in the Coast Guard, 1 in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, 0 in the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps, and 1 in the Maritime Service.
List of designated three-star positions[]
Department of Defense[]
Office of the Secretary of Defense[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct reporting officers | ||||
Senior Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense | Lieutenant General Randy A. George |
U.S. Army | ||
National intelligence agencies | ||||
Director, Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) | Lieutenant General Scott D. Berrier |
U.S. Army | ||
Director, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) | Vice Admiral Robert D. Sharp Retiring[1] |
U.S. Navy | ||
Defense Agencies | ||||
Director, Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) | Lieutenant General David G. Bassett |
U.S. Army | ||
Director, Defense Health Agency (DHA) | Lieutenant General Ronald J. Place |
U.S. Army | ||
Director, Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) and Commander, Joint Force Headquarters Department of Defense Information Network (JFHQ-DoDIN) |
Lieutenant General Robert J. Skinner |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Director, Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) | Vice Admiral Michelle C. Skubic |
U.S. Navy | ||
Director, Missile Defense Agency (MDA) | Vice Admiral Jon A. Hill |
U.S. Navy |
Joint Staff[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Office of the Joint Staff | ||||
Director of the Joint Staff (DJS) | Lieutenant General Andrew P. Poppas |
U.S. Army | ||
Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (ACJCS) | Vice Admiral Colin J. Kilrain |
U.S. Navy | ||
Joint Staff directorates | ||||
Director for Intelligence (J-2), Joint Staff | Vice Admiral Frank D. Whitworth III |
U.S. Navy | ||
Director for Operations (J-3), Joint Staff | Lieutenant General James J. Mingus |
U.S. Army | ||
Director for Logistics (J-4), Joint Staff | Lieutenant General Sam C. Barrett |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Director for Strategy, Plans and Policy (J-5), Joint Staff and Senior Member, United States Delegation to the United Nations Military Staff Committee |
Vice Admiral Lisa M. Franchetti |
U.S. Navy | ||
Director, Command, Control, Communications and Computers and Cyber and Chief Information Officer (J-6), Joint Staff |
Lieutenant General Dennis A. Crall |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Director for Joint Force Development (J-7), Joint Staff | Vice Admiral Stuart B. Munsch |
U.S. Navy | ||
Director of Force Structure, Resources and Assessment (J-8), Joint Staff | Vice Admiral Ronald A. Boxall |
U.S. Navy |
Unified Combatant Commands[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unified combatant commands | ||||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) | Lieutenant General Kirk W. Smith |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) | Vice Admiral James J. Malloy |
U.S. Navy | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) | Lieutenant General Charles L. Moore Jr. |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) | Lieutenant General Michael L. Howard |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) | Lieutenant General Stephen D. Sklenka |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) and Vice Commander, U.S. Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) |
Lieutenant General A.C. Roper Jr. |
U.S. Army | ||
Military Deputy Commander, U.S. Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) | Lieutenant General Andrew A. Croft |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Space Command (USSPACECOM) | Lieutenant General John E. Shaw |
U.S. Space Force | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) | Vice Admiral Collin P. Green |
U.S. Navy | ||
Vice Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) | Vacant | |||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) | Lieutenant General Thomas A. Bussiere |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) | Vice Admiral Dee L. Mewbourne |
U.S. Navy |
Other joint positions[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
National Guard | ||||
Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau (VCNGB) | Lieutenant General Marc H. Sasseville |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Sub-unified commands | ||||
Alaska Commander, Alaskan Command (ALCOM) and Commander, Eleventh Air Force (11 AF) |
Lieutenant General David A. Krumm |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Japan Commander, U.S. Forces Japan (USFJ) and Commander, Fifth Air Force (5 AF) |
Lieutenant General Ricky N. Rupp |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) and Commander, Joint Special Operations Command Forward, U.S. Special Operations Command |
Lieutenant General Bryan P. Fenton |
U.S. Army | ||
Special activities (domestic) | ||||
Director, Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC) | Lieutenant General Michael S. Groen |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
President, National Defense University (NDU) | Lieutenant General Michael T. Plehn |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Program Executive Officer, F-35 Lightning II Joint Program Office | Lieutenant General Eric T. Fick |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Director's Advisor for Military Affairs, Office of the Director of National Intelligence | Lieutenant General Jeffrey A. Kruse |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Associate Director for Military Affairs, Central Intelligence Agency | Lieutenant General John D. Caine |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Special activities (international) | ||||
Deputy Chair of the NATO Military Committee (DCMC) | Lieutenant General Lance K. Landrum |
U.S. Air Force | ||
U.S. Military Representative to the NATO Military Committee (USMILREP) | Lieutenant General E. John Deedrick Jr. |
U.S. Army | ||
Commander, NATO Special Operations Headquarters (NSHQ) | Lieutenant General Antonio M. Fletcher |
U.S. Army | ||
Commander, Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) | Lieutenant General Roger L. Cloutier Jr. |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Capability Development, Headquarters Allied Command Transformation (ACT) | Lieutenant General David J. Julazadeh |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Israel United States Security Coordinator, Israel-Palestinian Authority |
Lieutenant General Michael R. Fenzel |
U.S. Army |
Department of the Army[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Office of the Secretary | ||||
Director of Hypersonics, Directed Energy, Space and Rapid Acquisition, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) | Lieutenant General L. Neil Thurgood |
U.S. Army | ||
Military Deputy for Budget to the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller) | Lieutenant General Paul A. Chamberlain |
U.S. Army | ||
Inspector General of the United States Army (IG) | Lieutenant General Donna W. Martin |
U.S. Army |
United States Army[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Army Staff | ||||
Director of the Army Staff | Lieutenant General Walter E. Piatt |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel (G-1) | Lieutenant General Gary M. Brito |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (G-2) | Lieutenant General Laura A. Potter |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Plans, and Training (G-3/5/7) | Lieutenant General James E. Rainey |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (G-4) | Vacant | U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Command, Control, Communications, Cyber Operations and Networks (G-6) | Lieutenant General John B. Morrison Jr. |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Programs (G-8) | Lieutenant General Erik C. Peterson |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Installations (G-9) | Lieutenant General Jason T. Evans |
U.S. Army | ||
Judge Advocate General's Corps | ||||
Judge Advocate General of the United States Army (TJAG) and Dean, U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School |
Lieutenant General Stuart W. Risch |
U.S. Army | ||
Army commands (and subordinated units) | ||||
Deputy Commanding General and Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) |
Lieutenant General Paul T. Calvert |
U.S. Army | ||
Chief of the United States Army Reserve (CAR) and Commanding General, U.S. Army Reserve Command (USARC) |
Lieutenant General Jody J. Daniels |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, U.S. Army Futures Command (AFC) and Deputy Commanding General for Combat Development, U.S. Army Futures Command (AFC) |
Lieutenant General James M. Richardson Acting |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Commanding General for Acquisition and Systems Management, U.S. Army Futures Command (AFC) and Director, Combat Systems Directorate (CSD) |
Lieutenant General Thomas H. Todd III |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Commanding General for Futures and Concepts, U.S. Army Futures Command (AFC) and Director, Futures and Concepts Center (FCC) |
Lieutenant General D. Scott McKean |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Commanding General and Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC) and Senior Commander, Redstone Arsenal |
Lieutenant General Flem B. Walker Jr. |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, U.S. Army Installation Management Command (IMCOM) | Lieutenant General Douglas M. Gabram |
U.S. Army | ||
Deputy Commanding General and Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) |
Lieutenant General Maria R. Gervais |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center (USACAC), Commandant, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC) Executive Vice Chancellor, Army University (ArmyU) and Commanding General, Fort Leavenworth |
Lieutenant General Theodore D. Martin |
U.S. Army | ||
Army service component commands | ||||
Commanding General, U.S. Army Central (ARCENT) and Commanding General, Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) |
Lieutenant General Ronald P. Clark |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, U.S. Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) | Lieutenant General Stephen G. Fogarty Retiring[2] |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, U.S. Army North (ARNORTH) and Senior Commander, Fort Sam Houston and Camp Bullis |
