List of mammals of the Philippines

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Asian small-clawed otter

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in the Philippines.

There are 210 native mammal species in the Philippines (excluding those of the order Cetacea, being whales, dolphins, and porpoises) of which around six are critically endangered, around thirteen are endangered, around thirty are vulnerable, and around two are near threatened. One former species, Acerodon lucifer, is extinct, but is now highly regarded as part of the species Acerodon jubatus today, thus, the species still thrives in the archipelago, but is extirpated on the island of Panay.

Seven species in the country have been introduced for agriculture, transportation, companionship, and tourism, amongst other reasons. Three species (introduced accidentally through ships) are worldwide pests: the black and brown rats, and the house mouse.

The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on 1) The Synopsis of Philippine Mammals by the Smithsonian Institution; 2) recent articles on species discovery in the country; 3) domesticated profiles; and 4) those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of May 21, 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, the Smithsonian Institution, or the University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is at imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorize it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Dugongs

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered. One species occur in the Philippines.

  • Family: Dugongidae
    • Genus: Dugong
      • Dugong, D. dugon VU[1]

Order: Scandentia (treeshrews)[]

The treeshrews are small mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews and are not all arboreal. Three species occur in the Philippines, though the Calamian treeshrew is not yet fully considered by the IUCN as a full separate species because assessment is not yet done at present to confirm the movement as of 2013.

  • Family: Tupaiidae (tree shrews)
    • Genus: Tupaia
      • Calamian treeshrew, Tupaia moellendorffi DD
      • Palawan tree shrew, Tupaia palawanensis VU
    • Genus: Urogale
      • Mindanao treeshrew, Urogale everetti VU

Order: Dermoptera (colugos)[]

The two species of colugos make up the order Dermoptera. They are arboreal gliding mammals found in Southeast Asia. Only one species occurs in the Philippines, and is endemic to the Mindanao Faunal Region.

  • Family: Cynocephalidae (flying lemurs)
    • Genus: Cynocephalus
      • Philippine flying lemur, C. volans VU

Order: Primates[]

Crab-eating macaque

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes. Three endemic species occurs in the Philippines.

  • Suborder: Strepsirrhini
  • Suborder: Haplorhini
    • Infraorder: Tarsiiformes
      • Superfamily: Tarsioidea
        • Family: Tarsiidae (tarsiers)
          • Genus: Carlito
            • Philippine tarsier, Carlito syrichta DD
              • , Carlito syrichta carbonarius
              • , Carlito syrichta fraterculus
              • , Carlito syrichta syrichta
    • Infraorder: Simiiformes
      • Parvorder: Catarrhini
        • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
          • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
            • Genus: Macaca
              • Crab-eating macaque, Macaca fascicularis LR/nt

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Polynesian rat

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small, though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb). As of 2014, 86 native species occur in the Philippines, most endemic to the archipelago. There are also three introduced species of rodents in the archipelago:: the house mouse, black rat, and the brown rat, which are considered worldwide pests.

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews and gymnures)[]

Asian house shrew

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats. The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers. Fifteen species occur in the Philippines, most of which are endemic.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
    • Subfamily: Galericinae
      • Genus: Podogymnura
        • Dinagat moonrat, Podogymnura aureospinula EN
        • Mindanao moonrat, Podogymnura truei EN
  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
    • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
      • Genus: Crocidura
        • Grey shrew, Crocidura attenuata LR/lc
        • Batak shrew, Crocidura batakorum
        • Mindanao shrew, Crocidura beatus VU
        • Mt. Malindang shrew, Crocidura grandis EN
        • Luzon shrew, Crocidura grayi VU
        • Mindoro shrew, Crocidura mindorus EN
        • Negros shrew, Crocidura negrina CR
        • Sibuyan shrew, Crocidura ninoyi DD
        • Palawan shrew, Crocidura palawanensis VU
        • Panay shrew, Crocidura panayensis
      • Genus: Palawanosorex
      • Genus: Suncus
        • Asian house shrew, Suncus murinus LR/lc

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Giant golden-crowned flying fox

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Ninety species occur in the Philippines.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

Philippine pangolin

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue is seen in the other unrelated anteater species. One species occurs in the Philippines, the Philippine pangolin.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Philippine pangolin, Manis culionensis CR

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Pygmy sperm whale
Melon-headed whales in Bohol Sea between Balicasag and Alona Beach
Pantropical spotted dolphin

