List of ethnic minority politicians in the United Kingdom
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2015) |
The list of people who belong to ethnic minorities who have been elected as Members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, European Union, and other British devolved assemblies and also Members of the non-elected House of Lords.
In 2001, Muhammad Anwar of Warwick University wrote a paper titled "The participation of ethnic minorities in British politics" that was published in the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (2001) that in part examined the representation of ethnic minorities at national levels of the British political system.[1] In a chapter in the edited book Race and British Electoral Politics (Routledge, 1998), Andrew Geddes, now Professor of Politics at University of Sheffield, explored the question of "what factors contribute to low levels of ethnic minority representation in the House of Commons".[2]
According to a research paper from House of Commons of the United Kingdom Library, published in 2020, the first ethnic minority MP was elected in 1767[3] - excluding Jews, who a House of Commons Library briefing paper states generally considered themselves to be a religious rather than an ethnic minority in the 18th/19th century.[4] This was James Townsend, a Whig MP whose mother was of African origin. Townsend later became the first Black Mayor of London in 1772.[5]
Following the election of Anas Sarwar as Scottish Labour Party leader in February 2021, he was described as the first person from an ethnic minority to lead a major British political party,[6] which led to debate about why Jewish party leaders had been excluded from this comparison.[7][8][9] Stephen Bush, the political editor of the New Statesman, wrote that "As far as British law is concerned, the answer is open-and-shut: we count as both an ethnic and a religious grouping for the purpose of equalities and employment law." He stated: "Whether Benjamin Disraeli would feel today that he were an ethnic-minority Briton is unknowable: but we can say with copper-bottomed certainty that he and other ethnically-Jewish Britons faced what we would now recognise as workplace discrimination in addition to the open dissemination of racist tropes about Disraeli and his family by his political opponents."[9] The House of Commons Library briefing paper notes that the first practising Jew to sit in the Commons was Lionel de Rothschild, who was first elected in 1847 but who refused to take the Christian oath that MPs are required to swear. He took his seat once the rules had been changed, allowing him to swear on the Old Testament.[4]
At the 2001 general election, the Parliament of the United Kingdom had twelve ethnic minority Members of Parliament (excluding Jews), and after the 2005 general election; that number increased to fifteen.[10] With the 2010 general election, the Parliament of the United Kingdom reported that the number of ethnic minority MPs increased by nearly three-quarters, to a total of 26.[11] The first three Muslim female MPs were elected.[11] All ethnic minority MPs were either Labour (15) or Conservative (11).[11] In October 2013, the UK Parliament reported that the number of ethnic minority MPs stood at 27, or 4.2% of the total.[12]
After the 2015 general election, 41 MPs from an ethnic minority background were elected to Parliament. 25 of the previous 27 ethnic minority MPs retained their seats and were joined by 16 new ethnic minority MPs. 23 were from the Labour Party, 17 of them were Conservatives and one from the SNP.[13] In the 2017 general election, 52 ethnic minority MPs were elected, including 32 Labour MPs, 19 Conservatives and one Liberal Democrat, according to think tank British Future[14] and the House of Commons Library.[4][15] In the 2019 general election, this figure rose to 65, with 22 Conservative, 41 Labour and two Liberal Democrat non-white MPs.[16]
Based on data from unofficial sources including Operation Black Vote, the House of Commons Library estimated that there were 50 ethnic minority members of the House of Lords as of October 2020. Of these, 10 were affiliated with the Labour Party, 14 were crossbenchers, 14 were Conservatives, 6 were Liberal Democrats, and 6 were non-affiliated.[17]
List of ethnic minority Members of the Cabinet in the House of Commons[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | First office held | Year joined | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Paul Boateng[18] | Brent South | Chief Secretary to the Treasury (attending Cabinet) | 2002 | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Sadiq Khan[19] | Tooting | Minister of State for Transport (attending Cabinet) | 2009 | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | Sajid Javid[20] | Bromsgrove | Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport | 2013 | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | Priti Patel[21] | Witham | Secretary of State for International Development | 2016 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Alok Sharma[22] | Reading West | Secretary of State for International Development | 2019 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | James Cleverly[23] | Braintree | Minister without Portfolio | 2019 | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Conservative | Rishi Sunak[24] | Richmond (Yorks) | Chief Secretary to the Treasury (attending Cabinet) | 2019 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Suella Braverman[25] | Fareham | Attorney General for England and Wales (attending Cabinet) | 2020 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Kwasi Kwarteng[26] | Spelthorne | Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy | 2021 | Black British |
List of ethnic minority Ministers in the House of Commons[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | First office held | Year joined | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Paul Boateng[27] | Brent South | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Disabled People | 1997 | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Keith Vaz[28] | Leicester East | Minister of State for Europe | 1999 | British Indian | ||
Labour | David Lammy[29] | Tottenham | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Public Health | 2002 | Black British | ||
Labour | Parmjit Dhanda[30] | Gloucester | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Education and Skills | 2006 | British Indian | ||
Labour | Shahid Malik[31] | Dewsbury | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for International Development | 2007 | British Pakistani | ||
Labour | Sadiq Khan[32] | Tooting | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government | 2008 | British Pakistani | ||
