List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
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This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Cells derived from ectoderm[]
Surface ectoderm[]
Skin[]
Anterior pituitary[]
- Gonadotrope
- Corticotrope
- Thyrotrope
- Somatotrope
- Lactotroph
Tooth enamel[]
Neural crest[]
Peripheral nervous system[]
Neuroendocrine system[]
Skin[]
Teeth[]
Eyes[]
Neural tube[]
Central nervous system[]
- Neuron
- Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Muller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)
Pineal gland[]
Cells derived from mesoderm[]
Paraxial mesoderm[]
Mesenchymal stem cell[]
Osteochondroprogenitor cell[]
- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast[]
- Fat
- Muscle
- Myoblast → Myocyte
- Myosatellite cell
- Tendon cell
- Cardiac muscle cell
- Other
Other[]
- Digestive system
Intermediate mesoderm[]
Renal stem cell[]
- Angioblast → Endothelial cell
- Mesangial cell
- Juxtaglomerular cell
- Macula densa cell
- Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
- Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Reproductive system[]
- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- germ cells (which migrate here primordially)
- spermatozoon
- ovum
Lateral plate mesoderm/hemangioblast[]
Hematopoietic stem cell[]
- Lymphoid
- Lymphoblast
- see lymphocytes
- Myeloid
- CFU-GEMM
- see myeloid cells
Circulatory system[]
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial colony forming cell
- Endothelial stem cell
- Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
- Pericyte
- Mural cell
Cells derived from endoderm[]
Foregut[]
Respiratory system[]
- Pneumocyte
- Type I cell
- Type II cell
- Club cell
- Goblet cell
- Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell[1]
Digestive system[]
Stomach[]
Intestine[]
Liver[]
Gallbladder[]
Exocrine component of pancreas[]
Islets of Langerhans[]
- alpha cell
- beta cell
- delta cell
- PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
- epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch[]
- Thyroid gland
- Follicular cell
- Parafollicular cell[2]
- Parathyroid gland
Hindgut/cloaca[]
- Urothelial cell
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Hockman, Dorit; Burns, Alan J; Schlosser, Gerhard; Gates, Keith P; Jevans, Benjamin; Mongera, Alessandro; Fisher, Shannon; Unlu, Gokhan; Knapik, Ela W; Kaufman, Charles K; Mosimann, Christian; Zon, Leonard I; Lancman, Joseph J; Dong, P Duc S; Lickert, Heiko; Tucker, Abigail S; Baker, Clare V H (2017). "Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes". eLife. 6: e21231. doi:10.7554/eLife.21231. PMC 5438250. PMID 28387645.
- ^ Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.
Categories:
- Germ layers
- Embryology
- Gastrulation