Lieutenant General John R. Evans Jr. |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) | Lieutenant General Jonathan P. Braga |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/U.S. Army Forces Strategic Command (USASMDC/ARSTRAT) and Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense (JFCC IMD)[3] |
Lieutenant General Daniel L. Karbler |
U.S. Army | ||
Direct reporting units | ||||
Principal Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) and Director, U.S. Army Acquisition Corps (AAC) |
Lieutenant General Robert L. Marion |
U.S. Army | ||
United States Army Chief of Engineers (COE) and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) |
Lieutenant General Scott A. Spellmon |
U.S. Army | ||
Surgeon General of the United States Army (TSG), Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) and Chief, Army Medical Department (AMEDD) |
Lieutenant General R. Scott Dingle |
U.S. Army | ||
Superintendent of the United States Military Academy (USMA) | Lieutenant General Darryl A. Williams |
U.S. Army | ||
Operating forces | ||||
Commanding General, First Army | Lieutenant General Antonio A. Aguto Jr. |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, Eighth United States Army and Chief of Staff, ROK/US Combined Forces Command (CFC) |
Lieutenant General Willard M. Burleson III |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, I Corps and Commanding General, Joint Base Lewis-McChord |
Lieutenant General Xavier T. Brunson |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, III Corps and Commanding General, Fort Hood |
Lieutenant General Robert P. White |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, V Corps | Lieutenant General John S. Kolasheski |
U.S. Army | ||
Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps and Commanding General, Fort Bragg |
Lieutenant General Christopher T. Donahue |
U.S. Army | ||
Army National Guard | ||||
Director, Army National Guard (ARNG) | Lieutenant General Jon A. Jensen |
U.S. Army | ||
In transit | ||||
Lieutenant General Michael E. Kurilla Promotable |
U.S. Army | |||
Suspended | ||||
Lieutenant General Duane A. Gamble |
U.S. Army |
[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Office of the Secretary | ||||
Principal Military Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition) | Vice Admiral Francis D. Morley |
U.S. Navy | ||
Naval Inspector General (NAVIG) and Special Assistant for Inspection Support (N09G) |
Vice Admiral John V. Fuller |
U.S. Navy | ||
Judge Advocate General of the Navy (JAG), Special Assistant for Legal Services (N09J) and Department of Defense Representative for Ocean Policy Affairs (REPOPA) |
Vice Admiral Darse E. Crandall Jr. |
U.S. Navy |
United States Marine Corps[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Headquarters Marine Corps | ||||
Director of the Marine Corps Staff (DMCS) | Lieutenant General Gregg P. Olson |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Deputy Commandant for Manpower and Reserve Affairs (DC M&RA) | Lieutenant General David A. Ottignon |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Deputy Commandant for Plans, Policies, and Operations (DC, PP&O) | Lieutenant General David J. Furness |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Deputy Commandant for Aviation (DCA) | Lieutenant General Mark R. Wise |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Deputy Commandant, Installations and Logistics (DC I&L) | Lieutenant General Edward D. Banta |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Deputy Commandant, Combat Development and Integration (DC, CD&I) and Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) | Lieutenant General Karsten S. Heckl |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Deputy Commandant for Programs and Resources (DC P&R) | Lieutenant General Christopher J. Mahoney |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Deputy Commandant for Information (DCI) and Commander, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Strategic Command (MARFORSTRAT) |
Lieutenant General Matthew G. Glavy |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Supporting establishment | ||||
Commanding General, U.S. Marine Corps Training and Education Command (TECOM) | Lieutenant General Kevin M. Iiams |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Operating forces | ||||
Commander, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Command (MARFORCOM), Commander, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Northern Command (MARFORNORTH) and Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic (FMFLANT) |
Lieutenant General Michael E. Langley |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Commanding General, II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF) | Lieutenant General William M. Jurney |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Commander, U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (MARFORPAC) and Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific (FMFPAC) |
Lieutenant General Steven R. Rudder |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Commanding General, I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) | Lieutenant General George W. Smith Jr. |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Commanding General, III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) and Commander, Marine Forces Japan (MARFORJ) |
Lieutenant General James W. Bierman Jr. |
U.S. Marine Corps | ||
Marine Forces Reserve | ||||
Commander, Marine Forces Reserve (MARFORRES) and Commander, U.S. Marine Corps Forces, South (MARFORSOUTH) |
Lieutenant General David G. Bellon |
U.S. Marine Corps |
[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations | ||||
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Manpower, Personnel, Training, and Education (N1/NT) and Chief of Naval Personnel (CNP) |
Vice Admiral John B. Nowell Jr. |
U.S. Navy | ||
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Information Warfare (N2/N6) and Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI) |
Vice Admiral Jeffrey E. Trussler |
U.S. Navy | ||
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Operations, Plans and Strategy (N3/N5) | Vice Admiral William R. Merz |
U.S. Navy | ||
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Fleet Readiness and Logistics (N4) | Vice Admiral Ricky L. Williamson |
U.S. Navy | ||
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfighting Development (N7) | Vice Admiral Jeffrey W. Hughes |
U.S. Navy | ||
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Integration of Capabilities and Resources (N8) | Vice Admiral Randy B. Crites |
U.S. Navy | ||
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfighting Requirements and Capabilities (N9) | Vice Admiral Scott D. Conn |
U.S. Navy | ||
Chief of Navy Reserve (N095) and Commander, Navy Reserve Force (CNRF) |
Vice Admiral John B. Mustin |
U.S. Navy | ||
Type commands | ||||
Commander, Naval Air Forces (COMNAVAIRFOR) and Commander, Naval Air Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMNAVAIRPAC) |
Vice Admiral Kenneth R. Whitesell |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, Naval Information Forces (NAVIFOR) | Vice Admiral Kelly A. Aeschbach |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, Submarine Forces (COMSUBFOR), Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (COMSUBLANT), Commander, Allied Submarine Command (ASC), Commander, Task Force 114 (CTF-114),[4] Commander, Task Force 88 (CTF-88) and Commander, Task Force 46 (CTF-46) |
Vice Admiral William J. Houston |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, Naval Surface Forces (COMNAVSURFOR) and Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMNAVSURFPAC) |
Vice Admiral Roy I. Kitchener |
U.S. Navy | ||
Operating forces (and subordinated units) | ||||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces Command (USFF), Deputy Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Northern Command (NAVNORTH), Deputy Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Strategic Command (NAVSTRAT) and Commander, Task Force 80 (CTF-80) |
Vice Admiral James W. Kilby |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, U.S. Second Fleet (C2F), Commander, Joint Force Command – Norfolk (JFC-NF) and Director, Combined Joint Operations from the Sea Center of Excellence (CJOS COE) |
Vice Admiral Daniel W. Dwyer |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, U.S. Sixth Fleet (C6F), Commander, Task Force Six, Commander, Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO (COMSTRIKFORNATO), Deputy Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa (CNE-CNA) and Joint Force Maritime Component Commander Europe |
Vice Admiral Eugene H. Black III |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, U.S. Third Fleet (C3F) | Vice Admiral Stephen T. Koehler |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, U.S. Seventh Fleet (C7F) | Vice Admiral Karl O. Thomas |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT), Commander, U.S. Fifth Fleet (C5F) and Commander, Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) |
Vice Admiral Charles B. Cooper II |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, U.S. Fleet Cyber Command (FCC), Commander, U.S. Tenth Fleet (C10F) and Commander, U.S. Navy Space Command (CNSC) |
Vice Admiral Ross A. Myers |
U.S. Navy | ||
Shore establishment | ||||
Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) | Vice Admiral William J. Galinis |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) | Vice Admiral Carl P. Chebi |
U.S. Navy | ||
Commander, Navy Installations Command (CNIC) | Vice Admiral Yancy B. Lindsey |
U.S. Navy | ||
Director for Strategic Systems Programs (SSP) | Vice Admiral Johnny R. Wolfe Jr. |
U.S. Navy | ||
Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy (USNA) | Vice Admiral Sean S. Buck |
U.S. Navy |
Department of the Air Force[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Office of the Secretary | ||||
Military Deputy, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (SAF/AQ) | Lieutenant General Duke Z. Richardson |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force (DAF/IG) | Lieutenant General Stephen L. Davis |
U.S. Air Force |
United States Air Force[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Air Staff | ||||