Labour | Dawn Butler[33] | Brent South | Minister of State for Youth Affairs | 2009 | Black British | ||
Conservative | Sajid Javid[34] | Bromsgrove | Economic Secretary to the Treasury | 2012 | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | Helen Grant[35] | Maidstone and The Weald | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Equalities | 2012 | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Conservative | Shailesh Vara[36] | North West Cambridgeshire | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Courts and Legal Aid | 2013 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Priti Patel[37] | Witham | Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury | 2014 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Sam Gyimah[38] | East Surrey | Minister for the Constitution | 2014 | Black British | ||
Conservative | Alok Sharma[39] | Reading West | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Asia and the Pacific | 2016 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Kwasi Kwarteng[40] | Spelthorne | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union | 2018 | Black British | ||
Conservative | Nadhim Zahawi[41] | Stratford-on-Avon | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Children and Families | 2018 | British Iraqi | ||
Conservative | Suella Braverman[42] | Fareham | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union | 2018 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Rishi Sunak[43] | Richmond (Yorks) | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Local Government | 2018 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Nus Ghani[44] | Wealden | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Aviation and Maritime | 2018 | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | James Cleverly[45] | Braintree | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union | 2019 | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Conservative | Kemi Badenoch[46] | Saffron Walden | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Children and Families | 2019 | Black British | ||
Conservative | Seema Kennedy[47] | South Ribble | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Public Health and Primary Care | 2019 | British Iranian/White Irish (Mixed) | ||
Conservative | Ranil Jayawardena[48] | North East Hampshire | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State International Trade | 2020 | British Sri Lankan | ||
Conservative | Alan Mak[49] | Havant | Lord Commissioner of the Treasury | 2021 | British Chinese |
List of ethnic minority Members of Parliament[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Year elected | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | James Townsend[50] | West Looe | 1767 | 1774 | Resigned | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Calne | 1782 | 1787 | Died in office | |||||
Whig | [51] | Bridport, Arundel and Leominster | 1780 | 1796 | Died in office | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Conservative | John Stewart[52] | Lymington | 1832 | 1847 | Defeated | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Whig | Alexander Raphael[53] | Carlow County | 1835 | 1835 | Unseated by petition | British Armenian | ||
St Albans | 1847 | 1850 | Died in office | |||||
Whig | David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre[12][54] | Sudbury | 1841 | 1842 | Unseated by petition | Anglo-Indian | ||
Whig | Henry Galgacus Redhead Yorke[55] | City of York | 1841 | 1848 | Committed suicide | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Liberal | Peter McLagan | Linlithgowshire | 1865 | 1893 | Resigned | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Liberal | Dadabhai Naoroji[12][54] | Finsbury Central | 1892 | 1895 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Mancherjee Bhownagree[12][54] | Bethnal Green North East | 1895 | 1906 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
Liberal | Ernest Soares[56] | Barnstaple | 1900 | 1911 | Resigned due to failing health | Anglo-Indian[57] | ||
Liberal | H. F. B. Lynch[58] | Ripon | 1906 | 1910 | Defeated | British Armenian/White British (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Shapurji Saklatvala[12] | Battersea North | 1922 | 1923 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
Communist | 1924 | 1929 | Defeated | |||||
Labour | Diane Abbott[12][59] | Hackney North and Stoke Newington | 1987 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Paul Boateng[12][59] | Brent South | 1987 | 2005 | Retired | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Bernie Grant[12][59] | Tottenham | 1987 | 2000 | Died in office | Black British | ||
Labour | Keith Vaz[12][59] | Leicester East | 1987 | 2019 | Retired | British Indian | ||
Labour | Ashok Kumar[59][10] | Langbaurgh | 1991 | 1992 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland | 1997 | 2010 | Died in office | |||||
Conservative | Sebastian Coe[60][61][62][63] | Falmouth and Camborne | 1992 | 1997 | Defeated | Anglo-Indian | ||
Conservative | Nirj Deva[59] | Brentford and Isleworth | 1992 | 1997 | Defeated | British Sri Lankan | ||
Labour | Piara Singh Khabra[59] | Ealing Southall | 1992 | 2007 | Died in office | British Indian | ||
Labour | Oona King[59] | Bethnal Green & Bow | 1997 | 2005 | Defeated | African American/White British (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Mohammad Sarwar[59] | Glasgow Central | 1997 | 2010 | Retired | British Pakistani | ||
Labour | Marsha Singh[59] | Bradford West | 1997 | 2012 | Resigned due to failing health | British Indian | ||
Labour Co-op | Mark Hendrick[4] | Preston | 2000 | Serving | Somali/White British (Mixed) | |||
Labour | David Lammy[12] | Tottenham | 2000 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Parmjit Singh Dhanda[10] | Gloucester | 2001 | 2010 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
Labour | Khalid Mahmood[12] | Birmingham Perry Barr | 2001 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Liberal Democrats | Parmjit Singh Gill[12][10] | Leicester South | 2004 | 2005 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Adam Afriyie[12][10] | Windsor | 2005 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Labour | Dawn Butler[4] | Brent South | 2005 | 2010 | Defeated | Black British | ||
Brent Central | 2015 | Serving | ||||||
Labour | Sadiq Khan[12] | Tooting | 2005 | 2016 | Resigned to become Mayor of London | British Pakistani | ||
Labour | Shahid Malik[64] | Dewsbury | 2005 | 2010 | Defeated | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | Shailesh Vara[12][10] | North West Cambridgeshire | 2005 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Virendra Sharma[4] | Ealing Southall | 2007 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Rushanara Ali[12] | Bethnal Green and Bow | 2010 | Serving | British Bangladeshi | |||
