List of mammals of Bolivia

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This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Bolivia. There are 300 mammal species in Bolivia, of which two are critically endangered, five are endangered, seventeen are vulnerable, and twelve are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Subclass: Theria[]

Infraclass: Eutheria[]

Order: Cingulata (armadillos)[]

Nine-banded armadillo

The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.

  • Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
    • Subfamily: Dasypodinae
      • Genus: Dasypus
        • Greater long-nosed armadillo, D. kappleri LC
        • Nine-banded armadillo, D. novemcinctus LC
        • Seven-banded armadillo, D. septemcinctus LC
    • Subfamily: Euphractinae
      • Genus: Chaetophractus
        • Andean hairy armadillo, C. nationi VU
        • Screaming hairy armadillo, C. vellerosus LC
        • Big hairy armadillo, C. villosus LC
      • Genus: Calyptophractus
        • Greater fairy armadillo, C. retusus NT
      • Genus: Euphractus
        • Six-banded armadillo, E. sexcinctus LC
    • Subfamily: Tolypeutinae

Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)[]

Brown-throated three-toed sloth

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.

  • Suborder: Folivora
    • Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
      • Genus: Bradypus
        • Brown-throated three-toed sloth, Bradypus variegatus LC
    • Family: Choloepodidae (two-toed sloths)
  • Suborder: Vermilingua
    • Family: Cyclopedidae
      • Genus: Cyclopes
        • Silky anteater, Cyclopes didactylus LC
    • Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters)
      • Genus: Myrmecophaga
        • Giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla NT
      • Genus: Tamandua
        • Southern tamandua, Tamandua tetradactyla LC

Order: Primates[]

Emperor tamarin
Venezuelan red howler

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)
        • Family: Cebidae
          • Subfamily: Callitrichinae
            • Genus: Callithrix
              • Pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea LC
            • Genus:Leontocebus
            • Genus: Saguinus
              • Emperor tamarin, Saguinus imperator LC
              • White-lipped tamarin, Saguinus labiatus LC
            • Genus: Callimico
          • Subfamily: Cebinae
        • Family: Aotidae
        • Family: Pitheciidae
        • Family: Atelidae
          • Subfamily: Alouattinae
            • Genus: Alouatta
              • Black howler, Alouatta caraya LC
              • Bolivian red howler, Alouatta sara LC
              • Venezuelan red howler, Alouatta seniculus LC
          • Subfamily: Atelinae
            • Genus: Ateles
              • Peruvian spider monkey, Ateles chamek LC
            • Genus: Lagothrix

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Coypu

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

  • Suborder: Hystricomorpha
    • Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
      • Subfamily: Erethizontinae
        • Genus: Coendou
          • Bicolor-spined porcupine, Coendou bicolor LR/lc
          • Brazilian porcupine, Coendou prehensilis LR/lc
    • Family: Chinchillidae (viscachas and chinchillas)
      • Genus: Chinchilla
        • Short-tailed chinchilla, Chinchilla brevicaudata CR
      • Genus: Lagidium
        • Southern viscacha, Lagidium viscacia DD
      • Genus: Lagostomus
        • Plains viscacha, Lagostomus maximus LR/lc
    • Family: Dinomyidae (pacarana)
      • Genus: Dinomys
    • Family: Caviidae (guinea pigs)
      • Subfamily: Caviinae
        • Genus: Cavia
          • Montane guinea pig, Cavia tschudii LR/lc
        • Genus: Galea
        • Genus: Microcavia
          • Southern mountain cavy, Microcavia australis LR/lc
          • Andean mountain cavy, Microcavia niata LR/lc
      • Subfamily: Dolichotinae
        • Genus: Dolichotis
          • Chacoan mara, Dolichotis salinicola LR/nt
    • Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and pacas)
      • Genus: Dasyprocta
        • Central American agouti, Dasyprocta punctata LR/lc
    • Family: Cuniculidae
      • Genus: Cuniculus
        • Lowland paca, Cuniculus paca LC
        • Mountain paca, Cuniculus taczanowskii LR/nt
    • Family: Ctenomyidae
    • Family: Octodontidae
      • Genus: Octodontomys
        • Mountain degu, Octodontomys gliroides LR/lc
    • Family: Abrocomidae
      • Genus: Abrocoma
        • Bolivian chinchilla rat, Abrocoma boliviensis VU
        • Ashy chinchilla rat, Abrocoma cinerea LR/lc
    • Family: Echimyidae
      • Subfamily: Dactylomyinae
        • Genus: Dactylomys
          • Bolivian bamboo rat, Dactylomys boliviensis LR/lc
          • Amazon bamboo rat, Dactylomys dactylinus LC
          • Montane bamboo rat, Dactylomys peruanus DD
      • Subfamily: Eumysopinae
    • Family: Myocastoridae (coypus)
      • Genus: Myocastor
        • Coypu, Myocastor coypus LR/lc
  • Suborder: Sciurognathi