Director of Staff of the United States Air Force (AF/DS) | Lieutenant General Kevin B. Schneider |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower, Personnel and Services (A1) | Lieutenant General Brian T. Kelly Retiring[5] |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Cyber Effects Operations (A2/6) | Lieutenant General Mary F. O'Brien |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations (A3) | Lieutenant General Joseph T. Guastella Jr. |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, Engineering and Force Protection (A4) | Lieutenant General Warren D. Berry |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategy, Integration and Requirements (A5) | Lieutenant General S. Clinton Hinote |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs (A8) | Lieutenant General David S. Nahom |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Staff for Strategic Deterrence and Nuclear Integration (A10) | Lieutenant General James C. Dawkins Jr. |
U.S. Air Force | ||
United States Air Force Judge Advocate General (AF/JA) | Lieutenant General Jeffrey A. Rockwell Retiring[6] |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Surgeon General of the United States Air Force (AF/SG) and Surgeon General of the United States Space Force (SF/SG) |
Lieutenant General (Dr.) Robert I. Miller |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Direct reporting units | ||||
Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) | Lieutenant General Richard M. Clark |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Air Force major commands (and subordinated units) | ||||
Deputy Commander, Air Combat Command (ACC) | Lieutenant General Russell L. Mack |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, First Air Force (Air Forces Northern/AFNORTH) (1 AF), Commander, Continental U.S. NORAD Region (CONR), Combined Force Air Component Commander for North American Aerospace Defense Command and Joint Force Air Component Commander for U.S. Northern Command |
Lieutenant General Kirk S. Pierce |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, Ninth Air Force (9 AF), Commander, U.S. Air Forces Central Command (USAFCENT) and Combined Forces Air Component Commander, U.S. Central Command |
Lieutenant General Gregory M. Guillot |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber/AFCYBER) (16 AF) and Commander, Joint Force Headquarters – Cyber (JFHQ-C) |
Lieutenant General Timothy D. Haugh |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, Air Education and Training Command (AETC) | Lieutenant General Marshall B. Webb |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander and President, Air University | Lieutenant General James B. Hecker |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC) and Deputy Commander, Air Forces Strategic-Air, U.S. Strategic Command |
Lieutenant General Mark E. Weatherington |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) | Lieutenant General Carl E. Schaefer |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) and Program Executive Officer for the Rapid Sustainment Office |
Lieutenant General Shaun Q. Morris |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, Air Force Sustainment Center (AFSC) | Lieutenant General Tom D. Miller |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Chief of Air Force Reserve (AF/RE) and Commander, Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) |
Lieutenant General Richard W. Scobee |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) | Lieutenant General James C. Slife |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, Air Mobility Command (AMC) | Lieutenant General Brian S. Robinson |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) and Deputy Theater Air Component Commander to the Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command |
Lieutenant General James A. Jacobson |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Commander, Seventh Air Force (Air Forces Korea) (7 AF), Commander, Air Component Command, United Nations Command (UNC), Commander, Air Component Command, ROK/US Combined Forces Command (CFC) and Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) |
Lieutenant General Scott L. Pleus |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Deputy Commander, U.S. Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA) | Lieutenant General Steven L. Basham |
U.S. Air Force | ||
Air National Guard | ||||
Director, Air National Guard (ANG) | Lieutenant General Michael A. Loh |
U.S. Air Force |
United States Space Force[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Space Staff | ||||
Director of Staff of the United States Space Force (SF/DS) | Lieutenant General Nina M. Armagno |
U.S. Space Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear (S2/3/4/6/7/10) | Lieutenant General B. Chance Saltzman |
U.S. Space Force | ||
Deputy Chief of Space Operations for Strategy, Plans, Programs, Requirements, and Analysis (S5/8/9) | Lieutenant General William J. Liquori Jr. |
U.S. Space Force | ||
Field commands | ||||
Commander, Space Operations Command (SpOC) | Lieutenant General Stephen N. Whiting |
U.S. Space Force | ||
Commander, Space Systems Command (SSC) | Lieutenant General Michael A. Guetlein |
U.S. Space Force |
Department of Homeland Security[]
United States Coast Guard[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Headquarters support units | ||||
Deputy Commandant for Operations (DCO) | Vice Admiral Scott A. Buschman |
U.S. Coast Guard | ||
Deputy Commandant for Mission Support (DCMS) | Vice Admiral Paul F. Thomas |
U.S. Coast Guard | ||
Area commands | ||||
Commander, Coast Guard Atlantic Area (USCGLANTAREA) and Director, Department of Homeland Security Joint Task Force – East (JTF-E) |
Vice Admiral Steven D. Poulin |
U.S. Coast Guard | ||
Commander, Coast Guard Pacific Area (PACAREA) and Commander, Defense Force West |
Vice Admiral Michael F. McAllister |
U.S. Coast Guard |
Department of Health and Human Services[]
United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Office of the Surgeon General | ||||
Surgeon General of the United States (SG) | Vice Admiral Vivek H. Murthy |
U.S. Public Health Service |
Department of Commerce[]
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
Office of the Director | ||||
Director, NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps and Director, NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations (OMAO) |
Currently held by a two-star admiral[7] | NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps |
Department of Transportation[]
United States Maritime Service[]
Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
---|---|---|---|---|
United States Merchant Marine Academy | ||||
Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) | Vice Admiral Joachim J. Buono |
U.S. Maritime Service |
List of pending appointments[]
Awaiting reassignment[]
Current position | Designated position insignia | Designated position | Photo | Name | Service branch | Status and date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joint assignments | ||||||
Director for Intelligence (J-2), Joint Staff | Director, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) | Vice Admiral Frank D. Whitworth III |
U.S. Navy |
Confirmed by the Senate 2 February 2022[8][9] | ||
Commanding General, 1st Infantry Division and Commanding General, Fort Riley | Director for Operations (J-3), Joint Staff | Major General Douglas A. Sims II |
U.S. Army |
Confirmed by the Senate 17 February 2022[10][11] | ||
United States Army | ||||||
Director of Operations, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (G-4) |
Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (G-4) | Major General Charles R. Hamilton |
U.S. Army |
Confirmed by the Senate 2 February 2022[12] | ||
Commanding General, U.S. Army Network Enterprise Technology Command (NETCOM) | Commanding General, U.S. Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) | Major General Maria B. Barrett |
U.S. Army |
Nomination sent to the Senate 6 December 2021[13][14] | ||
Director for Operations (J-3), Joint Staff | TBA | Lieutenant General James J. Mingus |
U.S. Army |
Nomination sent to the Senate 10 March 2022[15] | ||
Director, Military Personnel Management, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel (G-1) |
TBA | Major General Douglas F. Stitt |
U.S. Army |
Nomination sent to the Senate 2 February 2022[16] |
Statutory limits[]
As with four-star officers, the U.S. Code explicitly limits the number of three-star officers that may be on active duty at any given time. The total number of active-duty general or flag officers is capped at 231 for the Army, 162 for the Navy, 198 for the Air Force, and 62 for the Marine Corps.[17] From December 31, 2022, the cap will be reduced further to 220 for the Army, 151 for the Navy, 187 for the Air Force, and 62 for the Marine Corps.[18] For the Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force, no more than about 21%[19] of each service's active-duty general or flag officers may have more than two stars,[20] and statute sets the total number of three-star officers allowed in each service.[20] This is set at 38 three-star Army generals,[20][21] 27 three-star Navy admirals,[20][22] 30 three-star Air Force generals,[20][23] 15 three-star Marine generals[20][24] and 5 three-star Space Force generals.[25]
While a number of these positions are set by statute, most do not have the accompanying statutory three-star grade. By convention, however:
- For the Army, lieutenant generals constitute corps and field army commanders, deputy and assistant chiefs of staff of the Army staff,[26] deputies of Army four-star commands, commanders of high-level geographic or component commands, the chief of Army reserve,[27] as well as high-level specialty positions[28] including the inspector general,[29] surgeon general,[30] and judge advocate general.[31]
- For the Navy, vice admirals constitute commanders of numbered fleets,[32] deputy chiefs of naval operations,[33] deputies of Navy four-star commands, commanders of high-level geographic and component commands,[32] and specialty positions such as the type commanders of naval air forces, naval submarine forces and naval surface forces, as well as the naval inspector general[34] and judge advocate general.[35]
- For the Air Force, lieutenant generals constitute commanders of large numbered air forces or major commands,[36][37] deputy and assistant chiefs of staff of the Air staff,[38] deputies of four-star major commands, the chief of Air Force Reserve,[39] as well as the specialty positions of the inspector general,[40] surgeon general[41] and judge advocate general.[42]
- For the Marine Corps, lieutenant generals constitute commanders of high-level geographic and functional Marine commands including the marine expeditionary forces,[43] deputy commandants attached to Headquarters Marine Corps[44] and commander of the Marine Forces Reserve.