Conservative | Rehman Chishti[12] | Gillingham and Rainham | 2010 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Conservative | Helen Grant[12] | Maidstone and The Weald | 2010 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Conservative | Sam Gyimah[12] | East Surrey | 2010 | 2019 | Expelled from Conservatives, joined Liberal Democrats | Black British | ||
Liberal Democrats | 2019 | 2019 | Defeated | |||||
Conservative | Sajid Javid[12] | Bromsgrove | 2010 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Conservative | Kwasi Kwarteng[12] | Spelthorne | 2010 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Shabana Mahmood[11] | Birmingham Ladywood | 2010 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Lisa Nandy[12] | Wigan | 2010 | Serving | Anglo-Indian | |||
Labour | Chi Onwurah[12] | Newcastle upon Tyne Central | 2010 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Conservative | Priti Patel[12] | Witham | 2010 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Yasmin Qureshi[12] | Bolton South East | 2010 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Anas Sarwar[12] | Glasgow Central | 2010 | 2015 | Defeated | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | Alok Sharma[12] | Reading West | 2010 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Chuka Umunna[12] | Streatham | 2010 | 2019 (Crossed the floor in 2019) | Resigned from Labour, joined Change UK | Black British/White British/White Irish (Mixed) | ||
Change UK
|
2019 | 2019 | Resigned from Change UK, joined Liberal Democrats | |||||
Liberal Democrats | 2019 | 2019 | Defeated | |||||
Conservative | Paul Uppal[12] | Wolverhampton South West | 2010 | 2015 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
Labour | Valerie Vaz[12] | Walsall South | 2010 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Nadhim Zahawi[12] | Stratford-on-Avon | 2010 | Serving | British Iraqi | |||
Labour Co-op | Seema Malhotra[12] | Feltham and Heston | 2011 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | James Cleverly[54] | Braintree | 2015 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Labour | Thangam Debbonaire[4] | Bristol West | 2015 | Serving | Anglo-Indian | |||
Conservative | Suella Braverman[4] | Fareham | 2015 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Nus Ghani[4] | Wealden | 2015 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Imran Hussain[4] | Bradford East | 2015 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Rupa Huq[4] | Ealing Central and Acton | 2015 | Serving | British Bangladeshi | |||
Conservative | Ranil Jayawardena[4] | North East Hampshire | 2015 | Serving | British Sri Lankan | |||
Conservative | Seema Kennedy[4] | South Ribble | 2015 | 2019 | Retired | British Iranian/White Irish (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Clive Lewis[4] | Norwich South | 2015 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Conservative | Alan Mak[65] | Havant | 2015 | Serving | British Chinese | |||
Labour Co-op | Kate Osamor[66] | Edmonton | 2015 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Naz Shah[66] | Bradford West | 2015 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
SNP | Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh[67] | Ochil and South Perthshire | 2015 | 2017 | Defeated | British Pakistani/White British/Other White (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Tulip Siddiq[67] | Hampstead and Kilburn | 2015 | Serving | British Bangladeshi | |||
Conservative | Rishi Sunak[4] | Richmond | 2015 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Rosena Allin-Khan[4] | Tooting | 2016 | Serving | British Pakistani/Other White (Mixed) | |||
Conservative | Bim Afolami[67][4] | Hitchin and Harpenden | 2017 | Serving | Black British | |||
Conservative | Kemi Badenoch[67][4] | Saffron Walden | 2017 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Bambos Charalambous[67][4] | Enfield Southgate | 2017 | Serving | British Cypriot[68] | |||
Labour | Marsha de Cordova[67][4] | Battersea | 2017 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Tanmanjeet Singh Dhesi[67][4] | Slough | 2017 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour Co-op | Preet Gill[67][4] | Birmingham Edgbaston | 2017 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Afzal Khan[67][4] | Manchester Gorton | 2017 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Liberal Democrats | Layla Moran[67][69][70] | Oxford West and Abingdon | 2017 | Serving | British Palestinian/White British (Mixed) | |||
Labour | Fiona Onasanya | Peterborough | 2017 | 2018 (Crossed the floor in 2018) | Expelled from Labour, became an Independent | Black British | ||
Independent | 2018 | 2019 | Removed from office | |||||
Labour | Faisal Rashid[67][4] | Warrington South | 2017 | 2019 | Defeated | British Pakistani | ||
Labour | Eleanor Smith[67][71][4] | Wolverhampton South West | 2017 | 2019 | Defeated | Black British | ||
Labour | Mohammad Yasin[67][4] | Bedford | 2017 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Janet Daby[72][73] | Lewisham East | 2018 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Tahir Ali[17] | Birmingham Hall Green | 2019 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Apsana Begum[17] | Poplar and Limehouse | 2019 | Serving | British Bangladeshi | |||
Conservative | Saqib Bhatti[17] | Meriden | 2019 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Feryal Clark[17] | Enfield North | 2019 | Serving | British Turkish (Kurdish)[74] | |||
Conservative | Claire Coutinho[17] | East Surrey | 2019 | Serving | British Indian[75] | |||
Labour Co-op | Florence Eshalomi[17] | Vauxhall | 2019 | Serving | Black British | |||
Conservative | Darren Henry[17] | Broxtowe | 2019 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Kim Johnson[17] | Liverpool Riverside | 2019 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Conservative | Imran Ahmad Khan[17] | Wakefield | 2019 | Serving | British Pakistani/White British (Mixed) | |||
Labour | Nav Mishra[17] | Stockport | 2019 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Gagan Mohindra[17] | South West Hertfordshire | 2019 | Serving | British Indian[75] | |||
Labour | Abena Oppong-Asare[17] | Erith and Thamesmead | 2019 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Taiwo Owatemi[17] | Coventry North West | 2019 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Sarah Owen[17] | Luton North | 2019 | Serving | British Chinese/White British (Mixed) | |||
Labour | Bell Ribeiro-Addy[17] | Streatham | 2019 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Zarah Sultana[17] | Coventry South | 2019 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Liberal Democrats | Munira Wilson[17] | Twickenham | 2019 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Nadia Whittome[17] | Nottingham East | 2019 | Serving | Anglo-Indian | |||
