List of mammals of Peru

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The vicuña, Lama vicugna, is the national animal of Peru

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Peru. There are 417 mammal species in Peru, of which five are critically endangered, nine are endangered, thirty-two are vulnerable, and ten are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Subclass: Theria[]

Infraclass: Eutheria[]

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Amazonian manatee

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

    • Family: Trichechidae
      • Genus: Trichechus
        • Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis VU

Order: Cingulata (armadillos)[]

Nine-banded armadillo

The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.

    • Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
      • Subfamily: Dasypodinae
        • Genus: Dasypus
          • Greater long-nosed armadillo, Dasypus kappleri LC
          • Nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus LC
          • Hairy long-nosed armadillo, Dasypus pilosus VU
      • Subfamily: Tolypeutinae
        • Genus: Cabassous
          • Southern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous unicinctus LC
        • Genus: Priodontes
          • Giant armadillo, Priodontes maximus VU

Order: Pilosa (anteaters, sloths and tamanduas)[]

Linnaeus's two-toed sloth

The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.

  • Suborder: Folivora
    • Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths)
      • Genus: Bradypus
        • Brown-throated three-toed sloth, Bradypus variegatus LC
    • Family: Choloepodidae (two-toed sloths)
  • Suborder: Vermilingua
    • Family: Cyclopedidae
      • Genus: Cyclopes
        • Silky anteater, Cyclopes didactylus LC
    • Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters)
      • Genus: Myrmecophaga
        • Giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla NT
      • Genus: Tamandua
        • Northern tamandua, Tamandua mexicana LC
        • Southern tamandua, Tamandua tetradactyla LC

Order: Primates[]

Black-mantled tamarin
Monk saki
Mantled howler
Yellow-tailed woolly monkey

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)
        • Family: Cebidae
        • Family: Aotidae
        • Family: Pitheciidae
          • Subfamily: Callicebinae
            • Genus: Callicebus
              • Brown titi, Callicebus brunneus LC
              • Coppery titi, Callicebus cupreus LC
              • White-tailed titi, Callicebus discolor LC
              • Lucifer titi, Callicebus lucifer LC
              • Rio Mayo titi, Callicebus oenanthe VU
          • Subfamily: Pitheciinae
        • Family: Atelidae
          • Subfamily: Alouattinae
            • Genus: Alouatta
              • Mantled howler, Alouatta palliata LC
              • Venezuelan red howler, Alouatta seniculus LC
          • Subfamily: Atelinae
            • Genus: Ateles
              • White-fronted spider monkey, Ateles belzebuth VU
              • Peruvian spider monkey, Ateles chamek LC
            • Genus: Lagothrix
            • Genus: Oreonax
              • Yellow-tailed woolly monkey, Oreonax flavicauda CR

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Lowland paca
White-footed climbing mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