- For the Space Force, lieutenant generals constitute the deputy chiefs of staff of the Space Staff and commanders of high-level field commands.
- For the Coast Guard, vice admirals constitute the deputy commandants for operations and mission support,[45] as well as the operational area commanders of the Atlantic and Pacific region.[45] By statute, there may not be more than five three-star positions in the Coast Guard,[46] and if there be five, one must be the chief of staff of the Coast Guard.[46]
- For the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the surgeon general of the United States is a three-star vice admiral by statute, equivalent in grade to the surgeon general of the Army.[47]
The President may also designate positions of importance and responsibility to other agencies in the executive branch aside from the Coast Guard and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to be held by an officer with the grade of vice admiral, with corresponding pay and allowance.[46]
Exceptions[]
Exceptions exist that allow for the promotion of three-star officers beyond statutory limits. The secretary of defense can designate up to 49[48] three-star officers,[17] who do not count against any service's general- or flag-officer limit,[17] to serve in one of several joint positions.[49] For three-star officers, these may include senior positions on the Joint Staff such as the director of the Joint Staff,[50] vice chief of the National Guard Bureau,[51] and deputy commanders of unified combatant commands. Officers serving in certain intelligence positions are not counted against statutory limit, including the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency,[52] associate director for military affairs of the Central Intelligence Agency,[52] and the advisor for military affairs to the director of National Intelligence.[49][52] The President may also add up to 15 three-star slots to one service if they are offset by removing an equivalent number from other services.[20] Finally, all statutory limits may be waived at the President's discretion during time of war or national emergency.[53]
Appointment[]
Like four-star ranks, three-star ranks are temporary in nature, being tied to positions where the officeholder is authorized to assume said rank.[54] The officeholder's rank expires with the expiration of their term of office, which is normally set by statute.[54] The president nominates three-star officers from any eligible officers holding a one-star grade and above who also meets the other requirements for the position, under the advice and/or suggestion of their respective executive department secretary, service secretary, and if applicable the joint chiefs.[54] The nominee must be confirmed via majority by the Senate before the appointee can take office and thus assume the rank.[54] The Senate (normally in committee[55]) may hold hearings to consider any nominee for appointment to three-star grade,[56] but usually only convene for nominations of selected four-star positions.
While it is rare for three-star or four-star nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn.[57]
- For example, the nomination of Major General to be commanding general of U.S. Army Europe in 2017 was withdrawn[58] after an investigation was launched into the general's inappropriate comment to a female Congressional staffer.[59]
- Vice Admiral Elizabeth L. Train was once the leading candidate to be director of naval intelligence and deputy chief of naval operations for information warfare in 2015,[60] but her nomination was withdrawn the following year[60] due to controversy regarding her superior's suspected role in the Fat Leonard scandal.[61]
- The President withdrew the nomination of Lieutenant General Susan J. Helms to become vice commander of the Air Force Space Command in 2013 after eight months of inaction in the Senate,[62] owing to concerns[63] about her overturning the ruling in a sexual assault case under her command.[64][65]
- Lieutenant General Mary A. Legere was widely considered a leading candidate to succeed Michael T. Flynn as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency in 2014, but her name was removed from consideration,[66] following House backlash over her involvement in several controversial Army intelligence projects.[67]
- Major General was withdrawn from consideration to become commanding general of Fifth Army in 1991,[68][69] relating to a decision he made not to prosecute the two soldiers responsible for an artillery accident at his command of Fort Sill.[70][71]
- Major General Joseph J. Taluto withdrew himself from consideration to succeed Clyde A. Vaughn as director of the Army National Guard in 2010,[72] due to Senate inaction over his handling of the deaths of Phillip Esposito and Louis Allen.[73][74]
- And Rear Admiral Elizabeth A. Hight's nomination to be director of the Defense Information Systems Agency in 2008 was withdrawn[75] due to concerns about a possible conflict of interest with her husband, a retired Air Force general who was employed by a prominent Defense contractor.[76]
Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session, with said nominations being returned to the President.[57][77]
- For example, the Senate declined to schedule a vote for Major General Charles M. Gurganus to be elevated to three-star rank in 2013[78] and assigned as director of the Marine Corps staff,[79] due to concerns of negligence leading to the September 2012 Camp Bastion raid.[79][80]
- The nomination of Rear Admiral for promotion to vice admiral and assignment as deputy commandant for mission support of the Coast Guard in 2014[81] was returned to the President,[82] due to a hold from a senator who opposed the closure of two Coast Guard facilities in response to sequestration cuts.[83]
Additionally, events that take place after Senate confirmation may still delay or even prevent the nominee from assuming office, necessitating that another nominee be selected and considered by the Senate. Even after the nominee assumes command, various events can occur that alter his or her circumstances in holding the office.
- For example, Major General John G. Rossi, who had been confirmed for appointment as the commanding general of the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command in April 2016[84][85] committed suicide two days before his scheduled promotion.[86] As a result, the incumbent commander, Lieutenant General , remained in command beyond statutory term limits until another nominee, Major General James H. Dickinson was confirmed by the Senate.[87]
- Vice Admiral Scott A. Stearney assumed command of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command, Fifth Fleet, and Combined Maritime Forces in May 2018.[88] His death in December 2018 resulted in the speedy confirmation[89] of Rear Admiral James J. Malloy in the same month for appointment to three-star rank as his replacement.[90]
Command elevation and reduction[]
Any billet in the armed forces may be designated as a position of importance requiring the holder of the position to be of three-star or four-star rank.[54] One-star and two-star billets may be elevated to three-star or four-star level as appropriate, either by act of Congress, or within statutory limits by the services at their discretion. Congress may propose such elevations or reductions to the President and U.S. Department of Defense.[91] Due to the higher number of three-star appointments available by statute compared to four-star appointments, shuffling of such billets within services and between services occurs at a relatively steady pace, with significant changes on average every two to three years, compared to those at four-star grade which shuffle on average every four to five years.
The existing commander of a lower-level command or office elevated to three-star rank can be appointed to grade in their present position, reassigned to another office of equal grade, or face retirement if another nominee is selected as their relief.
- For example, Major General Scott C. Black became judge advocate general of the Army in October 2005. With the elevation of the office to three-star rank in 2008, Black was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general,[92] and assumed said rank in December 2008.
