List of invasive species in South Africa
This is a list of invasive species in South Africa, including invasive species of plants, animals, and other organisms in South Africa.
A list of invasive species has been published under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act of 2004.[1][2]
Microorganisms[]
Microorganisms considered to be invasive species include:[3]
Algae[]
Invasive species of algae include:[4]
- Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides – dead man's fingers
- – hypnea
- Kappaphycus spp. – agar-agars
Plants[]
Invasive species of plants include:[5][6]
- Acacia adunca – cascade wattle
- Acacia baileyana – Bailey's wattle
- Acacia cyclops – red eye
- Acacia decurrens – green wattle
- Acacia elata – pepper tree wattle
- Acacia mearnsii – black wattle
- Acacia melanoxylon – Australian blackwood
- Acacia podalyriifolia – pearl acacia
- Acacia saligna – Port Jackson willow
- Acacia stricta – hop wattle
- Agave sisalana – sisal
- Agrimonia procera – fragrant agrimony
- Ailanthus altissima – tree of heaven
- Alisma plantago-aquatica – common water-plantain
- Anredera cordifolia – Madeira vine[7]
- Antigonon leptopus – coral creeper
- Ardisia elliptica – shoebutton ardisia
- Aristolochia littoralis – elegant Dutchman's pipe
- Atriplex lindleyi ssp. inflata – spongefruit saltbush
- Atriplex nummularia – old man saltbush
- Austrocylindropuntia subulata – longspine cactus
- Azolla pinnata ssp. asiatica – mosquito fern
- Bartlettina sordida – blue mist flower
- Bauhinia purpurea – butterfly orchid tree
- Bauhinia variegata – orchid tree
- Billardiera heterophylla – bluebell creeper
- Cabomba caroliniana – Carolina fanwort
- Caesalpinia gilliesii – bird of paradise bush
- Callisia repens – creeping inchplant
- Calotropis procera – apple of Sodom
- Cardiospermum grandiflorum – showy balloon vine[7]
- Casuarina cunninghamiana – beefwood
- Casuarina equisetifolia – horsetail tree
- Catharanthus roseus – Madagascar rosy periwinkle
- Cestrum spp. – jessamines
- Chondrilla juncea – skeletonweed
- – Japanese thistle
- Cotoneaster franchetii – Franchet's cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster glaucophyllus – late cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster pannosus – silverleaf cotoneaster
- Cotoneaster salicifolius – willow-leaved cotoneaster
- – Himalayan cotoneaster
- – canarybird bush
- Cryptostegia madagascariensis – Madagascar rubber vine
- Cylindropuntia fulgida – jumping cholla
- Cylindropuntia imbricata – imbricate cholla
- Diplocyclos palmatus – lollipop-climber
- Dipogon lignosus – Australian pea[7]
- Dolichandra unguis-cati – catclaw creeper
- Echinodorus cordifolius – creeping burhead
- Echinodorus tenellus – Amazon sword plant
- Egeria densa – Brazilian waterweed[8]
- Eichhornia crassipes – common water hyacinth[8]
- Elodea canadensis – Canadian waterweed[8]
- Equisetum hyemale – rough horsetail
- Eriobotrya japonica – loquat
- Eucalyptus camaldulensis – river red gum
- Eucalyptus cladocalyx – sugar gum
- Eucalyptus diversicolor – karri
- Eucalyptus grandis – rose gum
- Eucalyptus paniculata – grey ironbark
- Eucalyptus sideroxylon – red ironbark
- Euphorbia esula – leafy spurge
- Euphorbia leucocephala – pascuita
- Fallopia sachalinensis – giant knotweed
- Flaveria bidentis – smelter's bush
- Galium tricornutum – corn cleavers
- Genista monspessulana – Montpellier broom
- Gleditsia triacanthos – honey locust
- Grevillea banksii – red silky oak
- Homalanthus populifolius – bleeding heart
- Hydrilla verticillata – hydrilla
- Hydrocleys nymphoides – water poppy
- Hylocereus undatus – night-blooming cereus
- Hypericum androsaemum – tutsan
- Hypericum perforatum – common St. John's wort
- Ipomoea carnea ssp. fistulosa – morning-glory bush
- Ipomoea purpurea – tall morning glory
- Iris pseudacorus – yellow flag
- Jacaranda mimosifolia – blue jacaranda
- Jatropha gossypiifolia – cotton-leaf physic nut
- Kalanchoe delagoensis – chandelier plant
- Kali tragus – Russian thistle
- Kunzea ericoides – burgan
- Lantana spp. – lantanas
- Ligustrum japonicum – Japanese privet
- Ligustrum lucidum – glossy privet
- Ligustrum ovalifolium – California privet
- Ligustrum sinense – Chinese privet
- Ligustrum vulgare – common privet
- Lilium formosanum – Formosa lily
- Linaria dalmatica – Dalmatian toadflax
- Linaria vulgaris – common toadflax
- Ludwigia peruviana – Peruvian primrosebush
- Lythrum hyssopifolia – hyssop loosestrife
- Lythrum salicaria – purple loosestrife[8]
- Malva arborea – tree mallow
- Malva verticillata – Chinese mallow
- Malvastrum coromandelianum – prickly malvastrum