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
          • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD
          • Blue whale, Baleenoptera musculus EN
          • Omura's whale, Baleanoptera omurai DD
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
      • Subfamily: Megapterinae
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Phocoenidae
        • Genus: Neophocaena
          • Finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides DD
      • Family: Kogiidae
        • Genus: Kogia
          • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps LR/lc
          • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima LR/lc
      • Family: Physeteridae
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Ziphidae
        • Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
          • Genus: Mesoplodon
          • Genus: Indopacetus
            • Tropical bottlenose whale, Indopacetus pacificus DD
          • Genus: Ziphius
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Sousa
          • Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin, Sousa chinensis DD
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus DD
          • Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LR/lc
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata LR/cd
          • Striped dolphin, Stenella cueruleoalba LR/lc
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris LR/cd
            • , Stenella longirostris longirostris
            • , Stenella longirostris roseiventris
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Grampus
        • Genus: Peponocephala
          • Melon-headed whale, Peponocephala electra LR/lc
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Orcinus
          • Orca, Orcinus orca LR/cd
        • Genus: Pseudorca
          • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
        • Genus: Globicephala
          • Pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd
        • Genus: Orcaella
          • Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Leopard cat

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Six native species occur in the Philippines.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae
    • Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.)
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
      • Genus: Urva
        • Collared mongoose, U. semitorquata LC, presence uncertain[10]
  • Suborder: Caniformia

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Visayan warty pig
Philippine spotted deer
Tamaraw

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. 10 native species occur in the Philippines.

  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Sus
        • Palawan bearded pig, S. ahoenobarbus VU
        • Bornean bearded pig, S. barbatus VU possibly extirpated[12]
        • Visayan warty pig, S. cebifrons CR
        • Oliver's warty pig, S. oliveri VU
        • Philippine warty pig, S. philippensis VU
          • , S. p. philippensis
          • , S. p. mindanensis
        • Wild boar, S. scrofa LC[13]
  • Family: Tragulidae
    • Genus: Tragulus
      • Philippine mouse-deer, T. nigricans EN
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Bubalus
        • Tamaraw, B. mindorensis CR

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Marsh, H. & Sobtzick, S. (2019). "Dugong dugon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T6909A160756767.
  2. ^ Nekaris, A.; Streicher, U. (2008). "Nycticebus menagensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39760A10263652. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T39760A10263652.en. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  3. ^ Ruedas, L. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19353A165118026.
  4. ^ Patel, R.P.; Wutke, S.; Lenz, D.; Mukherjee, S.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Veron, G.; Fickel, J.; Wilting, A.; Förster, D. (2017). "Genetic Structure and Phylogeography of the Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) Inferred from Mitochondrial Genomes". Journal of Heredity. 108 (4): 349–360. doi:10.1093/jhered/esx017. PMID 28498987.
  5. ^ Willcox, D.H.A.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Cheyne, S.; Semiadi, G.; Rahman, H.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Jennings, A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Ross, J.; Fredriksson, G.; Tilker, A. (2016). "Arctictis binturong". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41690A45217088.
  6. ^ Patou, M.L.; Wilting, A.; Gaubert, P.; Esselstyn, J.A.; Cruaud, C.; Jennings, A.P.; Fickel, J.; Veron, G. (2010). "Evolutionary history of the Paradoxurus palm civets–a new model for Asian biogeography". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (11): 2092–2093. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02364.x.
  7. ^ Piper, P.J.; Ochoa, J.; Robles, E.C.; Lewis, H.; Paz, V. (2011). "Palaeozoology of Palawan Island, Philippines". Quaternary International. 233 (2): 142–158. Bibcode:2011QuInt.233..142P. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.07.009.
  8. ^ Duckworth, J.W.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; Holden, J.; Hearn, A. & Ross, J. (2016). "Viverra tangalunga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41708A45220284. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  9. ^ Veron, G.; Willsch, M.; Dacosta, V.; Patou, M-L.; Seymour, A.; Bonillo, C.; Couloux, A.; Wong, S.T.; Jennings, A.P.; Fickel, J.; Wilting, A. (2014). "The distribution of the Malay civet Viverra tangalunga (Carnivora: Viverridae) across Southeast Asia: natural or human-mediated dispersal?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 170 (4): 917–932. doi:10.1111/zoj.12110.
  10. ^ Mathai, J.; Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Ross, J.; Holden, J.; Gemita, E. & Hon, J. (2015). "Herpestes semitorquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41616A45208027.
  11. ^ Wright, L., de Silva, P., Chan, B. & Reza Lubis, I. (2015). "Aonyx cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T44166A21939068.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Luskin, M.; Ke, A.; Meijaard, E.; Gumal, M.; Kawanishi, K. (2017). "Sus barbatus (errata version published in 2018)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41772A123793370.
  13. ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.

External links[]

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