- Vice Admiral Henry H. Mauz Jr., commander of U.S. Seventh Fleet, was dual-hatted as commander of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command in August 1990.[93] The incumbent commander, Captain did not receive appointment to three-star grade and was thus reassigned as commander of the U.S. Naval Logistics Support Force under Mauz's command.[94]
A two-star billet may be elevated to three-star level, in accordance to being designated as a position of importance, to highlight importance to the defense apparatus as a whole or achieve parity with equivalent commands in the same area of responsibility or service branch.
- The National Defense Authorization Act of 2001 elevated all service reserve and National Guard components to three-star level.[95] Consequently, all affected components[96] had their existing commanders promoted to three-star rank,[97][98][99] or promoted the first commander assigned after passage of the Act to three-star rank.[100][101]
- The National Defense Authorization Act of 2012 elevated the office of vice chief of the National Guard Bureau to three-star level, achieving parity with the three-star directors of the Army National Guard and Air National Guard. Major General Joseph L. Lengyel was subsequently appointed[102] to the grade of lieutenant general[103] and assumed office on August 18, 2012.
- Headquarters Marine Corps Bulletin 5400[104] directed the elevation of U.S. Marine Corps Training and Education Command to three-star level and transitioning it to a direct reporting unit responsible to the commandant of the Marine Corps.[105] The incumbent commanding general, Major General William F. Mullen III, subsequently relinquished command to Lieutenant General Lewis A. Craparotta on August 3, 2020.[106]
A four-star billet may also be reduced to three-star level, usually to compensate for another billet being elevated to four-star level and thus remain within statutory limits. Congressional approval must be obtained if is determined that a new three-star appointment beyond statutory limits is necessary.
- For example, Air Education and Training Command, a four-star major command since 1975,[107] was downgraded to three-star level to compensate for the elevation of Air Force Global Strike Command to four-star level, as congressional approval was required to bypass the authorized limit of nine four-star commands.[108] Lieutenant General Darryl Roberson relieved General Robin Rand as AETC commander on July 21, 2015.[109]
- U.S. Army Europe was a three-star command four separate times: from establishment to 1944; the tours of Lieutenant Generals Clarence R. Huebner in 1949 and Manton S. Eddy from 1952 to 1953; and after the deactivation of Seventh Army from 2011 to 2020. The final three-star general to command USAREUR was Lieutenant General Christopher G. Cavoli, who was promoted to general in 2020,[110] with the consolidation of USAREUR and U.S. Army Africa into U.S. Army Europe and Africa.[111]
Tour length[]
The standard tour length for a three-star officer is three years, specifically a two-year term with a one-year extension. Unlike with grade, many three-star positions do have stipulated term lengths in the U.S. Code, which may not necessarily equate to the standard term length:
- Deputy commanders of unified combatant commands, as a joint duty assignment, serve for one to two years.
- Inspectors general of the Army, Navy, and Air Force serve for a nominal four-year term.
- Judge advocates general of the Army, Navy, and Air Force serve for a nominal four-year term.
- Three-star chiefs of service reserve components serve for a nominal four-year term in office, but may serve for up to eight years if reappointed to serve for a second term. Typically, a reserve component chief serves for two to three years.
- Three-star chiefs of Army branches,[112] (except the judge advocate general) serve for a nominal four-year term.[30]
- Heads of service academies[113] serve for a nominal three-year term, though it is common for them to serve for four to five years.
- The surgeon general of the United States serves for a nominal four-year term.[114]
All appointees serve at the pleasure of the president. Extensions of the standard tour length can be approved, within statutory limits, by their respective service secretaries, the secretary of defense, the president, and/or Congress but these are rare, as they block other officers from being promoted. Some statutory limits of tour length under the U.S. Code can be waived in times of national emergency or war.[115][116] Three-star ranks may also be given by act of Congress but this is extremely rare.
- Rear Admiral John D. Bulkeley was promoted to vice admiral on the retired list in the Senate by unanimous voice vote in 1988,[117] in recognition of his years of service to the country, including the rescue of General Douglas MacArthur from Corregidor that earned him the Medal of Honor.[118]
Retirement[]
Besides voluntary retirement, statute sets a number of mandates for retirement. A three-star officer may serve for a maximum of 38 years of commissioned service unless reappointed to grade to serve longer or appointed to a higher grade.[119] Three-star officers on reserve active duty must retire after five years in grade or 30 days after completion of 38 years of commissioned service, whichever is later, unless reappointed to grade to serve longer.[120] Three-star reserve officers of the Army and Air Force can have their retirements deferred by their service secretary until the officer's 66th birthday,[121] which the secretary of defense may do for all active-duty officers,[122] and the president can defer it until the officer's 68th birthday.[122] Otherwise all general and flag officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday.[122] Officers that served several years in the enlisted ranks prior to receiving their commission typically don't make it to the 38 years in commission mark, because they are still subject to the age restrictions for retirement. As holders of the second-highest grade, three-star officers rarely receive deferment to serve beyond their 64th birthday, a more common case for officers who are promoted to four-star rank.
By statute, any three-star officer assigned as superintendent of the United States Military Academy,[123] superintendent of the United States Naval Academy,[124] and superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy[125] must retire upon completion of their assignment,[126][124][127] unless a waiver is granted by the secretary of defense[128][129][130] with the approval of the House and Senate Armed Services committees,[128][129][130] and a written notification of intent from the president to nominate the officer for reassignment.[128][129][130]
- Lieutenant General Sidney Bryan Berry is the last superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as commanding general of V Corps from 1977 to 1980 after his tenure as superintendent from 1974 to 1976.[131] His successor, General Andrew J. Goodpaster is the latest retired officer recalled to serve as superintendent, serving from 1977 to 1981.
- Rear Admiral Thomas C. Lynch is the last superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as director of the Navy staff from 1994 to 1995 after his tenure as superintendent from 1991 to 1994. His successor, Admiral Charles R. Larson is the last four-star admiral to serve as superintendent, from 1994 to 1998.[132]
- Major General Robert E. Kelley is the last superintendent of the U.S. Air Force Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as the vice commander of Tactical Air Command from 1983 to 1986 after his tenure as superintendent from 1981 to 1983.
Senior officers typically retire well in advance of the statutory age and service limits, so as not to impede the upward career mobility of their juniors. The higher number of available three-star slots overall (ranging from around 100 to 200) means that lateral promotion is more likely for officers at grade before they either retire or are appointed to a higher grade.[133] An officer who vacates a position bearing that rank has no more than 60 days to be appointed or reappointed to a position of equal or greater importance, including positions of four-star grade, before involuntary retirement.[54]
- For example, Lieutenant General H. Steven Blum was appointed as deputy commander of U.S. Northern Command in 2009. The incumbent deputy commander, Lieutenant General William G. Webster Jr., was appointed as commanding general of U.S. Army Central, whose incumbent commanding general, Lieutenant General James J. Lovelace Jr., received no further appointment and retired at the age of 60, with 39 years of service and six years in grade.
- Rear Admiral Ronald A. Route was promoted to vice admiral and appointed as naval inspector general in 2004. The incumbent inspector general, Vice Admiral Albert T. Church, was appointed as director of the Navy staff, whose incumbent director, Vice Admiral Patricia A. Tracey, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 52, with 34 years of service and six years in grade.
- Major General William H. Etter was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed as commander of First Air Force in 2013. The incumbent commander, Lieutenant General Stanley E. Clarke III, was appointed as director of the Air National Guard, whose incumbent director, Lieutenant General Harry M. Wyatt III, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 63, with 42 years of service and four years in grade.
- Rear Admiral Steven D. Poulin was promoted to vice admiral and appointed as commander of the Coast Guard Atlantic Area in 2020. The incumbent commander, Vice Admiral Scott A. Buschman, was appointed as deputy commandant for operations; the incumbent deputy commandant, Vice Admiral Daniel B. Abel, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 59, with 37 years of service and two years in grade.