Labour | Claudia Webbe[17] | Leicester East | 2019 | 2020 | Suspended from Labour, became an Independent | Black British | ||
Independent | 2020 | Serving | ||||||
SNP | Anum Qaisar-Javed[76] | Airdrie and Shotts | 2021 | Serving | British Pakistani |
List of ethnic minority Members of the Cabinet in the House of Lords[]
Party | Portrait | Name | First office held | Year joined | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos[77] | Secretary of State for International Development | 2003 | Black British | ||
Labour | Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland[78] | Attorney General for England and Wales (attending Cabinet) | 2007 | Black British | ||
Conservative | Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi[79] | Minister without Portfolio | 2010 | British Pakistani |
List of ethnic minority Ministers in the House of Lords[]
Party | Portrait | Name | First office held | Year joined | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha | Under-Secretary of State for India | 1919 | British Indian | ||
Labour | Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos[80] | Baroness-in-Waiting | 1998 | Black British | ||
Labour | Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland[81] | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs | 1999 | Black British | ||
Labour | Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham[82] | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health | 2007 | British Iraqi | ||
Labour | Shriti Vadera, Baroness Vadera[83] | Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Competitiveness and Small Business | 2008 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Sandip Verma, Baroness Verma[84] | Baroness-in-waiting | 2010 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Tariq Ahmad, Baron Ahmad of Wimbledon[85] | Lord-in-waiting | 2012 | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | Dolar Popat, Baron Popat[86] | Lord-in-waiting | 2013 | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Nosheena Mobarik, Baroness Mobarik[87] | Baroness-in-waiting | 2016 | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | Zahida Manzoor, Baroness Manzoor[88] | Baroness-in-waiting | 2018 | British Pakistani |
List of ethnic minority Members of the House of Lords[]
This section possibly contains original research. (January 2018) |
Party | Portraitl | Name | Year entered | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Satyendra Prasanno Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha[12] | 1919 | 1928 | Died | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted | 1921 | 1927 | Died | British Iraqi | ||
Conservative | Walter Samuel, 2nd Viscount Bearsted | 1927 | 1948 | Died | British Iraqi | ||
Liberal | [89] | 1945 | 1967 | Died | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | [90] | 1969 | 1989 | Died | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | Learie Constantine, Baron Constantine[12] | 1969 | 1971 | Died | Black British | ||
Labour | David Pitt, Baron Pitt of Hampstead[91] | 1975 | 1994 | Died | Black British | ||
Crossbench | Pratap Chitnis, Baron Chitnis[54] | 1977 | 2013 | Died | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | Lawrence Kadoorie, Baron Kadoorie | 1981 | 1993 | Died | British Iraqi | ||
Conservative Party | Shreela Flather, Baroness Flather[12][91] | 1990 | 2008 (Crossed the floor in 2008) | Resigned from the Conservative Party, now a Crossbencher | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | 2008 | Serving | |||||
Crossbench | Lydia Dunn, Baroness Dunn[92] | 1990 | 2010 | Permanently disqualified under the provisions of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 | British Chinese[93] | ||
Labour | Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai[12] | 1991 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Crossbench | Michael Nazir-Ali, Bishop of Rochester[94] | 1994 | 2009 | Retired | British Pakistani | ||
Crossbench | James Lindsay, 3rd Baron Lindsay of Birker[95][96] | 1995 | 1999 | Removed | British Chinese/White British (Mixed) | ||
Conservative Party | John Taylor, Baron Taylor of Warwick[12] | 1996 | 2011 (Crossed the floor in 2011) | Resigned from the Conservative Party, now a Crossbencher[97] | Black British | ||
Crossbench | 2011 | Serving | |||||
Conservative | Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi[92] | 1996 | Serving | British Iraqi | |||
Labour Party | Swraj Paul, Baron Paul[12] | 1996 | 2010 (Crossed the floor in 2010) | Resigned from the Labour Party, now a Crossbencher[98] | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | 2010 | Serving | |||||
Conservative | Raj Bagri, Baron Bagri[92] | 1997 | 2010 | Permanently disqualified under the provisions of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 | British Indian | ||
Labour | Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos[92] | 1997 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal[12] | 1997 | Serving | Black British | |||
Liberal Democrats | Navnit Dholakia, Baron Dholakia[12] | 1997 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Waheed Alli, Baron Alli[12] | 1998 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour Party | Pola Uddin, Baroness Uddin[12] | 1998 | 2010 (Crossed the floor in 2010) | Resigned from the Labour Party, now a Crossbencher[99] | British Bangladeshi | ||
Crossbench | 2010 | Serving | |||||
Labour Party | Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed[92] | 1998 | 2007 (Crossed the floor in 2007) | Expelled from the Labour Party, became a Crossbencher[100] | British Pakistani | ||
Crossbench | 2007 | 2020 | Resigned under threat of expulsion | ||||
Crossbench | [101][102] | 1999 | 1999 | Removed | British Indian | ||
Labour | Tarsem King, Baron King of West Bromwich[92] | 1999 | 2013 | Died | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | Usha Prashar, Baroness Prashar[12] | 1999 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Crossbench | Narendra Patel, Baron Patel[12] | 1999 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Rosalind Howells, Baroness Howells of St Davids[12] | 1999 | 2019 | Retired | Black British | ||
Conservative | Sebastian Coe, Baron Coe[60][61][62][63] | 2000 | Serving | Anglo-Indian | |||
Labour | Bhikhu Parekh, Baron Parekh[12] | 2000 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Adam Patel, Baron Patel of Blackburn[12] | 2000 | 2019 | Died | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | Herman Ouseley, Baron Ouseley[12] | 2001 | 2019 | Retired | Black British | ||