- – nardoo
- Melaleuca hypericifolia – hillock bush
- Melia azedarach – Persian lilac
- Metrosideros excelsa – New Zealand Christmas tree
- Mimosa pigra – giant sensitive plant
- Mirabilis jalapa – marvel of Peru
- Morus alba – white mulberry
- Myoporum laetum – New Zealand manatoka
- Myriophyllum aquaticum – parrotfeather[8]
- Nasturtium officinale – watercress
- Nephrolepis exaltata – sword fern
- Nicandra physalodes – apple of Peru
- Nuphar lutea – yellow water-lily
- Nymphaea mexicana – Mexican water-lily
- Nymphoides peltata – yellow floating-heart
- Opuntia engelmannii – Engelmann's prickly-pear
- Opuntia microdasys – bunny ears cactus
- Orobanche ramosa – branching broomrape
- Parkinsonia aculeata – Mexican palo verde
- – tussock paspalum
- Passiflora tarminiana – banana passionfruit[7]
- Passiflora tripartita – banana passionfruit
- Paulownia tomentosa – empress tree
- Pennisetum purpureum – Napier grass
- Persicaria capitata – pink-head knotweed
- Phytolacca americana – American pokeweed
- Phytolacca dioica – belhambra
- Phytolacca icosandra – tropical pokeweed
- Pinus canariensis – Canary Islands pine
- Pinus elliottii – slash pine
- Pinus halepensis – Aleppo pine
- Pinus patula – patula pine
- Pinus pinaster – cluster pine
- Pinus radiata – Monterey pine
- Pinus roxburghii – chir pine
- Pinus taeda – loblolly pine
- Plectranthus barbatus – Indian coleus
- Pontederia cordata – pickerelweed
- Populus alba – white poplar
- Potentilla indica – mock strawberry
- Prosopis glandulosa – honey mesquite
- Prosopis velutina – velvet mesquite
- Prunus serotina – black cherry
- Psidium cattleianum – strawberry guava
- – Durban guava
- Psidium guajava – common guava
- Psidium guineense – Brazilian guava
- Pueraria montana – kudzu
- Pyracantha angustifolia – narrowleaf firethorn
- Pyracantha coccinea – red firethorn
- Pyracantha crenatoserrata – broadleaf firethorn
- Pyracantha crenulata – Himalayan firethorn
- Pyracantha koidzumii – Formosa firethorn
- Pyracantha rogersiana – Asian firethorn
- Ricinus communis – castor oil plant
- Robinia pseudoacacia – black locust
- Rubus armeniacus – Himalayan blackberry[7]
- Rubus flagellaris – common dewberry
- Rubus fruticosus – European blackberry
- Rubus niveus – Ceylon raspberry
- – East African dock
- Salix babylonica – weeping willow
- Salix fragilis – crack willow
- Salsola kali – tumbleweed
- Salvia tiliifolia – lindenleaf sage
- Salvinia molesta – giant salvinia[8]
- Sambucus canadensis – Canadian elder
- Sambucus nigra – European elder
- Senna bicapsularis – rambling senna
- Senna didymobotrya – peanut butter cassia
- – woolly senna
- Senna occidentalis – septicweed
- Senna pendula – Christmas senna
- Senna septemtrionalis – arsenic bush
- – giant devil's fig
- Solanum pseudocapsicum – Jerusalem cherry
- Sorghum halepense – Johnson grass
- Syngonium podophyllum – arrowhead vine[7]
- Syzygium cumini – jambolan
- Syzygium jambos – rose apple
- Tamarix aphylla – Athel tree
- Tamarix gallica – French tamarisk
- Tephrocactus articulatus – pine cone cactus
- Tipuana tipu – tipu tree
- Toona ciliata – toon
- Toxicodendron succedaneum – wax tree
- Tradescantia fluminensis – small-leaf spiderwort
- Tradescantia zebrina – inchplant
- Verbena bonariensis – tall verbena
- Verbena brasiliensis – Brazilian verbena
- Vinca major – greater periwinkle
- Vinca minor – lesser periwinkle
- Vitex trifolia – Indian three-leaf vitex
Tunicates[]
Invasive species of tunicates include:
- Ciona intestinalis – sea vase[9]
Annelids[]
Invsive species of annelids include:[10]
- Ficopomatus enigmaticus – Australian tubeworm
- Boccardia proboscidea – shell worm [1]
Molluscs[]
Invasive species of molluscs include:[5][6][2]
- Aplexa marmorata – marbled tadpole snail [3]
- Bradybaena similaris – Asian trampsnail
- Cochlicella barbara – potbellied helicellid
- Deroceras invadens – tramp slug
- Deroceras laeve – marsh slug
- Cornu aspersum – garden snail
- Limax flavus – yellow slug
- Milax gagates – greenhouse slug
- Mytilus galloprovincialis – Mediterranean mussel[11]
- Pseudosuccinea columella – mimic lymnaea
- Semimytilus algosus – Pacific mussel [4]
- Tarebia granifera – quilted melania
- Theba pisana – white garden snail
- Zonitoides arboreus – quick gloss
Crustaceans[]
Invasive species of crustaceans include:[5]
- Carcinus maenas – European shore crab
- Cherax quadricarinatus – redclaw crayfish
- Procambarus clarkii – red swamp crayfish[6]
Insects[]
Invasive species of insects include:[5][12]
- Aedes albopictus – Asian tiger mosquito
- Anoplolepis gracilipes – yellow crazy ant
- Aphis spiraecola – green citrus aphid [5]