A three-star officer may also be reduced to their permanent rank pending circumstances that delay appointment to another three-star position of importance. Historically, officers leaving three-star or four-star positions were allowed to revert to their permanent two-star ranks to mark time in lesser jobs until statutory retirement, but now such officers are expected to retire immediately to avoid obstructing the promotion flow.
- For example, Lieutenant General Timothy J. Kadavy reverted to his permanent rank of major general while awaiting confirmation as vice chief of the National Guard Bureau in 2019,[134] as he had not been assigned to another three-star position within 60 days of his relief as director of the Army National Guard.[135] After his nomination was returned to the president without action,[136] he was certified to retire as a lieutenant general in 2020.[137]
- Vice Admiral John Poindexter reverted to his permanent rank of rear admiral in 1986, as he was not appointed by the Senate to another three-star post within 90 days[138] after resigning as national security advisor to the President due to controversy surrounding the Iran-Contra scandal,[139] and was reassigned to the Navy staff[140] until retirement in 1987. His request to retire as a vice admiral[141] was deferred by the secretary of the Navy due to expected congressional opposition.[140]
To retire at three-star grade, an officer must accumulate at least three years of satisfactory active-duty service in that grade, as determined by the secretary of defense.[142] The president and Congress must also receive certification by either the under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, the deputy under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, or the secretary of defense that the retiree served satisfactorily in grade.[142] The secretary of defense may reduce this requirement to two years, but only if the officer is not being investigated for misconduct.[143] The president may also reduce these requirements even further, or waive the requirements altogether, if he so chooses.[142][143] Three-star officers who do not meet the service-in-grade requirement will retire at the last permanent rank he or she satisfactorily held for six months.[142] The retiree may also be subject to congressional approval by the Senate before the retiree can retire in grade.[144] It is extraordinarily rare for a three-star or four-star officer not to be certified to retire in grade or for the Senate to seek final approval.
- For example, Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft was certified by the Senate in 1975 to retire as a lieutenant general[145] despite holding said rank for only a year as national security advisor to the President. Scowcroft could have been reappointed to grade to serve as national security advisor while on active duty, but instead held the office as a civilian.[146]
- Lieutenant General Craig A. Franklin retired on April 1, 2014,[147] with two years and two days in grade, in response to charges of partiality in overseeing cases of sexual assault in Third Air Force.[148] Despite not being penalized for misconduct, his retirement before accumulating statutory time in grade resulted in his reduction to major general on the retired list.[149]
- Lieutenant General Ronald F. Lewis was relieved as senior military assistant to the secretary of defense on November 12, 2015, with approximately four months in grade.[150] He subsequently reverted to his permanent rank of major general[151] pending an investigation by the Department of Defense inspector general[152] for misconduct.[153][154] His certification of satisfactory service as a major general was revoked,[155] thus reducing his retirement rank to brigadier general.[156]
Officers who are under investigation for misconduct typically are not allowed to retire until the investigation completes, so that the secretary of defense can decide whether to certify that their performance was satisfactory enough to retire in their highest grade.[142]
- For example, Lieutenant General relinquished his three-star command in 2018,[157] but remained on active duty for over a year after his retirement ceremony[158] in his permanent rank of major general[159] pending an investigation by the Air Force inspector general,[160] before being allowed to retire as a major general.[161]
- Vice Admiral Michael H. Miller relinquished his three-star command as scheduled in 2014,[162] but remained on active duty for almost a year in his permanent grade of rear admiral[163] while under investigation for the Fat Leonard corruption scandal.[164] He was permitted to retire at three-star grade after being censured by the secretary of the Navy.[165]
Furthermore, all retired officers may still be subjected to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and disciplinary action, including reduction in retirement rank, by the secretary of defense or the president if they are deemed to have served unsatisfactorily in rank, post their retirement.[166]
- Lieutenant General , who retired from the Army as a lieutenant general, faced court martial and demotion[167] nearly two years after his retirement date of February 1, 2006,[168] for making false statements regarding the Pat Tillman friendly fire incident.[169] He was allowed to retain his three-star rank[170] after the secretary of the Army opted not to pursue the heavier punishment, instead issuing Kensinger an official reprimand and censure.[170]
Officers holding a temporary three-star or four-star rank typically step down from their posts up to 60 days in advance of their official retirement dates. Officers retire on the first day of the month, so once a retirement month has been selected, the relief and retirement ceremonies are scheduled by counting backwards from that date by the number of days of accumulated leave remaining to the retiring officer. During this period, termed transition leave or terminal leave, the officer is considered to be awaiting retirement but still on active duty.
- For example, Lieutenant General Donald C. Wurster was relieved as commander of Air Force Special Operations Command on June 24, 2011,[171] and held his retirement ceremony the same day, but remained on active duty until his official retirement date on August 1, 2011.
A statutory limit can be waived by the president with the consent of Congress if it serves national interest. However, this is extremely rare. Only two four-star officers have been granted such a waiver in American history: General Lewis B. Hershey, who served as director of the Selective Service System from 1941 to 1970, and Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, who served as director of Naval Reactors from 1949 to 1982.
See also[]
- Lieutenant general (United States)
- Vice admiral (United States)
- List of active duty United States four-star officers
- List of active duty United States Army major generals
- List of active duty United States Marine Corps major generals
- List of active duty United States rear admirals
- List of active duty United States Air Force major generals
- List of active duty United States Space Force general officers
- List of active duty United States National Guard two-star generals
- List of active duty United States senior enlisted leaders and advisors
- List of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960
- List of United States Army three-star generals since 2010
- List of United States Marine Corps three-star generals since 2010
- List of United States Navy vice admirals on active duty before 1960
- List of United States Navy three-star admirals since 2010
- List of lieutenant generals in the United States Air Force before 1960
- List of United States Air Force three-star generals since 2010
- List of United States Space Force three-star generals
- List of United States Coast Guard vice admirals
- List of United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps three-star admirals
References[]
- ^ "EC3041 — House Communication, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved 2021-01-07.
- ^ "EC2388 — Executive Communication, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
- ^ "Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense (JFCC IMD)". Archived from the original on 2021-05-04. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ Stoner, Cameron (2021-09-11). "Submarine Force Holds Change of Command". DVIDS.
- ^ "EC3387 — House Communication, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- ^ "EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS; Congressional Record Vol. 168, No. 41 (Senate - March 08, 2022)". U.S. Congress. 2022-03-08.
- ^ The rank of vice admiral is rarely conferred to members of the NOAA Commissioned Corps. The only two NOAA officers to be promoted to this rank were Henry A. Karo in 1965 and Michael S. Devany in 2014, both of whom received the rank at the end of their tenures as Director.
- ^ "PN1609 — Vice Adm. Frank D. Whitworth III — Navy, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. 2022-01-05. Retrieved 2022-02-02.
- ^ "Flag Officer Announcement". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
- ^ "PN1751 — Maj. Gen. Douglas A. Sims II — Army, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
- ^ Shane, Leo III (2022-02-18). "Kurilla confirmed as new CENTCOM head by the Senate". Defense News.
- ^ "PN1488 — Maj. Gen. Charles R. Hamilton — Army, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved 2022-02-02.
- ^ "PN1458 — Maj. Gen. Maria B. Barrett — Army, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
- ^ "Biden expected to nominate first woman as Army Cyber chief". 2021-12-01. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
- ^ "PN1851 — Lt. Gen. James J. Mingus — Army, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ^ "PN1750 — Maj. Gen. Douglas F. Stitt — Army, 117th Congress (2021-2022)". U.S. Congress. 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
- ^ Dividing the total number of general and flag officers above two stars (138) from the total number of general and flag officers overall (653) is 21.13%.
- ^ a b c d e f g 10 U.S.C. § 525 – Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades.
- ^ The remainder after subtracting the allotted number of 8 four-star generals from the 46 permitted appointment above the grade of major general.
- ^ The remainder after subtracting the allotted number of 6 four-star admirals from the 33 permitted appointment above the grade of rear admiral.
