List of invasive species in Europe

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See also: Invasive species in the British Isles and List of invasive species in Portugal

This is a list of invasive species in Europe. A species is regarded as invasive if it has become introduced to a location, area, or region where it did not previously occur naturally (i.e., is not a native species) and becomes capable of establishing a breeding population in the new location. An invasive species will be one that thrives in its new environment and negatively influences the ecology and biodiversity of that ecosystem. Negative effects can affect also humans, by compromising human health (e.g. vectors of diseases) or socioeconomic systems (e.g. damages to agriculture or forestry).

The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species. If a species has been introduced but remains local, and is not problematic to human systems or to the local biodiversity, then it cannot be considered to be invasive, and does not belong on this list.

Plants[]

Algae[]

Animals[]

Bryozoans[]

Cnidarians[]

Ctenophores[]

  • Mnemiopsis leidyi (warty comb jelly)

Arthropods[]

Crustaceans[]

Insects[]

Chordates[]

Ascidians[]

Amphibians[]

Birds[]

  • Acridotheres tristis (common myna)[56]
  • Alopochen aegyptiacus (Egyptian goose)[41]
  • Amandava amandava (red avadavat) [39][57]
  • Branta canadensis (Canada goose)
    A Canada goose in Cambridge, England
  • Corvus splendens (House crow)
  • Estrilda astrild (common waxbill)[39][58]
  • Estrilda troglodytes (black-rumped waxbill)[39][59]
  • Euodice cantans (African silverbill)[39][60]
  • Euplectes afer (yellow-crowned bishop)[39][61]
  • Myiopsitta monachus (Monk parakeet)
  • Oxyura jamaicensis (Ruddy duck)[42]
  • Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant)[39][62]
  • Ploceus cucullatus (village weaver)[39][63]
  • Ploceus melanocephalus (black-headed weaver)[39][64]
  • Psittacula krameri (Rose-ringed parakeet)[43]
  • Threskiornis aethiopicus (African sacred ibis)

Fish[]

  • Alburnus alburnus (common bleak)[65]
  • Ameiurus melas (Black bullhead (catfish))[44]
  • Australoheros facetus (Chameleon cichlid)[39]
  • Carassius auratus (goldfish)[39][66]
  • Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp)[67]
  • Cyprinus carpio (common carp)[39]
  • Esox lucius (northern pike)[39][68]
  • Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog)[39]
  • Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish)[69]
  • Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp)[70]
  • Lepomis gibbosus (Pumpkinseed sunfish)[44]
  • Leuciscus leuciscus (common dace)[71]
  • Micropterus salmoides (Largemouth Bass)[44]
  • Neogobius fluviatilis (monkey goby)
  • Neogobius melanostomus (round goby)
  • Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)[39][72]
  • Perccottus glenii (Chinese sleeper)[73]
  • Pseudorasbora parva (stone moroko)
  • Rutilus rutilus (common roach)[74]
  • Sander lucioperca (Sander lucioperca)[39][75]

Mammals[]

Reptiles[]

  • Chamaeleo chamaeleon (common chameleon)[39][88]
  • Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-eared slider)

Molluscs[]

Marine[]

The veined rapa whelk, Rapana venosa
A shell of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha

Freshwater[]

Annelids[]

Nematodes[]

Platyhelminthes[]

Fungi[]

European priorities[]

Different initiatives have been promoted in order to prioritize species among this long (and ongoing) list. Some examples are:

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ [1] Ministry of Agriculture, Nourishing and Environment of Spain. Retrieved on 2017-04-20
  2. ^ Ailanthus altissima distribution in Europe. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern, European Commission. Retrieved on 1 May 2018
  4. ^ EPPO List of invasive alien plants Archived 2010-04-17 at the Wayback Machine. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  5. ^ Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed). CABI, Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  6. ^ Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Gyűjtő Zsolt SAPIENTIA Hungarian University of Transilvania Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Cluj-Napoca. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.
  7. ^ Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush). CABI, Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  8. ^ Alien range of Carpobrotus edulis. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  9. ^ Invasive Species Compendium. "Clematis vitalba". Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  10. ^ "Herba de la pampa".
  11. ^ Most Unwanted: New Zealand pigmyweed Archived 2009-04-08 at the Wayback Machine. Invasive Species Ireland. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  12. ^ Barrat-Segretain, M. 2001. [Invasive species in the Rhône river floodplain (France): replacement of Elodea canadensis michaux by E. nuttallii St. John in two former river channels]. (Abstract). Archiv für Hydrobiologie 152(2):237-251.
  13. ^ Poulis, Georgios; Zervas, Dimitrios (2017-12-20). "First confirmed record of Elodea canadensis Michx. (Hydrocharitaceae) in Greece". Hacquetia. 16 (2): 175–179. doi:10.1515/hacq-2017-0001. ISSN 1854-9829.
  14. ^ Heracleum mantegazzianum distribution in Europe. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  15. ^ http://mediambient.gencat.cat/ca/05_ambits_dactuacio/patrimoni_natural/esp%3C/ref%3Eecies_%3C/ref%3Eexotiques_invasores/llista-especies/llista-especies-catalogades/flora/julivert-gegant/
  16. ^ Maguire, C.M., Cosgrove, P.J. and Kelly, J. 2008.Floating Pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) Management Plan[permanent dead link]. Invasive Species Ireland. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  17. ^ Impatiens glandulifera alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  18. ^ Lantana camara (lantana). CABI, Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  19. ^ Myriophyllum aquaticum distribution in the United Kingdom. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  20. ^ Nicotiana glauca(tree tobacco). CABI, Invasive Species Compendium. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  21. ^ Oxalis pes-caprae. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2020-04-27
  22. ^ Fallopia japonica distribution in Europe. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  23. ^ Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland: Rhododendron ponticum. National Museums Northern Ireland. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  24. ^ Robinia pseudoacacia distribution in Europe. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
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  27. ^ Durand, C., et al. 2002.Molecular data suggest a hybrid origin for the invasive Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15:122-133.
  28. ^ Alien range of Caulerpa taxifolia. ISSG Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-03-03.
  29. ^ "Bay barnacle (Balanus improvisus)" (PDF). Främmande arter i svenska hav. Retrieved April 18, 2010.
  30. ^ Danielle M. Crosnier & Daniel P. Molloy (October 2006). "Killer Shrimp - Dikerogammarus villosus" (PDF). Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program. United States Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2010.
  31. ^ Eriocheir sinensis alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  32. ^ Holdich, D. and Black, J. 2007. The spiny-cheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae), digs into the UK[permanent dead link]. Aquatic Invasions 2(1):1–16.
  33. ^ The virile crayfish, Orconectes virilis (Hagen, 1870) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae), identified in the UK. Ahern, Daniel, et al. 2008. Aquatic Invasions 3(1):102-104. Retrieved on 2008-12-03.
  34. ^ Pacifastacus leniusculus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  35. ^ Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet: Paralithodes camtschaticus. North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  36. ^ Procambarus clarkii alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  37. ^ Harmonia axyridis alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  38. ^ Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland: Leptinotarsa decemlineata Archived 2011-05-19 at the Wayback Machine. National Museums Northern Ireland. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Decreto-Lei n.o 565/99 de 21 de Dezembro" [Decree-Law No 565/99 of December 21] (PDF). Diário da República (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional. 21 December 1999. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  40. ^ Styela clava alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  41. ^ Article 8(h) - Alien Species. Third National Report of Belgium to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Retrieved on 2009-04-10.
  42. ^ Control and Eradication of the North American Ruddy Duck in Europe. Henderson, Iain and Robertson, Pete. Managing Vertebrate Invasive Species: Proceedings of an International Symposium. Fort Collins, Colorado, August 7–9, 2007. Retrieved on 2008-12-07.
  43. ^ Menchetti, Mattia; Mori, Emiliano; Angelici, Francesco Maria (2016). Effects of the recent world invasion by ring-necked parakeets Psittacula krameri. Springer International Publishin. pp. 253–266. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22246-2_12. ISBN 978-3-319-22246-2.
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  45. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern" (PDF). European Commission. 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  46. ^ 100 of the worst invasive species in Europe
  47. ^ Morais, P.; et al. (2009). "The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in the Guadiana River Basin (southwestern Iberian Peninsula): Setting the record straight" (PDF). Aquatic Invasions. 4 (4): 681–684. doi:10.3391/ai.2009.4.4.14.
  48. ^ Jump up to: a b Popa, O.; Popa, L. O. (2006). "Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834), Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774), Dreissena bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) (Mollusca: Bivalvia): Alien invasive species in Romanian fauna" (PDF). Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa". 49: 7–12.
  49. ^ Katharina C. M. Heiler, Sascha Brandt, Christian Albrecht, Torsten Hauffe, Thomas Wilke: A new approach for dating introduction events of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis). In: Biological Invasions. Online First.
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