List of countries by date of recognition of the United States
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This is a list of nations by when they recognized the United States.[1]
State | Date | Notes |
---|---|---|
France | February 6, 1778[2] | Treaty of peace and trade signed by the Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes on the behalf of King Louis XVI.
Louis XVI previously stated that he recognized the sovereignty of the United States on December 6, 1777 but he had not signed the treaty.[2] |
Netherlands | April 19, 1782 | |
Spain | February 20, 1783 | |
Sweden | April 3, 1783 | |
Ragusa | July 7, 1783[3] | de facto recognition |
Venice | August 1783[4] | |
Great Britain | September 3, 1783 | Signing of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, ending the American Revolutionary War and recognizing U.S. independence. |
Papal States | December 15, 1784 | |
Prussia | September 18, 1785 | |
Kingdom of Morocco | June, 1786[5] | The date of recognition is disputed; some claim the December 20, 1777 letter by Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah granting Americans access to Moroccan ports was sufficient for recognition, but recognition at the time generally required "concrete action, acknowledgment, or at least tacit acceptance by the power being recognized" which was absent in 1777.[5] |
Hamburg | June 17, 1790 | |
Portugal | May 13, 1791 | |
Genoa | October 25, 1791 | |
Denmark | June 9, 1792 | |
Bremen | May 28, 1794 | |
Tuscany | May 29, 1794 | Exact date of recognition unknown, but occurred between May 29, 1794 and December 7, 1796. |
Algeria | September 5, 1795[6] | |
Tunisia | June, 1796[7] | Some time in mid-1796. |
Naples | May 20, 1796 | |
Tripolitania | November 4, 1796 | |
Austria | 1797 | Month and day unspecified |
Piedmont-Sardinia | 1802 | Month and day unspecified |
Russian Empire | October 28, 1803[8] | |
Mecklenburg-Schwerin | January 22, 1816 | |
Württemberg | November 21, 1825 | |
Hawaii | December 23, 1826[9] | |
Hesse | May 14, 1829 | |
Oldenburg | December 2, 1829 | |
Hanover | January 8, 1830 | |
Ottoman Empire | February 11, 1830 | |
Baden | July 13, 1832 | |
Bavaria | July 4, 1833 | |
Oman | September 21, 1833[10] | |
Republic of Texas | March 3, 1837[11] | |
China | June 16, 1844[12] | |
Nassau | May 27, 1846 | |
Brunswick | April 5, 1848 | |
Parma | June 1850 | |
Iran | June 28, 1850 | |
Schaumburg-Lippe | June 16, 1852 | |
Mecklenburg-Strelitz | December 2, 1853 | |
Japan | March 31, 1854 | Perry Expedition |
Ryukyu | July 11, 1854 | |
Italy | April 11, 1861[13] | |
Orange Free State | December 22, 1871[14] | |
Serbia | October 14, 1881[15] | |
Korea | May 22, 1882[16] | |
Abyssinia (Ethiopia) | December 27, 1903[17] | |
Montenegro | October 30, 1905[18] | |
Yugoslavia | February 10, 1919[19] | |
Afghanistan | July 26, 1921[20] | |
Albania | July 28, 1922 | |
Canada | February 18, 1927[21] | |
South Africa | November 5, 1929[22] | |
Iraq | January 9, 1930[23] | |
Soviet Union | November 16, 1933[8][24] | |
South Korea | January 1, 1949[25] | |
Taiwan | December 19, 1949[12] | |
South Vietnam | February 7, 1950[26] | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | April 7, 1992[27] | |
Slovenia | April 7, 1992[28] | |
North Macedonia | February 9, 1994[29] | |
Vietnam | January 28, 1995[26] | |
Serbia and Montenegro | November 12, 2000[30] | |
East Timor | May 20, 2002[31] | |
Kosovo | February 18, 2008[32] | |
South Sudan | July 9, 2011[33] |
See also[]
- Diplomatic relations of the United States
References[]
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776". United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "La France reconnaît l'indépendance des Etats Unis. 1778". www.vallee-du-ciron.com. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
- ^ Muljačić, Žarko (1956-06-04). "Odnosi Dubrovnika i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država". NAŠE MORE : Znanstveni časopis za more i pomorstvo (in Croatian). 3 (1): 65–70. ISSN 0469-6255.