Crossbench | Victor Adebowale, Baron Adebowale[12] | 2001 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour Party | Amir Bhatia, Baron Bhatia[12] | 2001 | 2010 (Crossed the floor in 2010) | Resigned from the Labour Party, now a Crossbencher[103] | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | 2010 | Serving | |||||
Crossbench | Michael Chan, Baron Chan | 2001 | 2006 | Died | British Chinese | ||
Crossbench | John Sentamu, Baron Sentamu[4] | 2002 | 2020 | Retired as Archbishop of York, created a life peer in 2021 | Black British | ||
2021 | Serving | ||||||
Labour | Kumar Bhattacharyya, Baron Bhattacharyya[12] | 2004 | 2019 | Died | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | Diljit Rana, Baron Rana[12] | 2004 | 2016 (Crossed the floor in 2016) | Resigned from the Crossbenches, now a Conservative | British Indian | ||
Conservative | 2016 | Serving | |||||
Crossbench | Lola Young, Baroness Young of Hornsey[12] | 2004 | Serving | Black British | |||
Liberal Democrats | Kishwer Falkner, Baroness Falkner of Margravine[12] | 2004 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Liberal Democrats | David Alliance, Baron Alliance | 2004 | Serving | British Iranian | |||
Crossbench | Michael Hastings, Baron Hastings of Scarisbrick[12] | 2005 | Serving | Black British | |||
Conservative | Sandip Verma, Baroness Verma[12] | 2006 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Mohamed Sheikh, Baron Sheikh[12] | 2006 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Crossbench | Karan Bilimoria, Baron Bilimoria[12] | 2006 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Kamlesh Patel, Baron Patel of Bradford[12] | 2006 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Bill Morris, Baron Morris of Handsworth[12] | 2006 | 2020 | Retired | Black British | ||
Labour | Shriti Vadera, Baroness Vadera[92] | 2007 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Crossbench | Khalid Hameed, Baron Hameed[12] | 2007 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham[12] | 2007 | 2019 (Crossed the floor in 2019) | Resigned from the Labour Party, now a Crossbencher | British Iraqi | ||
Crossbench | 2019 | Serving | |||||
Conservative | Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi[12] | 2007 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Crossbench | Haleh Afshar, Baroness Afshar | 2007 | Serving | British Iranian | |||
Crossbench | Ajay Kakkar, Baron Kakkar[12] | 2010 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Nat Wei, Baron Wei[12] | 2010 | Serving | British Chinese | |||
Liberal Democrats | Meral Hussein-Ece, Baroness Hussein-Ece[12] | 2010 | Serving | British Turkish | |||
Liberal Democrats | Floella Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin[12] | 2010 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Paul Boateng, Baron Boateng[4] | 2010 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Conservative | Dolar Popat, Baron Popat[12] | 2010 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Bernard Ribeiro, Baron Ribeiro[104] | 2010 | Serving | Black British | |||
Conservative | Tariq Ahmad, Baron Ahmad of Wimbledon[12] | 2011 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Liberal Democrats | Qurban Hussain, Baron Hussain[12] | 2011 | 2015 (Crossed the floor in 2015) | Resigned from the Liberal Democrats, now a Crossbencher | British Pakistani | ||
Crossbench | 2015 | Serving | |||||
Labour | Oona King, Baroness King of Bow[59] | 2011 | Serving | African American/White British (Mixed) | |||
Liberal Democrats | Raj Loomba, Baron Loomba[12] | 2011 | 2016 (Crossed the floor in 2016) | Resigned from the Liberal Democrats, now a Crossbencher | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | 2016 | Serving | |||||
Labour | Gulam Noon, Baron Noon | 2011 | 2015 | Died | British Indian | ||
Crossbench | Indarjit Singh, Baron Singh of Wimbledon[12] | 2011 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Liberal Democrats | Zahida Manzoor, Baroness Manzoor[12] | 2013 | 2016 (Crossed the floor in 2016) | Resigned from the Liberal Democrats, now a Conservative | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | 2016 | Serving | |||||
Liberal Democrats | Rumi Verjee, Baron Verjee[12] | 2013 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Doreen Lawrence, Baroness Lawrence of Clarendon[12] | 2013 | Serving | Black British | |||
Conservative | Ranbir Singh Suri, Baron Suri | 2014 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Nosheena Mobarik, Baroness Mobarik | 2014 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Conservative | Ruby McGregor-Smith, Baroness McGregor-Smith[104] | 2015 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Liberal Democrats | Shas Sheehan, Baroness Sheehan[104] | 2015 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Conservative | Jitesh Gadhia, Baron Gadhia | 2016 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Shami Chakrabarti, Baroness Chakrabarti[12] | 2016 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Martha Osamor, Baroness Osamor[104][105] | 2018 | Serving | Black British | |||
Conservative | Zameer Choudrey, Baron Choudrey[106] | 2019 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Conservative | Rami Ranger, Baron Ranger[107] | 2019 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Crossbench | Simon Woolley, Baron Woolley of Woodford[17] | 2019 | Serving | Black British | |||
Crossbench | Minouche Shafik, Baroness Shafik | 2020 | Serving | British Egyptian | |||
Conservative | Aamer Sarfraz, Baron Sarfraz | 2020 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Conservative | Syed Kamall, Baron Kamall | 2021 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Wajid Khan, Baron Khan of Burnley | 2021 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Prem Sikka, Baron Sikka | 2021 | Serving | British Indian |
List of ethnic minority Members of the European Parliament[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Year elected | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Mark Hendrick[12] | Central Lancashire | 1994 | 1999 | Defeated | British Somali/White British (Mixed) | ||
Conservative | Nirj Deva[59][108] | South East England | 1999 | 2019 | Defeated | British Sri Lankan | ||
Conservative | Bashir Khanbhai | East of England | 1999 | 2004 | Retired | British Indian | ||
Labour | Neena Gill[108] | West Midlands | 1999 | 2009 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
2014 | 2020 | Post abolished | ||||||
Labour | Claude Moraes[108] | London | 1999 | 2020 | Post abolished | British Indian | ||
Liberal Democrats | Sajjad Karim | North West England | 2004 | 2006 (Crossed the floor in 2006) | Left Liberal Democrats, joined Conservative Party | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | 2006 | 2019 | Defeated | |||||
Conservative | Syed Kamall[108] | London | 2005 | 2019 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