  • Suborder: Hystricognathi
    • Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
      • Subfamily: Erethizontinae
        • Genus: Coendou
          • Bicolor-spined porcupine, Coendou bicolor LR/lc
    • Family: Chinchillidae (viscachas and chinchillas)
      • Genus: Chinchilla
        • Short-tailed chinchilla, Chinchilla chinchilla EN extirpated
      • Genus: Lagidium
        • Northern viscacha, Lagidium peruanum LR/lc
        • Southern viscacha, Lagidium viscacia D
    • Family: Dinomyidae (pacarana)
      • Genus: Dinomys
        • Pacarana, Dinomys branickii VU
    • Family: Caviidae (guinea pigs)
      • Subfamily: Caviinae
        • Genus: Cavia
          • Guinea pig, Cavia porcellus LR/lc
          • Montane guinea pig, Cavia tschudii LR/lc
        • Genus: Galea
          • Common yellow-toothed cavy, Galea musteloides LR/lc
      • Subfamily: Hydrochoerinae (capybaras and rock cavies)
        • Genus: Hydrochoerus
          • Capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris LR/lc
    • Family: Dasyproctidae (agoutis and pacas)
      • Genus: Dasyprocta
        • Black agouti, Dasyprocta fuliginosa LR/lc
        • Kalinowski agouti, Dasyprocta kalinowskii DD
        • Central American agouti, Dasyprocta punctata LR/lc
      • Genus: Myoprocta
        • Red acouchi, Myoprocta acouchy LR/lc
        • Red acouchi, Myoprocta exilis DD
    • Family: Cuniculidae
      • Genus: Cuniculus
        • Lowland paca, Cuniculus paca LC
        • Mountain paca, Cuniculus taczanowskii NT
    • Family: Ctenomyidae
      • Genus: Ctenomys
        • White-toothed tuco-tuco, Ctenomys leucodon LR/lc
        • Highland tuco-tuco, Ctenomys opimus LR/lc
        • Peruvian tuco-tuco, Ctenomys peruanus LR/lc
    • Family: Abrocomidae
      • Genus: Abrocoma
        • Ashy chinchilla rat, Abrocoma cinerea LR/lc
    • Family: Echimyidae
      • Subfamily: Dactylomyinae
        • Genus: Dactylomys
          • Bolivian bamboo rat, Dactylomys boliviensis LR/lc
          • Amazon bamboo rat, Dactylomys dactylinus LR/lc
          • Montane bamboo rat, Dactylomys peruanus DD
      • Subfamily: Echimyinae
        • Genus: Echimys
          • Peruvian tree-rat, Echimys rhipidurus DD
          • Dark spiny tree-rat, Echimys saturnus LR/lc
        • Genus: Isothrix
          • Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat, Isothrix bistriata LR/nt
        • Genus: Pattonomys
          • Bare-tailed armored tree-rat, Pattonomys occasius CR
      • Subfamily: Eumysopinae
  • Suborder: Sciurognathi
    • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
      • Subfamily: Sciurillinae
        • Genus: Sciurillus
          • Neotropical pygmy squirrel, Sciurillus pusillus LR/lc
      • Subfamily: Sciurinae
    • Family: Cricetidae
      • Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
        • Genus: Abrothrix
          • Andean altiplano mouse, Abrothrix andinus LR/lc
          • Jelski's altiplano mouse, Abrothrix jelskii LR/lc
        • Genus: Aegialomys
          • Yellowish oryzomys, Aegialomys xanthaeolus LR/lc
        • Genus: Akodon
          • Highland grass mouse, Akodon aerosus LR/lc
          • White-bellied grass mouse, Akodon albiventer LR/lc
          • Bolivian grass mouse, Akodon boliviensis LR/lc
          • Smoky grass mouse, Akodon fumeus LR/lc
          • Junin grass mouse, Akodon juninensis LR/lc
          • Koford's grass mouse, Akodon kofordi LR/lc
          • Thespian grass mouse, Akodon mimus LR/lc
          • Soft grass mouse, Akodon mollis LR/lc
          • El Dorado grass mouse, Akodon orophilus LR/lc
          • Altiplano grass mouse, Akodon puer LR/lc
