List of genetic hybrids

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This is a list of genetic hybrids which is limited to well documented cases of animals of differing species able to create hybrid offspring which may or may not be infertile.

Hybrids should not be confused with genetic chimeras, such as that between sheep and goat known as the geep. Wider interspecific hybrids can be made via in vitro fertilization or somatic hybridization, however the resulting cells are not able to develop into a full organism.

Nomenclature[]

The naming of hybrid animals depends on the sex and species of the parents. The father giving the first half of his species' name and the mother the second half of hers. (I.e. a pizzly bear has a polar bear father and grizzly bear mother whereas a grolar bear's parents would be reversed.)

Animals[]

A "zonkey", a zebra/donkey hybrid
Hercules, a "liger", a lion/tiger hybrid
A "jaglion", a jaguar/lion hybrid
A domestic canary/goldfinch hybrid

Phylum Chordata[]

Chordate

  • Class Chondrichthyes
    • Order Carcharhiniformes
      • Family Carcharhinidae
        • Genus Carcharhinus
          • A group of about 50 hybrids between Australian blacktip shark and the larger common blacktip shark was found by Australia's East Coast in 2012. This is the only known case of hybridization in sharks.[1]
  • Class Actinopterygii
  • Class Amphibia
  • Class Reptilia
  • Class Mammalia
    • Clade Ungulata
      • Order Perissodactyla
        • Suborder Hippomorpha
          • Family Equidae
            • Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey.
            • Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Mule and hinny are examples of reciprocal hybrids.
            • Zebroids
              • Zeedonk or zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross.
              • Zorse, a zebra/horse cross
              • Zony or zetland, a zebra/pony cross ("zony" is a generic term; "zetland" is specifically a hybrid of the Shetland pony breed with a zebra)
        • Superfamily Rhinocerotoidea
          • Family Rhinocerotidae
            • Hybrids between black and white rhinoceroses have been recognized.
    • Order Artiodactyla
      • Family Bovidae – Bovid hybrids
        • Subfamily Bovinae
          • Dzo, zo or yakow; a cross between a domestic cow/bull and a yak.
          • Beefalo, a cross of an American bison and a domestic cow. This is a fertile breed; this, along with mitochondrial DNA evidence,[12] has led bison to occasionally be classified in the genus Bos.
          • Zubron, a hybrid between wisent (European bison) and domestic cow.
          • Yakalo, a hybrid between a bison and a yak.
        • Subfamily Caprinae
          • Sheep-goat hybrids, such as the toast of Botswana.
      • Family Camelidae
        • Cama, a cross between a dromedary and a llama, also an intergeneric hybrid.
      • Infraorder Cetacea
        • Family Balaenopteridae
          • Hybrids between blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whales(Balaenoptera physalus) have been recorded.
        • Family Delphinidae
          • Wholphin, a fertile but very rare cross between a false killer whale and a bottlenose dolphin.
          • In 2014, DNA analysis showed the clymene dolphin (Stenella clymene) to be a naturally occurring hybrid species descended from the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) and the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba).[13]
        • Family Monodontidae
          • In 2019, a "belwhal" hybrid of a male beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and a female narwhal (Monodon monoceros) was confirmed by DNA analysis.[14]
    • Order Carnivora
      • Infraorder Arctoidea
        • Family Ursidae
          • Ursid hybrids, such as the grizzly-polar bear hybrid, occur between all species except for the giant panda.
      • Suborder Feliformia
        • Family Felidae (see Felid hybrids); various other wild cat crosses are known involving the lynx, bobcat, leopard, serval, etc.
          • Subfamily Felinae
            • Savannah cats are the hybrid cross between an African serval cat and a domestic cat
            • Bengal cat, a cross between the Asian leopard cat and the domestic cat, one of many hybrids between the domestic cat and wild cat species. The domestic cat, African wild cat and European wildcat may be considered variant populations of the same species (Felis silvestris), making such crosses non-hybrids.
            • Serengeti, a hybrid crossbreed of a Bengal and an Oriental Shorthair.
            • Chausie, a hybrid between a jungle cat and domestic cat.
          • Subfamily Pantherinae
      • Family Canidae
        • Fertile canid hybrids occur between coyotes, wolves, dingoes, jackals and domestic dogs.
    • Order Primates
    • Order Proboscidea
      • Family Elephantidae
        • At Chester Zoo in the United Kingdom, a cross between an African elephant (male) and an Asian elephant (female). The male calf was named Motty. It died of intestinal infection after twelve days.
  • Class Aves
    • Order Strigiformes
    • Order Passeriformes
      • The domestic canary (Serinus canaria var. domesticus, family Fringillidae) has hybridized with other perching birds including the blue-black grassquit (Volatinia jacarina, family Thraupidae), the chestnut-capped blackbird (Agelaius ruficapillus, family Icteridae), and the red fody (Foudia madagascariensis, family Ploceidae). A fertile egg was made from the domestic canary and the chestnut-shouldered petronia (Petronia xanthocollis, family Passeridae) but there has been no mention of hatched hybrids.[16]
      • The red-crested cardinal (Paroaria coronata, family Thraupidae) has hybridized between the northern cardinal (Cardinalia cardinalis, family Cardinalidae), shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis, family Icteridae), and chestnut-capped blackbird.[16]
      • The yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella, family Emberizidae) has hybridized with the European greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) and the European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), both of the family Fringillidae.
      • The cut-throat (Amadina fasciata, family Estrildidae) has hybridized with the Eurasian linnet (Carduelis cannabina, family Fringillidae) and the orange bishop (Euplectes franciscanus, family Ploceidae).
      • Family Fringillidae
        • Cagebird breeders sometimes breed hybrids between species of finch, such as goldfinch x canary. These birds are known as mules.
    • Order Psittacidae
      • Subfamily Arinae
        • Tribe Arini
          • Numerous macaw hybrids are also known.
    • Order Accipitriformes
      • Family Accipitridae
        • Red kite and black kite: five bred unintentionally at a falconry center in England. (It is reported[weasel words] that the black kite (the male) refused female black kites but mated with two female red kites.)
        • Red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) and common black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus): one and possibly two offspring produced naturally in Sonoma County, California, US. [17]
    • Order Falconiformes
    • Order Anseriformes
      • Family Anatidae
        • The mulard duck, hybrid of the domestic Pekin duck and domesticated Muscovy ducks.
        • Brewer's duck, hybrid of the mallard and gadwall.
        • Genus Anas
          • In Australia, New Zealand and other areas where the Pacific black duck occurs, it is hybridised by the much more aggressive introduced mallard. This is a concern to wildlife authorities throughout the affected area, as it is seen as genetic pollution of the black duck gene pool.
    • Order Galliformes
      • Gamebird hybrids, hybrids between gamebirds and domestic fowl, including chickens, guineafowl and peafowl, interfamilial hybrids.
      • Family Phasianidae