UKIP | Amjad Bashir[109] | Yorkshire and the Humber | 2014 | 2015 (Crossed the floor in 2015) | Left UKIP, joined Conservative Party | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | 2015 | 2019 | Defeated | |||||
Labour | M. Afzal Khan | North West England | 2014 | 2017 | Resigned to become Member of Parliament for Manchester Gorton | British Pakistani | ||
UKIP | Steven Woolfe | North West England | 2014 | 2016 (Crossed the floor in 2016) | Left UKIP, became an Independent | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Independent | 2016 | 2018 (Crossed the floor in 2018) | Joined Conservative Party | |||||
Conservative | 2018 | 2019 | Retired | |||||
Labour | Wajid Khan | North West England | 2017 | 2019 | Defeated | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | Nosheena Mobarik | Scotland | 2017 | 2020 | Post abolished | British Pakistani | ||
Liberal Democrats | Dinesh Dhamija | London | 2019 | 2020 | Post abolished | British Indian | ||
Brexit Party | Benyamin Habib | London | 2019 | 2020 | Post abolished | British Pakistani | ||
Brexit Party | Christina Jordan | South West England | 2019 | 2020 | Post abolished | British Malaysian | ||
Green | Magid Magid | Yorkshire and the Humber | 2019 | 2020 | Post abolished | British Somali | ||
Liberal Democrats | Shaffaq Mohammed | Yorkshire and the Humber | 2019 | 2020 | Post abolished | British Pakistani | ||
Brexit Party | Louis Stedman-Bryce | Scotland | 2019 | 2019 (Crossed the floor in 2019) | Resigned from the Brexit Party | Black British[110][111]/White British (Mixed) | ||
Independent | 2019 | 2020 | Post abolished |
List of ethnic minority London Assembly Members[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Year elected | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Lammy | London-wide | 2000 | 2000 | Resigned to become Member of Parliament for Tottenham | Black British | ||
Labour | Trevor Phillips | London-wide | 2000 | 2003 | Resigned | Black British | ||
Labour | Jennette Arnold[4] | North East | 2000 | 2021 | Retired | Black British | ||
Labour | Murad Qureshi[12] | London-wide | 2004 | 2016 | Defeated | British Bangladeshi | ||
Conservative | James Cleverly[12] | Bexley and Bromley | 2008 | 2016 | Retired to become Member of Parliament for Braintree | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Navin Shah[4] | Brent and Harrow | 2008 | 2021 | Retired | British Indian | ||
Labour | Onkar Sahota[4] | Ealing and Hillingdon | 2012 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Kemi Badenoch[12] | London-wide | 2015 | 2017 | Resigned to become Member of Parliament for Saffron Walden | Black British | ||
Conservative | Shaun Bailey[4] | London-wide | 2016 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Unmesh Desai[4] | City and East | 2016 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour Co-op | Florence Eshalomi[4] | Lambeth and Southwark | 2016 | 2021 | Retired to become Member of Parliament for Vauxhall | Black British | ||
UKIP | David Kurten[112] | London-wide | 2016 | 2021 | Defeated | Black British/White British (Mixed) | ||
Labour | Marina Ahmad | Lambeth and Southwark | 2021 | Serving | British Bangladeshi | |||
Liberal Democrats | Hina Bokhari | London-wide | 2021 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Krupesh Hirani | Brent and Harrow | 2021 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Labour | Sem Moema | North East | 2021 | Serving | Black British | |||
Labour | Sakina Sheikh | London-wide | 2021 | Serving | British Pakistani |
List of ethnic minority Scottish Parliament Members[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Year elected | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SNP | Bashir Ahmad[113] | Glasgow | 2007 | 2009 | Died in office | British Pakistani | ||
Labour | Hanzala Malik[114] | Glasgow | 2011 | 2016 | Defeated | British Pakistani/White British (Mixed) | ||
SNP | Humza Yousaf[115] | Glasgow | 2011 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Anas Sarwar[114] | Glasgow | 2016 | Serving | British Pakistani | |||
Labour | Foysol Choudhury[116] | Lothian | 2021 | Serving | British Bangladeshi | |||
Conservative | Pam Gosal | West Scotland | 2021 | Serving | British Indian | |||
Conservative | Sandesh Gulhane | Glasgow | 2021 | Serving | British Indian | |||
SNP | Kaukab Stewart[117] | Glasgow | 2021 | Serving | British Pakistani |
List of ethnic minority Members of the Senedd[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Year elected | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | Mohammad Asghar[4][118] | South Wales East | 2007 | 2009 (Crossed the floor in 2009) | Left Plaid Cymru, joined Conservative Party | British Pakistani | ||
Conservative | South Wales East | 2009 | 2020 | Died in office | ||||
Labour | Vaughan Gething[4][118] | Cardiff South and Penarth | 2011 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Conservative | Altaf Hussain[119] | South Wales West | 2015 | 2016 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
2021 | Serving | |||||||
Conservative | Natasha Asghar[120] | South Wales East | 2021 | Serving | British Pakistani |
List of ethnic minority Northern Irish Assembly Members[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Year elected | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alliance | Anna Lo[121] | Belfast South | 2007 | 2016 | Retired | British Chinese |
List of ethnic minority Police and Crime Commissioners[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Year elected | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Hardyal Dhindsa[122] | Derbyshire | 2016 | 2021 | Defeated | British Indian | ||
Conservative | Festus Akinbusoye | Bedfordshire | 2021 | Serving | Black British |
List of ethnic minority directly elected mayors[]
Party | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Year elected | Year left | Reason for tenure ending | Ethnicity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Lufthar Rahman | Mayor of Tower Hamlets | 2010 | 2014 (Crossed the floor in 2014) | Created Tower Hamlets First | British Bangladeshi | ||
Tower Hamlets First | 2014 | 2015 | Convicted of corrupt or illegal practices and removed from office | |||||
Labour | Sadiq Khan | Mayor of London | 2016 | Serving | British Pakistani[123] | |||
Labour | Marvin Rees | Mayor of Bristol | 2016 | Serving | Black British/White British (Mixed) | |||
Labour | Rokhsana Fiaz | Mayor of Newham | 2018 | Serving | British Pakistani[124] | |||
Labour | Joanne Anderson | Mayor of Liverpool | 2021 | Serving | Black British |
Notes[]
- ^ Muhammad Anwar (2001). "The participation of ethnic minorities in British politics". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 27 (3): 533–549. doi:10.1080/136918301200266220. S2CID 144867334.