          • Puno grass mouse, Akodon subfuscus LR/lc
          • Silent grass mouse, Akodon surdus LR/lc
          • Cloud forest grass mouse, Akodon torques LR/lc
        • Genus: Andinomys
          • Andean mouse, Andinomys edax LR/lc
        • Genus: Auliscomys
          • Bolivian big-eared mouse, Auliscomys boliviensis LR/lc
          • Painted big-eared mouse, Auliscomys pictus LR/lc
          • Andean big-eared mouse, Auliscomys sublimis LR/lc
        • Genus: Calomys
          • Andean vesper mouse, Calomys lepidus LR/lc
          • Peruvian vesper mouse, Calomys sorellus LR/lc
        • Genus: Chibchanomys
        • Genus: Chinchillula
          • Altiplano chincilla mouse, Chinchillula sahamae LR/lc
        • Genus: Eligmodontia
          • Andean gerbil mouse, Eligmodontia puerulus LR/lc
        • Genus: Eremoryzomys
        • Genus: Euryoryzomys
          • MacConnell's rice rat, Euryoryzomys macconnelli LR/lc
          • Elegant rice rat, Euryoryzomys nitidus LR/lc
        • Genus: Galenomys
        • Genus: Handleyomys
          • Black-eared rice rat, Handleyomys melanotis DD
        • Genus: Holochilus
          • Amazonian marsh rat, Holochilus sciureus LR/lc
        • Genus: Hylaeamys
          • Western Amazonian oryzomys, Hylaeamys perenensis LC
          • Yungas rice rat, Hylaeamys yunganus LR/lc
        • Genus: Ichthyomys
        • Genus: Lenoxus
          • Andean rat, Lenoxus apicalis LR/nt
        • Genus: Melanomys
        • Genus: Microryzomys
          • Highland small rice rat, Microryzomys altissimus LR/lc
          • Forest small rice rat, Microryzomys minutus LR/lc
        • Genus: Neacomys
          • Northern bristly mouse, Neacomys spinosus LR/lc
          • Narrow-footed bristly mouse, Neacomys tenuipes LR/lc
        • Genus: Necromys
          • Pleasant bolo mouse, Necromys amoenus LR/lc
        • Genus: Nectomys
          • Western Amazonian nectomys, Nectomys apicalis LC
          • Amazonian mouse, Nectomys rattus LC
        • Genus: Neotomys
          • Andean swamp rat, Neotomys ebriosus LR/lc
        • Genus: Nephelomys
          • Tomes's rice rat, Nephelomys albigularis LR/lc
          • Ecuadorian rice rat, Nephelomys auriventer LR/lc
          • Keays's rice rat, Nephelomys keaysi LR/lc
          • Light-footed rice rat, Nephelomys levipes LR/nt
        • Genus: Neusticomys
          • Peruvian fish-eating rat, Neusticomys peruviensis EN
        • Genus: Oecomys
          • Bicolored arboreal rice rat, Oecomys bicolor LR/lc
          • Dusky arboreal rice rat, Oecomys phaeotis LR/lc
          • Robert's arboreal rice rat, Oecomys roberti LR/lc
          • Trinidad arboreal rice rat, Oecomys trinitatis LR/lc
        • Genus: Oligoryzomys
          • Andean pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys andinus LR/lc
          • Sandy pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys arenalis LR/lc
          • Destructive pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys destructor DD
          • Small-eared pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys microtis LR/lc
        • Genus: Oreoryzomys
          • Peruvian rice rat, Oreoryzomys balneator LR/lc
        • Genus: Oxymycterus
          • Small hocicudo, Oxymycterus hiska VU
          • Incan hocicudo, Oxymycterus inca LR/lc
          • Paramo hocicudo, Oxymycterus paramensis LR/lc
        • Genus: Phyllotis
        • Genus: Punomys
        • Genus: Rhipidomys
        • Genus: Scolomys
          • Ucayali spiny mouse, Scolomys ucayalensis EN
        • Genus: Sigmodon
          • Peruvian cotton rat, Sigmodon peruanus LR/lc
        • Genus: Thomasomys

