List of alcoholic drinks

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For a list of national alcoholic drinks by country, see List of national liquors.
Main article: Alcoholic drink
A fully supplied bar with various types of drinks

This is a list of alcoholic drinks. An alcoholic drink is a drink that contains ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic drinks are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and distilled beverages. They are legally consumed in most countries, and over one hundred countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption.[1] In particular, such laws specify the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink them. This minimum age varies between 16 and 25 years, depending upon the country and the type of drink. Most nations set it at 18 years of age.[1]

Drinks by raw material[]

For micro-organisms, see List of microorganisms used in food and beverage preparation and yeast in winemaking.

The names of some alcoholic drinks are determined by their raw material.

Grains Name of fermented beverage Name of distilled beverage
Barley beer, barley wine gin, Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, jenever (Central Europe), ginebra (Spain, Argentina, Philippines), shōchū (mugijōchū) (Japan), soju (Korea), baijiu (China)
Buckwheat buckwheat whisky (Brittany), shōchū (sobajōchū) (Japan)
Corn chicha, corn beer, tesguino bourbon whiskey, moonshine, also vodka (rare)
Millet millet beer (Sub-Saharan Africa), tongba (Nepal), boza (the Balkans, Turkey)
Rice beer, brem (Indonesia), (Vietnam), tuak (Borneo Island), sato (Thailand), huangjiu and choujiu (China), sake (Japan), makgeolli and cheongju (Korea), sonti/सोंटी, हंड़िया, चुआक/Chuak (India), thwon (Nepal) (Nepal), rice baijiu (China), shōchū (komejōchū) and awamori (Japan), soju (Korea), hkaung rai (ခေါင်ရည်) (Myanmar), arrack (Indonesia), lao khao (Thailand)
Rye rye beer, kvass rye whiskey, vodka (Russia), korn (Germany)
Sorghum burukutu (Nigeria), pito (Ghana), merisa (southern Sudan), (Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon) Maotai, Kaoliang liquor, certain other types of baijiu (China).
Wheat wheat beer horilka (Ukraine), vodka, wheat whiskey, weizenkorn (Germany), soju (Korea)
Fruit juice Name of fermented beverage Name of distilled beverage
Apples cider (U.S.: "hard cider"), apfelwein jabukovača (Serbia), applejack (or apple brandy), calvados, cider
Apricots kajsijevača (Serbia), kaisieva rakia (Bulgaria), pálinka (Hungary)
Bananas or plantains (Vietnam), cauim (Kuna Indians of Panama), (Uganda, Rwanda), mbege (with millet malt; Tanzania), (with sorghum malt; Democratic Republic of the Congo) majmunovača (Balkans)
Blueberries Borovnica (Croatia)
Cashew feni/फेनी (India)
Cherries cherry wine (Denmark) Kirsch (Germany, Switzerland)
Coconut or palm Toddy/ताड़ी (Sri Lanka, India) arrack, lambanog (Sri Lanka, India, Philippines)
Gouqi gouqi jiu (China) gouqi jiu (China)
Ginger with sugar, ginger with raisins ginger ale, ginger beer, ginger wine
Grapes wine brandy, cognac (France), vermouth, armagnac (France), branntwein (Germany), pisco (Peru, Chile, Grozdova), Rakija (The Balkans, Turkey), singani (Bolivia), arak (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan), törkölypálinka (Hungary)
Juniper berries jenever (Netherlands/Belgium), borovička (Slovakia)
Mulberry oghi (Armenia)
Myrica rubra (China) yangmei jiu (China)
Pears perry, or pear cider; poiré (France) Kruškovac (Croatia), viljamovka (Serbia), Poire Williams, pear brandy, eau-de-vie (France), pálinka (Hungary), krushova rakia / krushevitsa (Bulgaria)
Pineapples tepache (Mexico), Pineapple Wine (Hawaii)
Plums plum wine, plum jerkum šljivovica (Balkans and Central Europe), slivovitz, țuică, umeshu (Japan), pálinka, slivova rakia / slivovitsa (Bulgaria)
Pomace pomace wine raki/ouzo/pastis/sambuca (Turkey/Greece/France/Italy), tsipouro/tsikoudia (Greece), grappa (Italy/Argentina/Uruguay), (Germany), marc (France), orujo (Spain), zivania (Cyprus), (Portugal), (Romania), arak (Iran)
Pomegranate pomegranate wine (Armenia)
Quinces dunjevača (Serbia)
Raspberries raspberry wine[2] (US, Canada) Himbeergeist (Germany, Switzerland)
Sausage tree fruit (Kigelia africana) muratina wine[3] (Kenya)
Flowers Name of fermented beverage Name of distilled beverage
Madhuca longifolia Mahudo/મહુડો, Mahuda no daru/મહુડા નો દારૂ (Gujarat), Mahuva ki sharaab/महुआ की शराब, Madhvi/माध्वी, tharra/ठर्रा (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh)
Vegetables Name of fermented beverage Name of distilled beverage
Agave juice pulque tequila, mezcal, raicilla
Cassava