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Western mastiff bat
Pale spear-nosed bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Boto

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Iniidae
        • Genus: Inia
          • Boto, Inia geoffrensis VU
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Sotalia
          • Tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Margay
Geoffroy's cat
Cougar
Culpeo
South American coati
Giant otter

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Jaguar, P. onca NT[10]
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Lycalopex
        • Culpeo, Lycalopex culpaeus LC
        • Pampas fox, Lycalopex gymnocercus LC
      • Genus: Cerdocyon
        • Crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous LC
      • Genus: Atelocynus
        • Short-eared dog, Atelocynus microtis DD
      • Genus: Speothos
        • Bush dog, Speothos venaticus VU
      • Genus: Chrysocyon
        • Maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus NT
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
      • Genus: Tremarctos
        • Spectacled bear, Tremarctos ornatus VU
    • Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
      • Genus: Procyon
        • Crab-eating raccoon, Procyon cancrivorus LR/lc
      • Genus: Nasua
        • South American coati, Nasua nasua LR/lc
      • Genus: Potos
        • Kinkajou, Potos flavus LR/lc
      • Genus: Bassaricyon
        • Eastern lowland olingo, Bassaricyon alleni LR/lc
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Eira
        • Tayra, Eira barbara LR/lc
      • Genus: Galictis
      • Genus: Lontra
        • Neotropical river otter, Lontra longicaudis DD
      • Genus: Neogale
        • Long-tailed weasel, Neogale frenata LR/lc
      • Genus: Pteronura
    • Family: Mephitidae

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Brazilian tapir

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
    • Genus: Tapirus
      • Brazilian tapir, Tapirus terrestris VU

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Guanaco
Marsh deer
Red brocket
Pampas deer

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
    • Genus: Catagonus
      • Chacoan peccary, C. wagneri EN
    • Genus: Pecari
      • Collared peccary, Dicotyles tajacu LC
    • Genus: Tayassu
      • White-lipped peccary, Tayassu pecari NT
  • Family: Camelidae (camels, llamas)
    • Genus: Lama
      • Guanaco, Lama guanicoe LR/lc
      • Vicuña, Lama vicugna LR/cd
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
    • Subfamily: Capreolinae
      • Genus: Blastocerus
        • Marsh deer, Blastocerus dichotomus VU
      • Genus: Hippocamelus
        • Taruca, Hippocamelus antisensis DD
      • Genus: Mazama
        • Red brocket, Mazama americana DD
        • Dwarf brocket, Mazama chunyi DD
        • Gray brocket, Mazama gouazoupira DD
      • Genus: Ozotoceros
        • Pampas deer, Ozotoceros bezoarticus N

Infraclass: Metatheria[]

Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)[]

Gray short-tailed opossum

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Lucherini, M.; Eizirik, E.; de Oliveira, T.; Pereira, J.; Williams, R.S.R. (2016). "Leopardus colocolo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15309A97204446.
  3. ^ Pereira, J.; Lucherini, M. & Trigo, T. (2015). "Leopardus geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15310A50657011.
  4. ^ Villalba, L.; Lucherini, M.; Walker, S.; Lagos, N.; Cossios, D.; Bennett, M. & Huaranca, J. (2016). "Leopardus jacobita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15452A50657407.
  5. ^ Paviolo, A.; Crawshaw, P.; Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C.A.; Kelly, M.; De Angelo, C. & Payan, E. (2015). "Leopardus pardalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11509A97212355.
  6. ^ Payan, E. & de Oliveira, T. (2016). "Leopardus tigrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T54012637A50653881.
  7. ^ de Oliveira, T.; Paviolo, A.; Schipper, J.; Bianchi, R.; Payan, E. & Carvajal, S.V. (2015). "Leopardus wiedii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11511A50654216.
  8. ^ Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T. & Carvajal, S.V. (2015). "Herpailurus yagouaroundi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T9948A50653167.
  9. ^ Nielsen, C.; Thompson, D.; Kelly, M. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2015). "Puma concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18868A97216466.
  10. ^ Quigley, H.; Foster, R.; Petracca, L.; Payan, E.; Salom, R. & Harmsen, B. (2017). "Panthera onca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15953A123791436.

References[]

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