- ^ Geddes, Andrew (1998). "Inequality, political opportunity and ethnic minority parliamentary candidacy". In Saggar, Shamit (ed.). Race and British Electoral Politics. Routledge. pp. 145–172. ISBN 978-1-135-35947-8.
- ^ Lees, Rebecca (28 October 2020). "Who were the first MPS from ethnic minority backgrounds?". Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Audickas, Lukas; Apostolova, Vyara (28 June 2017). Ethnic Minorities in Politics and Public Life (PDF) (Report). Briefing paper. SN01156. House of Commons Library. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
- ^ "OLIVER, Richard (1735-84), of Fenchurch St., London | History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ Duffy, Judith (28 February 2021). "Anas Sarwar named Scottish Labour leader – but indyref2 is 'elephant in the room'". The National. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ Pearce, Tilly (2 March 2021). "BBC's Politics Live under fire as four non-Jews asked if they agree Jewish people are ethnic minority". Metro. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ Carrell, Severin (1 March 2021). "Scottish Labour leader calls for UK to move closer to single market". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bush, Stephen (1 March 2021). "Debating whether Jews are an ethnic minority is a familiar mistake by BBC Politics Live". New Statesman. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Dr Justin Fisher (Brunel University), Prof. Edward Fieldhouse (University of Manchester), Prof. David Denver (Lancaster University), Dr Andrew Russell (University of Manchester), Dr David Cutts (University of Manchester) (25 August 2005). "The General Election 2005 Campaign Analysis; Produced for the Electoral Commission" Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Electoral Commission.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Characteristics of the new House of Commons: key issues for the 2010 Parliament". Parliament of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015. This article contains material from this source, which is available under the Open Parliament Licence Archived 12 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb John Wood & Richard Cracknell; Social and General Statistics Section (16 October 2013). "Ethnic Minorities in Politics, Government and Public Life" (PDF). Parliament of the United Kingdom. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2017.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ "The class of 2015 enter Britain's most diverse ever parliament". British Future. 8 May 2015. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
- ^ Wilson, Cherry (11 June 2017). "Election results 2017: The most diverse Parliament yet". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
- ^ Audickas, Lukas; Cracknell, Richard; Bellis, Alexander (5 November 2019). Social background of MPs 1979-2017 (PDF) (Report). Briefing paper. CBP-7483. House of Commons Library. pp. 9–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
- ^ "Britain elects most-diverse parliament ever". British Future. 13 December 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Uberoi, Elise; Lees, Rebecca (22 October 2020). Ethnic diversity in politics and public life (PDF) (Report). Briefing Paper. CBP 01156. House of Commons Library. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ "History made as Boateng becomes first black cabinet minister". 30 May 2002.
- ^ "Sadiq Khan named first Muslim cabinet minister".
- ^ "Sadiq Khan named first Muslim cabinet minister".
- ^ "Witham MP Priti Patel joins Cabinet".
- ^ "Alok Sharma becomes Secretary of state for International Development".
- ^ "Who's who in Boris Johnson's new Cabinet". 25 July 2019.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak: Murthys delighted as son-in-law enters Boris Johnson's cabinet - Times of India".
- ^ Boycott-Owen, Mason (2 March 2021). "Suella Braverman becomes first Cabinet minister to take paid maternity leave". The Telegraph.
- ^ "Kwasi Kwarteng named first black business secretary as Alok Sharma leads United Nations COP26".
- ^ https://members.parliament.uk/member/147/career
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Keith Vaz - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ https://members.parliament.uk/member/206/career
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Mr Parmjit Dhanda - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Mr Shahid Malik - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Mr Shahid Malik - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Dawn Butler - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Sajid Javid - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for MRS Helen Grant - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Shailesh Vara - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Priti Patel - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Mr Sam Gyimah - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Alok Sharma - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Kwasi Kwarteng - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Nadhim Zahawi - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Suella Braverman - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Rishi Sunak - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Ms Nusrat Ghani - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for James Cleverly - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Kemi Badenoch - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Seema Kennedy - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Mr Ranil Jayawardena - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Alan Mak - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ Lees, Rebecca (28 October 2020). "Who were the first MPS from ethnic minority backgrounds?". Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^ Lees, Rebecca (28 October 2020). "Who were the first MPS from ethnic minority backgrounds?". Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^ Lees, Rebecca (28 October 2020). "Who were the first MPS from ethnic minority backgrounds?". Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^ Lees, Rebecca (28 October 2020). "Who were the first MPS from ethnic minority backgrounds?". Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cracknell, Richard (5 January 2012). "Ethnic Minorities in Politics, Government and Public Life" (PDF). House of Commons Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2015.
- ^ Goodrich, Amanda (8 April 2019). "Ethnic minorities in Parliament: a new addition to the Victorian Commons". The Victorian Commons. The History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ Vaz, J. Clement (1997). Profiles of Eminent Goans, Past and Present. Concept Publishing Company. p. 262. ISBN 8170226198.
- ^ Walford, Edward (1919). The county families of the United Kingdom; or, Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. p. 1242.