Saliva-fermented beverages:

  • cauim
  • chicha: Throughout the Amazon Basin, including the interiors of Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, chicha is made most often with cassava; in Peruvian Amazonia chichia is known as masato.
  • kasiri (Sub-Saharan Africa)
  • nihamanchi (South America) a.k.a. nijimanche (Ecuador and Peru)
  • parakari (Guyana)
  • sakurá (Brazil, Surinam)
 (Brazil)
Ginger root juice ginger beer (Botswana)
Potato potato beer horilka (Ukraine), vodka (Poland), Kartoffelschnaps (Germany), akvavit (Scandinavia), poitín (poteen) (Ireland), tuzemák (Czech Republic), brennivín (Iceland)
Sugarcane juice, or molasses basi, (regional) rum (Caribbean), rhum agricole (Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe and the rest of the French Caribbean), clairin (Haiti), cachaça (Brazil), Desi daru (India), aguardiente de caña (Spain), aguardiente, guaro, lavagallo, pinga (Venezuela, Colombia, Nicaragua), Mamajuana (Dominican Republic), Gongo, Konyagi (Tanzania), Cocoroco (Bolivia), caña (Argentina, Uruguay), espinillar (Uruguay), caña blanca (Paraguay), ginebra (Philippines)
Sweet potato shōchū (imojōchū) (Japan), soju (Korea)
Ti root okolehao (Hawai'i)
Other raw materials Name of fermented beverage Name of distilled beverage
Sap of palm coyol wine (Central America), tembo (Sub-Saharan Africa), toddy (Indian subcontinent)
Sap of Arenga pinnata, Coconut, Borassus flabellifer palm wine, tubâ (Philippines) arrack, lambanog (Philippines)
Honey mead, horilka (Ukraine), sima (Finland), tej (Ethiopia) Medica (Croatia), distilled mead, honey-flavored liqueur
Milk kumis, kefir, blaand arkhi (Mongolia)
Sugar fermented water, kilju (Finland) shōchū (kokutō shōchū): made from brown sugar (Japan) or rum
Walnuts Orahovac (Croatia, Serbia)

Fermented drinks[]

Founders Old Curmudgeon old ale
A hard cider produced in Michigan, U.S.
Palm wine is collected, fermented and stored in calabashes in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Desi daru from India
  • Beer
    • Ale
      • Barleywine
      • Bitter ale
      • Brown ale
      • Cask ale
      • Mild ale
      • Old ale
      • Pale ale
        • Scotch ale
      • Porter (dark beer made from brown malt)
        • Stout (strong Porter)
      • Stock ale
    • Fruit beer
    • Lager
      • Pale lager (also "dry beer", made with a slow acting yeast that ferments at a low temperature while being stored)
        • Bock (strong lager)
        • Maerzen/Oktoberfest Beer
        • Pilsener (lighter lager brewed with partially malted barley)
      • Schwarzbier (dark lager)
    • Sahti (Finnish)
    • Small beer (very low alcohol)
    • Wheat beer (or "Hefeweizen", made with wheat in addition to malted barley)
      • Witbier ("White Beer", made with herbs or fruit instead of or in addition to hops)
  • Cauim (made from cassava or maize)
  • Cheongju (Korean, made from rice)
  • Chicha (made from cassava, maize root, grape, apple or other fruits)
  • Cider (made from apple juice or other fruit juice)
  • Desi daru (made by fermenting molasses or high sugar containing fruits)
  • Fermented water (made from sugar)
    • Kilju (Finnish)
  • Huangjiu (made from rice, millet, or wheat using a special starter culture of yeast, mold, and bacteria)
  • Kasiri (made from cassava)
  • Kumis (Central Asia, traditionally made from horse milk but now primarily cow milk)
  • Makgeolli (Korean, made from rice)
  • Mead (made from honey)
  • Nihamanchi (South America) a.k.a. nijimanche (Ecuador and Peru) (made from cassava)
  • Palm wine (made from the sap of various palm trees)
  • Parakari (made from cassava)
  • Pulque (originally made by the natives of Mexico, made from the sap of the maguey plant)
  • Sake (made from (polished) rice)
  • Sakurá (made from cassava)
  • Sato
  • Sonti
  • Tapuy (Philippines, made from glutinous rice)
  • Tepache
  • Tiswin (made from corn or saguaro, a large cactus)
  • Tonto
  • Wine
    • Coca wine
    • Fortified wine
      • Port
      • Madeira
      • Marsala
      • Sherry
      • Vermouth
      • Vinsanto
    • Fruit wine
    • Table wine
    • Sangria
    • Sparkling wine
      • Champagne