- Aulacaspis yasumatsui – cycad aulacaspis scale [6]
- Bactrocera invadens – Asian fruit fly
- Bemisia tabaci – silverleaf whitefly
- Cactoblastis cactorum – cactus moth
- Cinara cupressi – cypress aphid [7]
- Coptotermes formosanus – Formosan subterranean termite
- Cosmopolites sordidus – banana root borer [8]
- Cryptotermes brevis – West Indian drywood termite
- Ctenarytaina eucalypti – blue gum psyllid [9]
- Eulachnus rileyi – pine needle aphid [10]
- Frankliniella occidentalis – western flower thrips [11]
- Harmonia axyridis – Asian lady beetle
- Hylastes ater – black pine bark beetle
- Hylurgus ligniperda – red-haired pine bark beetle [12]
- Icerya purchasi – cottony cushion scale [13]
- Linepithema humile – Argentine ant
- – Mediterranean pine engraver
- Phenacoccus manihoti – cassava mealybug [14]
- Pineus pini – pine woolly aphid [15]
- Polistes dominula – European paper wasp
- Pseudococcus calceolariae – Citrophilus mealybug [16]
- Sirex noctilio – Sirex woodwasp
- Technomyrmex albipes – white-footed ant
- Thaumastocoris peregrinus – bronze bug [17]
- Vespula germanica – European wasp
- Xyleborinus saxesenii – fruit-tree pinhole borer [18]
- Xylosandrus compactus – black twig borer [19]
Fish[]
Invasive species of fish include:[5][13]
- Ctenopharyngodon idella – grass carp
- Cyprinus carpio – common carp
- Gambusia affinis – western mosquitofish
- Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – silver carp
- Lepomis macrochirus – bluegill
- Micropterus dolomieu – smallmouth bass
- Micropterus punctulatus – spotted bass
- Micropterus salmoides – largemouth bass
- Micropterus salmoides floridanus – Florida bass
- Oreochromis niloticus – Nile tilapia (and hybrids)
- Perca fluviatilis – European perch
- – vermiculated sailfin catfish
- Salmo salar – Atlantic salmon
- Tinca tinca – tench
Amphibians[]
Invasive species of amphibians include:
- Amietophrynus gutturalis – guttural toad [20]
Reptiles[]
Invasive species of reptiles include:[5]
- Emys orbicularis – European pond turtle [21]
- Gehyra mutilata – stump-tailed gecko
- Hemidactylus frenatus – common house gecko[14]
- Lepidodactylus lugubris – mourning gecko
- Tarentola mauritanica – Moorish wall gecko
- Trachemys scripta ssp. elegans – red-eared slider[14]
Birds[]
Invasive species of birds include:[5][15]
- Acridotheres tristis – common myna
- Anas platyrhynchos – mallard (and hybrids)
- Columba livia – rock dove
- Corvus splendens – house crow
- Fringilla coelebs – common chaffinch
- Sturus vulgaris – european starling
Mammals[]
Invasive species of mammals include:[5][16]
- Felis silvestris – cat [22]
- Hemitragus jemlahicus – Himalayan tahr
- Mus musculus – house mouse
- Rattus rattus – black rat
- Sus scrofa – feral pig
See also[]
References[]
- ^ National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ NEM:BA - Alien and Invasive Species Regulations - 19 July 2013 Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ South Africa: Microorganisms. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ South Africa: Algaes. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h National List of Invasive Species under Chapter 5 of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004. Government Gazette, Government of South Africa. 19 July 2013.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Zimmerman, H. G. South Africa. In: Macdonald, I. A. W., et al. Invasive Alien Species in Southern Africa: National Reports & Directory of Resources. Global Invasive Species Programme. 2002. pg 45.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f South Africa: Vines & Climbers. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f South Africa: Aquatic plants. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ Ciona intestinalis (tunicate). Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ South Africa: Annelids. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ South Africa: Molluscs. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ South Africa: Insects. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ South Africa: Fish. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ Jump up to: a b South Africa: Reptiles. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ South Africa: Birds. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
- ^ South Africa: Mammals. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
External links[]
Categories:
- Environment of South Africa
- Invasive plant species in South Africa
- Lists of biota of South Africa
- Lists of invasive species
- Invasive animal species by country
- Fauna of South Africa
- Flora of South Africa