- ^ Lees, Rebecca (28 October 2020). "Who were the first MPS from ethnic minority backgrounds?". Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Judge, David (2005). "Microcosmic representation". Representation: Theory and Practice in Britain. Routledge. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-134-89170-2. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Is Sebastian Coe too good to be true?". The Guardian. 19 August 2015. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Rebecca Tyrrel: 'For such a bastion of Home Counties values, Lord Coe has quite the gene pool'". 20 July 2012. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Fordyce, Tom (6 October 2010). "Tom Fordyce: False starts and big questions". BBC Blogs. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "The Melting Pot Generation: How Britain became more relaxed about race" (PDF). BritainThinks. British Future. December 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 September 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
- ^ "Record number of new minority MPs". BBC News. 10 May 2005. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
- ^ Helena Bengtsson (8 May 2015). "Record numbers of female and minority-ethnic MPs in new House of Commons". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Lester Holloway (7 April 2015). "The Tories are becoming the party of ethnic diversity – Labour has to respond". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "52 minority MPs to sit in 'most diverse UK parliament ever'". British Future. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
- ^ "British Cypriot wins seat in House of Commons". Cyprus Mail. 9 June 2017. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
- ^ Simons, Ned (7 December 2017). "17 From '17: Layla Moran On Her 'Anarchism' And The Demise Of British Politics". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Layla Moran". Libdems-org. 16 January 2014. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
- ^ Brady, Poppy (9 June 2017). "Enoch Powell's old seat filled by Midlands' first black MP". The Voice. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
- ^ "Everything you need to know about Labour's newest MP Janet Daby". 15 June 2018. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ Browning, Steve (30 May 2019). "Ethnic diversity in politics and public Life" (PDF). House of Commons Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ^ "2019 intake of BAME MPs should be celebrated – but more must be done". LabourList. 24 December 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Narayana Murthy's son-in-law among record 15 Indian-origin winners in UK polls". Hindustan Times. 13 December 2019. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
- ^ Bussey, Katrine (14 May 2021). "New SNP MP Anum Qaisar-Javed 'proud' to be role model for minorities after Airdrie and Shotts by-election win". The Independent. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Amos - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Scotland of Asthal - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Warsi - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Amos - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Scotland of Asthal - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Lord Darzi of Denham - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Vadera - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Verma - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Lord Popat - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Manzoor - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Baroness Manzoor - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ Singh, Payal (15 May 1988). "Noble House". The Illustrated Weekly of India.
- ^ "House of Lords - Wednesday 18 June 1969 - Hansard - UK Parliament".
- ^ Jump up to: a b Saggar, Shamit (2004). "Foreword". Race And British Electoral Politics. Routledge. p. x. ISBN 978-1-135-35947-8. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Smith, Ben (18 November 2008). "Ethnic Minorities in Politics, Government and Public Life". Parliament of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ^ Purvis, Matthew (11 June 2014). "Membership of the House of Lords: Ethnicity, Religion and Disability" (PDF). House of Lords Library. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ^ Butt, Riazat (30 March 2009). "Michael Nazir-Ali steps down to focus on helping persecuted Christians". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Lord Lindsay of Birker - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AKGKAI9WEBlsJ%3Aresearchbriefings.files.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2FLLN-2019-0150%2FLLN-2019-0150.pdf
- ^ Suspended till 2012 for having been jailed due to United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal
- ^ Suspended for four months due to United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal
- ^ Suspended for 16 months due to United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal
- ^ Suspended after being jailed for a fatal road crash in 2007 and expelled 2009 for racial remarks
- ^ "Parliamentary career for Lord Sinha - MPS and Lords - UK Parliament".
- ^ https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AKGKAI9WEBlsJ%3Aresearchbriefings.files.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2FLLN-2019-0150%2FLLN-2019-0150.pdf
- ^ Suspended for eight months due to United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Audickas, Lukas (4 March 2016). "Ethnic Minorities in Politics and Public Life" (PDF). House of Commons Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ^ "Baroness Osamor joins the House of Lords". BBC News. 4 December 2018. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ "British Pakistani Zameer Choudrey appointed to the House of Lords". TheNews.com.pk. 10 September 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
- ^ "Lord Rami Ranger CBE". Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Labour Research". Labour Research Department. 2009.
- ^ Tim Ross (24 January 2015). "Ukip MEP Amjad Bashir defects to Conservative Party". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ Syal, Rajeev; Sedghi, Ami (13 July 2014). "Parliament failing to represent UK's ethnic diversity". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
- ^ "Gay Brexit Party candidate: 'We're not all homophobic racists'". Pink News. 25 April 2019. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
- ^ "Courage. Excellence. Freedom: David Kurten is the man". 2 August 2017. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
- ^ Cairney, Paul; McGarvey, Neil (2008). "Assessing Scottish Democracy". Scottish Politics: An Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-137-10178-5. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Severin Carrell (9 May 2011). "Call for action to increase number of women in devolved parliaments". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ Nasar Meer (20 May 2011). "What would independence mean for Scotland's racial minorities?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ "Foysol Choudhury becomes first Bangladeshi-origin Scottish parliamentarian". Dhaka Tribune. 9 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
- ^ "Holyrood set to welcome first Muslim/ BAME woman MSP". The Muslim News. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Jones, Moya (2014). "Multicultural Challenges to Modern Wales". In R. Garbaye; P. Schnapper (eds.). The Politics of Ethnic Diversity in the British Isles. Springer. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-137-35154-8. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
- ^ "First three openly gay and lesbian AMs 'a milestone'". BBC News. 7 May 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
- ^ "Natasha Asghar becomes first woman of colour to be elected to the Senedd". ITV (published 8 May 2021). 10 May 2021. Daughter of Mohammad Asghar
- ^ "Threat to only ethnic minority politician in Northern Ireland". The Telegraph. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ "Police and Crime Commissioner Elections: Significant Reduction in Ethnic Minority Candidates" (PDF). Elevation Networks. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
- ^ "What the world makes of Khan's victory". BBC News. 7 May 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
- ^ "New Labour mayor Rohksana Fiaz plans to abolish her role". BBC. 4 May 2018. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
- Lists of ethnic minority politicians by country
- Lists of politicians from the United Kingdom
- Black British politicians
- British politicians of South Asian descent
- British politicians of Asian descent