Phylum Arthropoda[]

Plants[]

References[]

  1. ^ Voloder D (3 January 1012). "Print Email Facebook Twitter More World-first hybrid sharks found off Australia". ABC News. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  2. ^ July 2020, Stephanie Pappas-Live Science Contributor 20 (20 July 2020). "Scientists accidentally create 'impossible' hybrid fish". livescience.com. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  3. ^ Live Science Staff (18 September 2007). "Slimy Salamanders Caught Crossbreeding". Live Science. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Hybrid Reptiles: The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful". ReptiFiles. 2016-09-09. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  5. ^ "Borneo bateater". Natural History. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  6. ^ "Genetic Analysis of Florida's Invasive Pythons Reveals A Tangled Family Tree". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  7. ^ "Jungle Corn Snakes". Bane Reptiles. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Hybrids". Southern California Kingsnakes. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  9. ^ "Imperial Pueblan milk snake". www.reptilesncritters.com. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  10. ^ Charles. "White Sided Black Rat Snake-baby". Strictly Reptiles. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  11. ^ "Crocodilian Exploration". Science and Exploration. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009.
  12. ^ Guo S, Liu J, Qi D, Yang J, Zhao X (2006). "Taxonomic placement and origin of yaks: implications from analyses of mtDNA D-loop fragment sequences". Acta Theriologica Sinica. 26 (4): 325–30.
  13. ^ Choi CQ (13 January 2014). "DNA Discovery Reveals Surprising Dolphin Origins". National Geographic News. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  14. ^ Saey TH (20 June 2019). "DNA confirms a weird Greenland whale was a narwhal-beluga hybrid". Science News. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
  15. ^ Hamer T (April 1994). "Hybridization Between Barred and Spotted Owls" (PDF). The Auk: Ornithological Advances. 111 (2): 487–92. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b Eugene M McCarthy (September 2006). "Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World". The Quarterly Review of Biology. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 81 (3): 294. doi:10.1086/509448. ISBN 0-19-518323-1. ISSN 0033-5770.
  17. ^ Moore S, Coulson JO (March 2020). "Intergeneric hybridization of a vagrant Common Black Hawk and a Red-shouldered Hawk". Journal of Raptor Research. 54 (1): 74–80. doi:10.3356/0892-1016-54.1.74.
  18. ^ Geggel L (30 March 2015). "'Super' Termite Hybrid May Wreak Havoc on Florida Animals". livescience.com. Retrieved 2019-12-01.
  19. ^ Brower AV (May 2011). "Hybrid speciation in Heliconius butterflies? A review and critique of the evidence". Genetica. 139 (5): 589–609. doi:10.1007/s10709-010-9530-4. PMC 3089819. PMID 21113790.
  20. ^ McConchie C (August 1994). "Intergeneric Hybridisation between Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)". Annals of Botany. 74 (2): 111–18. doi:10.1006/anbo.1994.1100. ISSN 0305-7364.
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