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)[]

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Western mastiff bat
Pale spear-nosed bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Blue whale
Rough-toothed dolphin
Pantropical spotted dolphin
Dusky dolphin

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater. Most live in the ocean, but there are fresh water dolphins in the Amazon basin.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
    • Family: Balaenidae
      • Genus: Eubalaena
        • Southern right whale, Eubalaena australis LR/cd
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
          • Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis DD
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD
          • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
          • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
      • Subfamily: Megapterinae
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Iniidae
        • Genus: Inia
          • Amazon river dolphin, Inia geoffrensis DD
      • Family: Phocoenidae
      • Family: Physeteridae
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Kogiidae
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps LR/lc
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima LR/lc
      • Family: Ziphidae
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Sotalia
          • Tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis DD
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LR/cd
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
        • Genus: Delphinus
          • Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis DD
          • Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Lissodelphis
          • Southern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis peronii DD
        • Genus: Sagmatias
          • Dusky dolphin, Sagmatias obscurus DD
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Grampus
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
        • Genus: Orcinus
          • Orca, Orcinus orca LR/cd
        • Genus: Globicephala
          • Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD
          • Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Andean mountain cat
Jaguarundi
Argentine grey fox
Long-tailed weasel

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Leopardus
        • Genus: Puma
          • Cougar, P. concolor LC[7]
        • Genus: Herpailurus
          • Jaguarundi, H. yagouaroundi LC[8]
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Jaguar, P. onca NT[9]
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Lycalopex
        • Culpeo, Lycalopex culpaeus LC
        • South American gray fox, Lycalopex griseus LC
        • Sechura fox, Lycalopex sechurae DD
      • Genus: Atelocynus
        • Short-eared dog, Atelocynus microtis DD
      • Genus: Speothos
        • Bush dog, Speothos venaticus VU
      • Genus: Chrysocyon
        • Maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus NT
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
      • Genus: Tremarctos
        • Spectacled bear, Tremarctos ornatus VU
    • Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
      • Genus: Procyon
        • Crab-eating raccoon, Procyon cancrivorus
      • Genus: Nasua
        • South American coati, Nasua nasua
      • Genus: Potos
        • Kinkajou, Potos flavus
      • Genus: Bassaricyon
        • Eastern lowland olingo, Bassaricyon alleni
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Eira
        • Tayra, Eira barbara
      • Genus: Galictis
        • Lesser grison, Galictis cuja
        • Greater grison, Galictis vittata
      • Genus: Lontra
        • Marine otter, Lontra felina EN
        • Neotropical river otter, Lontra longicaudis DD
      • Genus: Neogale
        • Amazon weasel, Neogale africana DD
        • Long-tailed weasel, Neogale frenata
      • Genus: Pteronura
    • Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
      • Genus: Arctocephalus
        • South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis
      • Genus: Otaria
        • South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens
    • Family: Mephitidae

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

Brazilian tapir

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
    • Genus: Tapirus
      • Mountain tapir, Tapirus pinchaque EN
      • Brazilian tapir, Tapirus terrestris VU

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Red brocket
White-tailed deer

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
    • Genus: Dicotyles
      • Collared peccary, Dicotyles tajacu LC
    • Genus: Tayassu
      • White-lipped peccary, Tayassu pecari NT
  • Family: Camelidae (camels, llamas)
    • Genus: Lama
      • Guanaco, Lama guanicoe LR/lc
      • Vicuña, Lama vicugna LR/cd
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
    • Subfamily: Capreolinae
      • Genus: Blastocerus
        • Marsh deer, Blastocerus dichotomus VU
      • Genus: Hippocamelus
        • Taruca, Hippocamelus antisensis DD
      • Genus: Mazama
        • Red brocket, Mazama americana DD
        • Dwarf brocket, Mazama chunyi DD
        • Gray brocket, Mazama gouazoupira DD
      • Genus: Odocoileus
        • White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus LR/lc
      • Genus: Pudu

Infraclass: Metatheria[]

Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)[]

Common opossum

Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.

Order: Paucituberculata (shrew opossums)[]

There are six extant species of shrew opossum. They are small shrew-like marsupials confined to the Andes.

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ^ Lucherini, M.; Eizirik, E.; de Oliveira, T.; Pereira, J.; Williams, R.S.R. (2016). "Leopardus colocola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15309A97204446.
  3. ^ Villalba, L.; Lucherini, M.; Walker, S.; Lagos, N.; Cossios, D.; Bennett, M. & Huaranca, J. (2016). "Leopardus jacobita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15452A50657407.
  4. ^ Paviolo, A.; Crawshaw, P.; Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C.A.; Kelly, M.; De Angelo, C. & Payan, E. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Leopardus pardalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11509A97212355.
  5. ^ Payan, E. & de Oliveira, T. (2016). "Leopardus tigrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T54012637A50653881.
  6. ^ de Oliveira, T.; Paviolo, A.; Schipper, J.; Bianchi, R.; Payan, E. & Carvajal, S.V. (2015). "Leopardus wiedii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T11511A50654216.
  7. ^ Nielsen, C.; Thompson, D.; Kelly, M. & Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2015). "Puma concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18868A97216466.
  8. ^ Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T. & Carvajal, S.V. (2015). "Herpailurus yagouaroundi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T9948A50653167.
  9. ^ Quigley, H.; Foster, R.; Petracca, L.; Payan, E.; Salom, R. & Harmsen, B. (2017). "Panthera onca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15953A123791436.

References[]

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