List of amphibians

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The temnospondyl Eryops had sturdy limbs to support its body on land
Red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) with limbs and feet specialised for climbing
Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus), a primitive salamander
The bright colours of the common reed frog (Hyperolius viridiflavus) are typical of a toxic species
The Wallace's flying frog (Rhacophorus nigropalmatus) can parachute to the forest floor from high in the trees.

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.

A list of amphibians organizes the class of amphibian by family and subfamilies and mentions the number of species in each of them.

The list below largely follows Darrel Frost's Amphibian Species of the World (ASW), Version 5.5 (31 January 2011). Another classification, which largely follows Frost, but deviates from it in part is the one of AmphibiaWeb, by the University of California, Berkeley. The major differences between these two classifications are:

  • Frost's ASW has split several families off from other families (i.e. elevated to distinct families), whereas AmphibiaWeb has not (i.e., keeping them within the original families as subfamilies):
    • From Dendrobatidae: Aromobatidae
    • From Myobatrachidae: Limnodynastidae
    • From Ranidae: Ceratobatrachidae, Dicroglossidae, Mantellidae, Micrixalidae, Nyctibatrachidae, Petropedetidae, Phrynobatrachidae, Ptychadenidae, Pyxicephalidae, Ranixalidae, Rhacophoridae
  • AmphibiaWeb has also split a few families off from other families (i.e. elevated to distinct families), where Frost's ASW has not (i.e., keeping them within the original families):
    • From Alytidae: Discoglossidae
    • From Leiopelmatidae: Ascaphidae
    • From Ambystomatidae: Dicamptodontidae
    • From Caeciliidae: Scolecomorphidae, Typhlonectidae
    • From Ichthyophiidae: Uraeotyphlidae

Class Amphibia[]

See also: List of chordate orders

There are a total of 69 amphibian species in three orders.[1]

Order Anura: Frogs and Toads[]

As of 29 August 2020, 7243 species of frogs and toads are recognised by Amphibian Species of the World.[1]

Suborder Archaeobatrachia[]

  • Family Alytidae - Painted Frogs or Disc-Tongued frogs, 12 species. Includes the genus Discoglossus (5 species) which is sometimes considered a distinct family, Discoglossidae.
  • Family Bombinatoridae - Fire testi toads, 8 species
  • Family Leiopelmatidae - New Zealand primitive frogs, 3 species in genus Leiopelma.
  • Family Ascaphidae - Tailed Frogs. Two species in genus Ascaphus. Sometimes considered part of family Leiopelmatidae.

Suborder Mesobatrachia[]

  • Family Megophryidae - litter frogs or short legged toads, 268 species
    • Subfamily - Asian spadefoot toads, 106 species
  • Family Pelobatidae - European spadefoot toads, 6 species
  • Family Pelodytidae - Parsley frogs, 5 species
  • Family Pipidae - tongueless frogs, 41 species
  • Family Rhinophrynidae - Mexican burrowing toad, 1 species
  • Family Scaphiopodidae - American spadefoot toads, 7 species

Suborder Neobatrachia[]