- ^ The remainder after subtracting the allotted number of 9 four-star generals and 5 three-star Space Force generals from the 44 permitted appointment above the grade of major general.
- ^ The remainder after subtracting the allotted number of 2 four-star generals from the 17 permitted appointment above the grade of major general.
- ^ excluding joint duty assignments.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7035 – Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7038 – Office of Army Reserve: appointment of Chief.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7064 – Special branches.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7020 – Inspector General.
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 7036 – Chiefs of branches: appointment; duties.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7037 – Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General, and general officers of Judge Advocate General’s Corps: appointment; duties.
- ^ a b "United States Navy – O-9 Vice Admiral – FederalPay". FederalPay. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 8036 – Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9065 – Commands: territorial organization.
- ^ "United States Air Force – O-9 Lieutenant General – FederalPay". FederalPay. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9035 – Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9038 – Office of Air Force Reserve: appointment of Chief.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9020 – Inspector General.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9036 – Surgeon General: appointment; duties.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9037 – Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General: appointment; duties.
- ^ "United States Marine Corps – O-9 Lieutenant General". FederalPay. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 8045 – Deputy Commandants.
- ^ a b "United States Coast Guard – O-9 Vice Admiral – FederalPay". FederalPay. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
- ^ a b c 14 U.S.C. § 305 – Vice admirals.
- ^ 42 U.S.C. § 207 – Grades, ranks, and titles of commissioned corps.
- ^ The remainder after subtracting 19 four-star officers from the 68 officers above two-star rank permitted exclusionary joint duty assignments is 49.
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 604 – Senior joint officer positions: recommendations to the Secretary of Defense.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 155 – Joint Staff.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 10505 – Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau.
- ^ a b c 10 U.S.C. § 528 – Officers serving in certain intelligence positions: military status; exclusion from distribution and strength limitations; pay and allowances.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 527 – Authority to suspend sections 523, 525, and 526.
- ^ a b c d e f 10 U.S.C. § 601 – Positions of importance and responsibility: generals and lieutenant generals; admirals and vice admirals.
- ^ Department of Defense nominees are considered by the Senate Armed Services Committee, Coast Guard nominees are considered by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the director of the National Security Agency is considered by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.
- ^ "Standing Rules of the Senate" (PDF). United States Senate. Government Publishing Office. 2013-11-04. p. 37. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
- ^ a b 5 U.S.C. § 3349 – Reporting of vacancies.
- ^ "PN762 – Maj. Gen. Ryan F. Gonsalves – Army, 115th Congress (2017–2018)". U.S. Congress. 27 November 2017. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ^ Myers, Meghann (2018-01-06). "Army 2-star loses promotion after calling congressional staffer 'sweetheart'". Army Times.
- ^ Larter, David (2016-04-01). "Navy withdraws intel boss nominee, furthering uncertainty". Navy Times.
- ^ "PN207 – Lt. Gen. Susan J. Helms – Air Force, 113th Congress (2013–2014)". U.S. Congress. 7 November 2013. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
- ^ "Senator puts hold on Air Force officer's promotion". Fox News. Associated Press. 2013-04-25.
- ^ "Helms Nomination Withdrawn". Air Force Mag. 2013-11-18.
- ^ "Helms nomination for Space Command withdrawn". Stars and Stripes. 2013-11-08.
- ^ Shane Harris and Gordon Lubold (2014-06-27). "Obama Poised to Yank Top Military Intel Pick". Foreign Policy.
- ^ Matishak, Martin (2014-05-02). "Rep. Hunter opposes possible nominee to lead Pentagon spy agency". The Hill.
- ^ "General Surprises Fort Sill Crowd With Retirement". The Oklahoman. 1991-07-20.
- ^ "PN239 – Maj. Gen. Raphael J. Hallada – Army, 102nd Congress (1991–1992)". U.S. Congress. 25 September 1991. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- ^ "Soldiers Charged in Artillery Accident That Killed Three". Associated Press. 1989-10-21.
- ^ "Trial ruled out in Fort Sill deaths". Tulsa World. 1989-12-30.
- ^ "PN420 – Maj. Gen. Joseph J. Taluto – Army, 111th Congress (2009–2010)". U.S. Congress. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
- ^ "Siobhan Esposito's Blog: Fragging Widow Slams Taluto as Unfit to Lead Guard". 14 May 2009.
- ^ Franco, James (2010-01-29). "Gen. Taluto quits nomination, retires". Troy Record.
- ^ Brewin, Bob (2008-06-20). "Defense plans to withdraw Hight's nomination to head DISA". NextGov.
- ^ "Standing Rules of the Senate" (PDF). United States Senate. Government Publishing Office. 2013-11-04. p. 50. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
- ^ "PN213 – Maj. Gen. Charles M. Gurganus – Marine Corps, 113th Congress (2013–2014)". U.S. Congress. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- ^ a b Shanker, Thom (2013-09-30). "Two Marine Corps Generals Are Forced to Retire Over Fatal Security Breach". The New York Times.
- ^ Carroll, Chris (2013-09-30). "Two Marine generals fired in wake of brazen Taliban attack on Camp Bastion". Stars and Stripes.
- ^ Woolbright, Matt (2014-06-14). "Abel takes control of Alaska Coast Guard". Peninsula Clarion. Morris News-Service Alaska.
- ^ "PN1547 – Rear Adm. Thomas P. Ostebo – Coast Guard, 113th Congress (2013–2014)". U.S. Congress. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
- ^ "Letter from Senator Ron Wyden to Senator Harry Reid" (PDF). Oregon Live. 2014-11-18.
- ^ "Rossi confirmed for appointment to SMDC". USASMDC/ARSTRAT Public Affairs. 2016-05-03.
- ^ "PN1329 – Maj. Gen. John G. Rossi – Army, 114th Congress (2015–2016)". U.S. Congress. 28 April 2016. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ "Army: Two-star general committed suicide on Alabama military base". CBS News. Associated Press. 2016-10-28.
- ^ "PN1823 – Maj. Gen. James H. Dickinson – Army, 114th Congress (2015–2016)". U.S. Congress. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ "VADM Stearney Takes Command of 5th Fleet; RADM Corey Takes Over PEO Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons". USNI News. 2018-05-08.
- ^ Karsten, Joshua (2018-12-07). "Malloy assumes command of 5th Fleet following Stearney's death". Stars and Stripes.
- ^ U.S. Special Operations Command: Challenges and Opportunities. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 2010-09-21. p. 42. ISBN 9780160865350.
- ^ "PN2075 – Maj. Gen. Scott C. Black – Army, 110th Congress (2007–2008)". U.S. Congress. 8 December 2008. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
- ^ Anchor of Resolve: A History of US Naval Forces Central Command (PDF). p. 38. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
- ^ "Sutton" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-08-23.
- ^ "National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2001". Act No. 506 of October 30, 2000 (PDF).
- ^ the Army Reserve and Army National Guard, Navy Reserve, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard, and Marine Forces Reserve
- ^ Rear Admiral John B. Totushek, chief of Navy Reserve, was promoted to vice admiral in June 2001. (Coleman, Norm (2003-09-24). "Tribute to Vice Admiral John Totushek". Washington D. C.)
- ^ Major General James E. Sherrard III, chief of Air Force Reserve, was promoted to lieutenant general in May 2001. ("Lieutenant General James E. Sherrard III". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 2021-08-22.)
- ^ Major General Thomas J. Plewes, chief of Army Reserve, and Major General Roger C. Schultz, Army National Guard director were promoted to lieutenant general in June 2001. (Hilkert, David E. (2004). Chiefs of the Army Reserve: Biographical Sketches of the United States Army Reserve's Senior Officers. Fort McPherson, GA: Office of Army Reserve History, U.S. Army Reserve Command.);
- ^ Major General Dennis M. McCarthy was promoted to lieutenant general on June 1, 2001, one day prior to assuming command of Marine Forces Reserve on June 2.