Distilled beverages[]

A reservoir glass filled with a naturally colored verte absinthe, next to an absinthe spoon
Various views of a bottle of mezcal. The "worm", which is actually the larval form of the moth Hypopta agavis that lives on the agave plant, can be seen in the middle image, at the bottom of the bottle.
Various bottles and containers of Russian vodka

Definition[]

A distilled beverage, spirit drink, or liquor is an alcoholic drink containing ethanol that is produced by distillation (i.e., concentrating by distillation) of ethanol produced by means of fermenting grains, fruits, botanicals, vegetables, seeds, or roots.[4] Vodka, gin, baijiu, shōchū, soju, tequila, rum, whisky, brandy and singani are examples of distilled drinks. Beer, wine, cider, sake and huangjiu are examples of fermented drinks.

Hard liquor is used in North America, and India, to distinguish distilled drinks from undistilled ones, and to suggest that undistilled are implicitly weaker.

List of known liquors[]

The following are liquors being produced around the world (by type, then alphabetically):

Cane sugar/sugar beet/honey distillations[]

Fruit distillations[]

Grain-based distillations[]

  • Barley distillations
    • Gin
    • ManX Spirit (United kingdom)
    • London dry gin
    • Whisky
      • Irish whiskey
      • Japanese whisky
      • Scotch whisky a.k.a. Scottish whiskey, scotch
  • Corn distillations
  • Oat distillations
    • Whiskey
      • American Whiskey
  • Malt distillations
    • Jenever a.k.a. Genever
    • Gin
  • Rice distillations
    • Awamori (Japan)
    • Soju (Korea)
    • Mirin (Japan)
    • Shōchū (Japan)
    • Baijiu (China)
  • Rye distillations
    • Horilka a.k.a. Samohon
    • Rye Whiskey
  • Sorghum distillations
    • Baijiu a.k.a. Shaojiu (China)
      • Maotai a.k.a. Moutai
      • Kaoliang liquor a.k.a. Gaoling liquor, sorghum liquor
  • Wheat distillations
    • Horilka a.k.a. Samohon
    • Vodka
  • Unspecified/multiple grain distillations
    • Neutral grain spirit

Herbal distillations[]

Plant-base distillations[]

  • Agave distillations
    • Mezcal
    • Tequila

Seed/botanical distillations[]

Where the seed or botanical is the dominant flavorant:

  • Anise distillations
    • Absinthe
    • Akvavit
    • Arak
    • Rakı
  • distillations
    • Arrack
  • Gin
  • Geist

Tree distillations[]

  • Palm tree distillations
  • Birch tree distillations
    • (Norway)

Vegetable distillations[]

  • Potato distillations
    • Horilka a.k.a. Samohon
    • Vodka

Complex/multiple distillations[]

Liqueur[]

Main article: List of liqueurs

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b "Minimum Legal Age Limits". Iard.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  2. ^ "winemaking: Red Raspberry Wine". Winemaking.jackkeller.net. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  3. ^ "muratina: A Kenyan alcoholic drink made from the dried fruit of sausage tree (Kigelia africana)". Retrieved 18 April 2021.
  4. ^ "Distilled spirit - alcoholic beverage". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
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