  • Family Allophrynidae - Tukeit Hill Frogs, 3 species
  • Family Alsodidae - 30 species
  • Family Arthroleptidae - screeching frogs or squeakers, 149 species
    • Subfamily Arthroleptinae - 67 species
    • Subfamily Astylosterninae - 30 species
    • Subfamily Leptopelinae - 52 species
  • Family: Batrachylidae, 12 species
  • Superfamily - 1170 species
    • Family Brachycephalidae - saddleback toads, 74 species
    • Family Craugastoridae - 865 species
    • Subfamily - 573 species; includes species formerly in subfamily [[Strabomantinae]
    • Subfamily Craugastorinae - 139 species
    • Subfamily Holoadeninae - 153 species
    • Family Eleutherodactylidae - 201 species
      • Subfamily Eleutherodactylinae - 217 species
      • Subfamily Phyzelaphryninae - 12 species
  • Family Brevicipitidae - 36 species
  • Family Bufonidae - true toads, 627 species
  • Family Calyptocephalellidae - 5 species
  • Family Centrolenidae - glass frogs, 156 species
  • Family Ceratobatrachidae - 102 species
    • Subfamily Alcalinae - 5 species
    • Subfamily - 90 species
    • Subfamily - 7 species
  • Family Ceratophryidae - 12 species, formerly contained Batrachylidae and Telmatobiidae as subfamilies
  • Family Conrauidae - 6 species
  • Family Cycloramphidae - 36 species, formerly contained Alsodidae as subfamily
  • Superfamily Dendrobatoidea - 328 species
    • Family Aromobatidae - 128 species, considered a subfamily of Dendrobatidae by AmphibiaWeb
      • Subfamily Allobatinae - 55 species
      • Subfamily - 34 species
      • Subfamily Aromobatinae - 38 species
    • Family Dendrobatidae - poison dart frogs, 200 species
  • Family Dicroglossidae - 212 species
    • Subfamily Dicroglossinae - 197 species
    • Subfamily Occidozyginae - 15 species
  • Family Heleophrynidae - ghost frogs, 7 species
  • Family Hemiphractidae - 118 species
    • Subfamily - 8 species
    • Subfamily Hemiphractinae - 110 species
  • Family Hemisotidae - shovelnose frogs, 9 species
  • Family Hylidae - tree frogs, 734 species; formerly contained families Pelodryadidae and Phyllomedusidae as subfamilies
    • Subfamily Acrisinae - 21 species
    • Subfamily - 187 species
    • Subfamily - 111 species
    • Subfamily Hylinae - 173 species
    • Subfamily - 88 species
    • Subfamily - 13 species
    • Subfamily - 140 species
  • Family Hylodidae - 47 species
  • Family Hyperoliidae - sedge frogs or bush frogs, 228 species
  • Family Leiopelmatidae - 3 species; formerly part of Ascaphidae
  • Family Leiuperidae - 86 species
  • Family Leptodactylidae - southern frogs or tropical frogs, 219 species
  • Family Mantellidae - 231 species, formerly considered part of the family Ranidae
  • Family Micrixalidae - 24 species, considered part of the family Ranidae by AmphibiaWeb
  • Family Microhylidae - narrow-mouthed frogs, 698 species
    • Subfamily Adelastinae - 1 species
    • Subfamily Asterophryinae - 349 species
    • Subfamily Cophylinae - 113 species
    • Subfamily Dyscophinae - 3 species
    • Subfamily Gastrophryninae - 79 species
    • Subfamily - 3 species
    • Subfamily Kalophryninae - 26 species
    • Subfamily Melanobatrachinae - 1 species
    • Subfamily Microhylinae - 101 species
    • Subfamily - 6 species
    • Subfamily Phrynomerinae - 5 species
    • Subfamily Scaphiophryninae - 11 species
  • Superfamily - 132 species
  • Family Nasikabatrachidae - 2 species; formerly included in family Sooglossidae
  • Family Nyctibatrachidae - 39 species; formerly considered part of the family Ranidae
    • Subfamily Astrobatrachinae - 1 species
    • Subfamily Lankanectinae - 2 species
    • Subfamily Nyctibatrachinae - 36 species
  • Family Odontobatrachidae - 5 species
  • Family Odontophrynidae - 52 species
  • Family Pelodryadidae - 215 species; formerly a subfamily of Hylidae
    • Subfamily Litoriinae - 93 species
    • Subfamily Pelodryadinae - 115 species
  • Family Petropedetidae - 13 species; formerly considered part of Ranidae
  • Family Phrynobatrachidae - 95 species; formerly considered part of Ranidae
  • Family Phyllomedusidae - 66 species; formerly a subfamily of Hylidae
  • Family Ptychadenidae - 60 species, formerly considered part of Ranidae
  • Family Pyxicephalidae - 85 species; formerly considered part of Ranidae
    • Subfamily Cacosterninae - 79 species
    • Subfamily Pyxicephalinae - 6 species
  • Family Ranidae - true frogs, 409 species
  • Family Ranixalidae - 18 species, formerly considered part of the family Ranidae
  • Family Rhacophoridae - moss frogs, 430 species, formerly considered part of the family Ranidae
    • Subfamily Buergeriinae - 5 species
    • Subfamily Rhacophorinae - 425 species
  • Family Sooglossidae Seychelles frogs, 4 species.
  • Family Telmatobiidae - 63 species

Order Caudata: Salamanders[]

As of 29 August 2020, 759 species of salamanders are recognised by Amphibian Species of the World.[1]

Suborder Cryptobranchoidea[]

  • Family Cryptobranchidae - giant salamanders, 4 species
  • Family Hynobiidae - Asiatic salamanders, 81 species
      • Subfamily , 71 species
      • Subfamily Onychodactylinae - 10 species

Suborder Salamandroidea[]

  • Family Ambystomatidae - mole salamanders, 37 species. The Pacific mole salamanders of genus Dicamptodon (4 species) are considered a distinct family, Dicamptodontidae, by AmphibiaWeb:
  • Family Amphiumidae - Amphiumas or Congo eels, 3 species
  • Family Plethodontidae - lungless salamanders, 488 species
    • Subfamily Hemidactyliinae - 382 species; includes species formerly assigned to subfamilies Bolitoglossinae and Spelerpinae.
    • Subfamily: Plethodontinae - 106 species
  • Family Proteidae - mudpuppies and waterdogs, 9 species
  • Family Rhyacotritonidae - torrent salamanders, 4 species
  • Family Salamandridae - true salamanders and newts, 128 species
    • Subfamily Pleurodelinae, 110 species
    • Subfamily Salamandrinae, 16 species
    • Subfamily Salamandrininae, 2 species

Suborder Sirenoidea[]

Order Gymnophiona: Caecilian[]

As of 29 August 2020, 214 species of caecilians are recognised by Amphibian Species of the World.[1]


See also[]

Sources[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Frost, Darrel R. "ASW Home". Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Retrieved 29 August 2020.

External links[]


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