List of mammals of Myanmar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Myanmar. There are 257 mammal species in Myanmar, of which four are critically endangered, ten are endangered, twenty-six are vulnerable, and two are near threatened.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Eld's deer
Gaur
Takin

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Bos
        • Gaur, B. gaurus VU[2]
        • Banteng, B. javanicus EN[3]
    • Subfamily: Caprinae
      • Genus: Budorcas
        • Takin, B. taxicolor VU[4]
      • Genus: Capricornis
        • Mainland serow, C. sumatraensis VU[5]
      • Genus: Naemorhedus
        • Red goral, N. baileyi VU[6]
        • Chinese goral, N. caudatus VU[7]
        • Himalayan goral, N. goral NT[8]
    • Genus: Pseudois
      • Bharal, P. nayaur LC[9]
  • Family: Moschidae (musk deer)
    • Genus: Moschus
      • Black musk deer, M. fuscus EN[10]
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Sus
        • Wild boar, S. scrofa LC[14]
  • Family: Tragulidae (chevrotains)
    • Genus: Tragulus
      • Lesser mouse deer, T. kanchil LC
      • Greater mouse deer, T. napu LC

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Asian golden cat
Marbled cat
Dhole
Golden jackal
Sun bear
Back-striped weasel
Yellow-throated marten

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Catopuma
          • Asian golden cat, C. temminckii NT[15]
        • Genus: Felis
          • Jungle cat, F. chaus LC[16]
        • Genus: Pardofelis
          • Marbled cat, P. marmorata NT[17]
        • Genus: Prionailurus
          • Leopard cat, P. bengalensis LC[18]
          • Fishing cat, P. viverrinus VU[19]
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Neofelis
          • Clouded leopard, N. nebulosa VU[20]
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Leopard, P. pardus VU[21]
            • Indochinese leopard, P. p. delacouri
          • Tiger, P. tigris EN[22]
    • Family: Viverridae
      • Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
        • Genus: Arctictis
          • Binturong, A. binturong VU[24]
        • Genus: Arctogalidia
          • Small-toothed palm civet, A. trivirgata LC[25]
        • Genus: Paguma
          • Masked palm civet, P. larvata LC[26]
        • Genus: Paradoxurus
          • Asian palm civet, P. hermaphroditus LC[27]
      • Subfamily: Hemigalinae
        • Genus: Hemigalus
          • Banded palm civet, H. derbyanus NT[28]
      • Subfamily: Prionodontinae
      • Subfamily: Viverrinae
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Ailuridae
      • Genus: Ailurus
        • Red panda, A. fulgens EN[37]
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Canis
        • Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[38]
        • Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[39]
      • Genus: Cuon
        • Dhole, C. alpinus EN[40]
      • Genus: Vulpes
        • Red fox, V. vulpes LC[41]
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
      • Genus: Helarctos
        • Sun bear, H. malayanus VU[42]
      • Genus: Ursus
        • Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus VU[43]
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • Asian small-clawed otter, A. cinereus VU[44]
      • Genus: Arctonyx
      • Genus: Lutra
        • Eurasian otter, L. lutra NT[47]
      • Genus: Lutrogale
        • Smooth-coated otter, L. perspicillata VU[48]
      • Genus: Martes
        • Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula LC[49]
      • Genus: Melogale
        • Chinese ferret badger, M. moschata LC[50]
        • Burmese ferret badger, M. personata LC[51]
      • Genus: Mustela

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Blue whale
Pantropical spotted dolphin

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Common minke whale, B. acutorostrata LC[55]
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera brydei DD
          • Eden's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD
          • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Physeteridae
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Phocoenidae
        • Genus: Neophocaena
          • Finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides DD
      • Family: Kogiidae
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps DD[56]
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima DD
      • Family: Ziphiidae
        • Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
          • Genus: Indopacetus
            • Tropical bottlenose whale, Indopacetus pacificus DD
          • Genus: Mesoplodon
        • Subfamily: Ziphiinae
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Sousa
          • Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin, Sousa chinensis DD
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus DD
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata
          • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Grampus
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
        • Genus: Globicephala
        • Genus: Orcaella
          • Irrawaddy dolphin, O. brevirostris EN[57]
        • Genus: Orcinus
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra DD

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Lesser false vampire bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Dermoptera (colugos)[]

Sunda flying lemur

The two species of colugos make up the order Dermoptera. They are arboreal gliding mammals found in Southeast Asia.

  • Family: Cynocephalidae (flying lemurs)
    • Genus: Galeopterus
      • Sunda flying lemur, G. variegatus LC[64]

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
    • Subfamily: Galericinae
      • Genus: Echinosorex
        • Gymnure, E. gymnura LC
      • Genus: Hylomys
        • Shrew gymnure, H. sinensis NT
        • Short-tailed gymnure, H. suillus LC

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
    • Genus: Lepus
      • Burmese hare, L. peguensis LC

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[]

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

  • Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
    • Genus: Acrocodia
      • Malayan tapir, A. indica EN[65]

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

Sunda pangolin

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Sunda pangolin, M. javanica CR[66]
      • Chinese pangolin, M. pentadactyla CR[67]

Order: Primates[]

Crab-eating macaque

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Macaca
              • Stump-tailed macaque, M. arctoides VU[69]
              • Assam macaque, M. assamensis NT[70]
              • Crab-eating macaque, M. fascicularis VU[71]
              • Northern pigtail macaque, M. leonina VU
              • Rhesus macaque, M. mulatta LC[72]

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

Asian elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Elephas
      • Asian elephant, E. maximus EN[82]

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Polynesian rat

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Scandentia (treeshrews)[]

The treeshrews are small mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews and are not all arboreal.

  • Family: Tupaiidae (tree shrews)
    • Genus: Tupaia
      • Northern treeshrew, T. belangeri LC[85]

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Dugongs
  • Family: Dugongidae
    • Genus: Dugong
      • Dugong, D. dugon VU[86]

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[]

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Grey shrew, C. attenuata LC
        • Southeast Asian shrew, C. fuliginosa LC
      • Genus: Suncus
        • Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
        • Asian house shrew, S. murinus LC[87]
    • Subfamily: Soricinae
      • Tribe:
        • Genus: Anourosorex
          • Mole shrew, A. squamipes LC
      • Tribe: Blarinellini
        • Genus: Blarinella
          • Southern short-tailed shrew, B. wardi LC
      • Tribe: Nectogalini
        • Genus: Chimarrogale
        • Genus: Nectogale
          • Elegant water shrew, N. elegans LC
        • Genus: Soriculus
      • Tribe: Soricini
        • Genus: Sorex
          • Lesser striped shrew, S. bedfordiae LC
  • Family: Talpidae (moles)
    • Subfamily: Talpinae
      • Tribe: Scaptonychini
        • Genus: Scaptonyx
          • Long-tailed mole, S. fusicaudus LC
      • Tribe: Talpini
        • Genus: Parascaptor
          • White-tailed mole, P. leucura LC
    • Subfamily: Uropsilinae
      • Genus: Uropsilus
        • Gracile shrew mole, U. gracilis LC

Locally extinct[]

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

  • Indian hog deer, Axis porcinus possibly extirpated[88]
  • Sumatran rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis[89]
  • Hairy-nosed otter, Lutra sumatrana[90]
  • Javan rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus[91]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
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