- ^ Ambrosini, Federica (1975). "Un incontro mancato: Venezia e Stati Uniti d'America (1776-1797)". Archivio Veneto. 106 (140): 136–137.
- ^ a b Brown Wells, Sherrill (September 1987). "Long-time friends: early U.S.-Moroccan relations, 1777-87". Department of State Bulletin. 87: 1–13. ISSN 0041-7610.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Algeria". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1775. United States Department of State. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Tunisia". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ a b Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Russia". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Hawaii". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
On December 23, 1826, the U.S. signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Hawaii thus indirectly recognizing Hawaiian independence.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Oman". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
The first formal act of diplomatic engagement and recognition between the United States and the Sultanate of Oman occurred on September 21, 1833, when a bilateral treaty of Amity and Commerce was signed at Muscat by Special Agent Edmund Roberts and His Majesty Seyed Syeed bin Sultan of Muscat.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Texas". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
The United States recognized Texan independence on March 3, 1837, when U.S. President Andrew Jackson nominated Alcée La Branche as Minister to Texas.
- ^ a b Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "China". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Italy". A Guide to the United States�� History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
The United States officially recognized the Kingdom of Italy when it accepted the credentials of Chevalier Joseph Bertinatti as Minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Italy on April 11, 1861.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Orange Free State". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
The first known act of recognition between the United States and the Republic of the Orange Free State occurred in 1871 when plenipotentiaries for the two states signed a Convention of Friendship and Commerce and Extradition on December 22, 1871.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
The United States recognized the Kingdom of Serbia as a sovereign nation on October 14, 1881, with the signing of consular and commercial agreements between the two nations.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Korea". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
The United States and the Kingdom of Choson (Korea) engaged in their first official diplomatic interaction on May 22, 1882, when representatives of the two states signed a treaty of amity and commerce at Chemulpo, Korea. The treaty had been negotiated with the assistance of Chinese officials, since China had for many years had influence in Korea’s foreign affairs due to a historical tributary relationship between the two countries. In fact, Korea was an independent state and this fact was acknowledged in the treaty.
- ^ "History of the U.S. and Ethiopia". U.S. Embassy in Ethiopia. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Montenegro". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia*". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
On February 7, 1919, the United States recognized the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes through a statement released to the press by the U.S. Acting Secretary of State Frank Polk. The United States considered this new state as the successor state to the Kingdom of Serbia.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Afghanistan". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
The United States recognized Afghanistan on July 26, 1921, when President Warren G. Harding received a mission of the Afghan Government at the White House.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Canada". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
The United States recognized Canada as an independent state with autonomous control over its foreign relations on February 18, 1927, when Vincent Massey presented his credentials in Washington as Canadian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "South Africa". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
The United States recognized the Union of South Africa on November 5, 1929, when President Herbert Hoover accepted the credentials of Eric Hendrik Louw as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Union of South Africa.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Iraq". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
The United States recognized Iraq on January 9, 1930, when Charles G. Dawes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, signed the Anglo-American-Iraqi Convention in London.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics*". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
Normal diplomatic relations between the United States and Russia were interrupted in 1917 and were resumed on November 16, 1933, when President Franklin Roosevelt informed Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov that the United States recognized the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and wished to establish normal diplomatic relations.
- ^ "North America". South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on 2015-07-22. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
January 1, 1949 : U.S. Official Recognition of the Republic of Korea
- ^ a b Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Vietnam". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Bosnia and Herzegovina". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
The United States recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Slovenia". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
The United States recognized Slovenia as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "North Macedonia". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Serbia". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Timor-Leste". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "Kosovo". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
The United States recognized Kosovo’s independence and agreed to establish diplomatic relations on February 18, 2008, when Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice released a press statement announcing President George W. Bush’s decisions.
- ^ Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. "South Sudan". A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
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- United States history-related lists
- Diplomatic recognition