- ^ Lieutenant General Daniel James III became the first three-star Air National Guard director in June 2002. ("Lieutenant General Daniel James III". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 2021-08-22.)
- ^ "PN1735 – Maj. Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel – Air Force, 112th Congress (2011–2012)". U.S. Congress. 26 July 2012. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
- ^ Greenhill, Jim (2012-07-26). "Chief, vice chief of National Guard Bureau confirmed". DVIDS.
- ^ "MARINE CORPS BULLETIN 5400" (PDF). U.S. Marine Corps. Headquarters Marine Corps. 2019-01-17.
- ^ "Training and Education Command Becomes a Three-Star Command". U.S. Marine Corps. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
- ^ "Change of Command Ceremony for Training and Education Command [Image 3 of 3]". DVIDS. 2020-08-03.
- ^ as Air Training Command, before consolidating with the Air University
- ^ Christenson, Sig (2015-02-28). "Training Command loses a star". Express News.
- ^ "Roberson takes command of AETC". Joint Base San Antonio. Air Education and Training Command Public Affairs. 2015-07-22.
- ^ "PN2080 – Lt. Gen. Christopher G. Cavoli – Army, 116th Congress (2019–2020)". U.S. Congress. 30 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
- ^ "US Army Europe, Africa now consolidated". EUCOM. 2020-11-23.
- ^ refers to the chief of engineers and surgeon general
- ^ Refers to the U.S. Military Academy, U.S. Naval Academy, and U.S. Air Force Academy. The superintendent of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy is a two-star office, as was the superintendent of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy for most of its existence.
- ^ 42 U.S.C. § 205 – Appointment and tenure of office of Surgeon General; reversion in rank.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 152 – Chairman: appointment; grade and rank
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 154 – Vice Chairman
- ^ "PN1315 – Rear Adm. John D. Bulkeley – Navy, 100th Congress (1987–1988)". U.S. Congress. 11 August 1988. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ "Vice Admiral John Duncan Bulkeley, USN (Retired), (1911–1996)". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 636 – Retirement for years of service: regular officers in grades above brigadier general and rear admiral (lower half).
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 14508(d) – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 14508(g) – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
- ^ a b c 10 U.S.C. § 1253 – Age 64: regular commissioned officers in general and flag officer grades; exception
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7431 – Establishment; Superintendent; faculty.
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 8451a – – Superintendent.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9431 – Establishment; Superintendent; faculty.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7433a – Superintendent: condition for detail to position.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9433a – Superintendent: condition for detail to position.
- ^ a b c 10 U.S.C. § 7321 – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Military Academy; waiver authority.
- ^ a b c 10 U.S.C. § 8371 – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy; waiver authority.
- ^ a b c 10 U.S.C. § 9321 – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy; waiver authority.
- ^ Martin, Douglas (2013-07-17). "Lt. Gen. Sidney Berry, West Point Chief, Dies at 87". The New York Times.
- ^ Shane, Scott (1997-03-02). "At the academy's helm Superintendent: Adm. Charles R. Larson could have retired in 1994 after a distinguished naval career. Instead, he returned to Annapolis to resurrect his beloved Naval Academy". Baltimore Sun.
- ^ This is less likely for officers in specialized career paths, as few appointments at that level exist for them to occupy. A majority of these appointments are the singular leadership positions of the career path, such as the Judge Advocate General of the Navy which is the highest position a Navy judge advocate can attain.
- ^ Washington Report (March 12, 2019). "Nominations Would Mean Leadership Switch at Guard Bureau". NGAUS Newsroom. Washington, DC: National Guard Association of the United States.
- ^ Served as a special assistant to the chief of the National Guard Bureau from 2019 to 2020, as a major general.
- ^ "PN460 – Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy – Army, 116th Congress (2019–2020)". U.S. Congress. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
- ^ Crawford, Lisa (August 3, 2020). "LTG Timothy J. Kadavy retires after 36 years of service". Flickr.com. Lincoln, NE: NE National Guard. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- ^ later reduced to 60 days
- ^ Glass, Andrew (2016-11-25). "Iran-Contra dealings revealed, Nov. 25, 1986". Politico.
- ^ a b Moore, Molly (1987-09-26). "Poindexter to Retire Without Third Star". The Washington Post.
- ^ Moore, Molly (1987-08-28). "Poindexter Asks to Retire with Third Star". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b c d e 10 U.S.C. § 1370 – Commissioned officers: general rule; exceptions
- ^ a b Gearan, Anne (2010-06-28). "Cashiered general tells Army he'll retire". San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ The U.S. Constitution gives Congress oversight over retirement of military personnel if they so choose.
- ^ "Precedent for the Service of Active Duty Three-Star Generals and Flag Officers as the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. 2017-03-02.
- ^ Weaver, Dustin (March 7, 2017). "Senate panel approves Trump adviser keeping his military rank". TheHill.
- ^ Whitlock, Craig (2014-01-08). "Air Force general to retire after criticism for handling of sexual-assault case". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
- ^ Childress, Sarah (2013-09-04). "Emails Shed New Light on Military Sexual Assault Case". PBS News.
- ^ Montgomery, Nancy (2014-01-09). "Franklin will retire as a two-star, officials say". Stars and Stripes.
- ^ Missy Ryan and Craig Whitlock (2015-11-12). "Pentagon chief Ashton Carter just fired his top military aide over 'misconduct'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
- ^ Served as a special assistant to the vice chief of staff of the Army from 2015 to his retirement in 2016.
- ^ "Report of Investigation: Ronald F. Lewis, Major General, U.S. Army" (PDF). U.S. Department of Defense. Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
- ^ Included misuse of a government credit card and improper interactions with female personnel.
- ^ Cooper, Helene (2016-10-06). "Army General Used Government Credit Card at Strip Clubs, Pentagon Says". The New York Times.
- ^ Phil McCausland and Courtney Kube (2017-02-10). "Former Major General Demoted in Retirement for Using Credit Card at Strip Clubs". NBC News.
- ^ "Army demotes former defense secretary's 3-star aide after scathing IG investigation". Army Times. 2017-02-09. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
- ^ "Air Force Sustainment Center Change of Command and Retirement Ceremony". DVIDS. 2018-07-08.
- ^ "Major General Lee K. Levy II". Retrieved 2021-08-21.
- ^ Served as a special assistant to the Air Force vice chief of staff from 2018 to his retirement in 2019.
- ^ Roza, David (2019-12-03). "'If he was on the battlefield, he probably would've been shot in the back'— Inside the toxic command of Air Force Lt. Gen. Lee Levy". Task and Purpose.
- ^ Losey, Stephen (2019-11-26). "'Oink, oink.' Lieutenant general belittled staff, mocked female airman's weight, IG found. It cost him a star". Air Force Times.
- ^ Brown, Matthew Hay (2014-07-23). "New superintendent says Naval Academy will meet evolving challenges". The Baltimore Sun.
- ^ Served as a special assistant to the superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy from 2014 to his retirement in 2015.
- ^ Prudente, Tim (2015-02-12). "Admiral working at Naval Academy while under investigation". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ Larter, David (2015-07-18). "Navy rebukes 3 admirals for accepting dinners, gifts". Navy Times.
- ^ Goldman, Adam; Whitlock, Craig (2015-12-07). "Army recommends no further punishment for Petraeus". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Demotion Expected for Role in Tillman Case". The New York Times. 2007-07-27.
- ^ Geren, Pete (2007-07-30). "MEMORANDUM FOR THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY (MANPOWER AND RESERVE AFFAIRS)" (PDF). The Washington Post. Office of the United States Secretary of the Army.
- ^ Leary, Warren E. (2004-05-30). "Army: Tillman was likely killed by friendly fire". The Orlando Sentinel.
- ^ a b Read, Morgan (2007-08-01). "Army censures general over Tillman case". Reuters.
- ^ Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 157 (2011), Part 7 U.S. Congress.
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