List of nuclear research reactors

This is an annotated list of all the nuclear research reactors in the world, sorted by country, with operational status. For power reactors, see List of commercial nuclear reactors.

Algeria[]

• (The Peace), 15 MW heavy-water nuclear reactor for research, located in Aïn Oussera, in service since 1993
• Nur, research reactor built by Argentine INVAP

Antarctica[]

Nuclear research reactors in Antarctica

Name	Location	Reactor type	Purpose	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start date	Operation date	Closure	Operator and owner
PM-3A NNPU "Nukey Poo"[1]	McMurdo Station		power reactor	Shut down	1,800		1962	1972, fully dismantled 1979	US Navy

Argentina[]

Nuclear research reactors in Argentina^[2]

Name	Location	Reactor type	Purpose	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start date	Operation date	Closure	Operator and owner
RA-0		Tank type		Operational	0.001		1958		Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
RA-1 Enrico Fermi		Tank type		Operational	40	May 1957	17 January 1958		National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-2		Critical assembly type		Shut down	0.03		19 July 1966	September 1983	National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-3		Pool type		Operational	10,000		20 December 1967		National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-4		HOMOG type		Operational	0.001		September 1971		Universidad Nacional de Rosario
RA-6		Pool type		Operational	3,000	1 September 1978	23 September 1982		National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-8		Critical assembly type		Operation suspended	0.01		16 June 1997	2001	National Atomic Energy Commission
RA-10				Under construction	30,000	March 2016			National Atomic Energy Commission

Australia[]

Name	Location	Reactor type	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start	Operation start	Closure	Operator and owner
									Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor	Lucas Heights	LWR	Operational	20,000	June 2000	3 November 2006		ANSTO
Moata	Lucas Heights	Argonaut	Shut down	100		10 April 1961	2009	ANSTO (formerly Australian Atomic Energy Commission)
High Flux Australian Reactor	Lucas Heights	DIDO class PHWR	Shut down	10,000		26 January 1958	30 January 2007	ANSTO (formerly Australian Atomic Energy Commission)

The main uses of the current OPAL reactor are:

• Irradiation of target materials to produce radioisotopes for medical and industrial applications
• Research in the fields of materials science and structural biology using neutron beams and its sophisticated suite of experimental equipment
• Analysis of minerals and samples using the neutron activation technique and the delay neutron activation technique
• Irradiation of silicon ingots in order to dope them with phosphorus and produce the basic material used in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices

Austria[]

• Austrian Research Centers at Seibersdorf — 10 MW ASTRA research reactor (in use 1960–1999)
• Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities in Vienna — 250 kW TRIGA Mark II research reactor (in use since 1962)
• Reactor Institute of the Technical University in Graz — 10 kW Siemens Argonaut research reactor (operated from 1965–2004)

Bangladesh[]

• Savar – TRIGA Mark II, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (installed 1986)

Belarus[]

• Sosny, Minsk
  • IRT research reactor (shut down 1988)
  • "Pamir" - mobile nuclear power reactor test (shut down 1986)

Belgium[]

• BR-1 – 4MWt air-cooled, graphite moderated research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol^[3]
• BR-2 – 125MWt water-cooled, beryllium moderated material testing research reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol^[4]
• BR-3 – 11MWe PWR reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at SCK•CEN, Mol^[5]
• VENUS – zero power critical facility, converted to GUINEVERE, at SCK•CEN, Mol^[6]
• GUINEVERE – fast, accelerator driven, lead-cooled reactor at SCK•CEN, Mol^[7]
• Thetis reactor – 250kWt pool type reactor (shut down and fully decommissioned) at Ghent university (51°1′25.71″N 3°44′21.96″E / 51.0238083°N 3.7394333°E / 51.0238083; 3.7394333)^[8][9][10]

Brazil[]

• IEA-R1 – 5MW open pool reactor, – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo (criticality 1957-09-16)
• IPR-R1 – 250 kW TRIGA Mark I, – CDTN-Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte (criticality 1960-11-06)
• ARGONAUTA – 100 kW Argonaut class reactor, – IEN-Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear, Rio de Janeiro (criticality 1965-02-20)
• IPEN/MB-01 – 0.1 kW Critical assembly, – IPEN-Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo (criticality 1988-11-09)

Bulgaria[]

• Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia) – IRT-200 research reactor, partially decommissioned in 2009, shut down

Canada[]

Nuclear research reactors in Canada

Name	Reactor Type	Status	Capacity	Operation Date	Closure	Operator and Owner	Notes
MAPLE 1	Medical isotope production reactor	Never Operated		2000		Chalk River Laboratories	Incomplete commissioning, never completed testing. However, criticality was achieved[11]
MAPLE 2	Medical isotope production reactor	Never Operated		2003		Chalk River Laboratories	Incomplete commissioning, never completed testing. However, criticality was achieved[11]
NRU	Heavy water cooled/moderated[12]	Shut Down	135 MW	1957	2018[13]	Chalk River Laboratories
NRX	Heavy water moderated, light water cooled[12]	Shut Down	42 MW	1947	1993	Chalk River Laboratories	One of the highest flux reactors in the world until shut down
SLOWPOKE-1 prototype	Pool Type	Shut Down	5 kW			Chalk River Laboratories, University of Toronto	The prototype was moved to the University of Toronto in 1971
PTR	Pool type	Shut Down			1990	Chalk River Laboratories
ZED-2		Operational	200 Wth	1960		Chalk River Laboratories
ZEEP	Heavy water	Shut Down	0	1945	1973	Chalk River Laboratories	The first nuclear reactor in Canada, and first outside the United States
WR-1	Organically cooled CANDU	Shut Down		1965[14]	1985	Whiteshell Laboratories	Coolant leak of 2,739 litres in Nov. 1978.[15]
SLOWPOKE-3 demonstration	Pool type	Shut Down	2 MWth	1987[14]	1989[14]	Whiteshell Laboratories
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Operational	0	1981		Saskatchewan Research Council	On 17 January 2018, the reactor surpassed 20,000 hours of operation
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1984[14]	1989	Nordion
SLOWPOKE-2 prototype	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1971[14]		Tunney's Pasture
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1976[14]		Dalhousie University
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Operational	0	1976		École Polytechnique de Montréal
McMaster Nuclear Reactor	SLOWPOKE-2 pool type	Operational	5 MWth	1959		McMaster University
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Operational	20 kW	1985		Royal Military College
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1977[14]	2017	University of Alberta
SLOWPOKE-2	Pool type	Shut Down	20 kW	1976[14]	2001	University of Toronto	Rebuilt from SLOWPOKE-1

Chile[]

• RECH 1 – Pool-type reactor, 5 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1974)
• RECH 2 – Pool-type reactor, 10 MW MTR – Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago (criticality 1977, refurbished 1989), currently in extended shutdown^[16]

China[]

• CEFR Chinese Experimental Fast Reactor (65 MW, 20 MWe, sodium cooled fast-spectrum neutron reactor). Located at CIAE Beijing, construction started May 2000, first criticality July 2010.

Colombia[]

• Bogotá – IAN-R1, 100 kW – TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Science (installed in 1997)

Democratic Republic of the Congo[]

• TRICO I – TRIGA reactor, CREN-K (University of Kinshasa), 50 kW (initial criticality 1959, shut down 1970)
• TRICO II – TRIGA reactor, CREN-K (University of Kinshasa), 1 MW (initial criticality 1972, extended shut down since 2004)^[17]

Czech Republic[]

• Řež – 2 research reactors (LVR-15 (a VVR-SM type reactor), LR-0)
• Prague – training reactor VR-1 at Czech Technical University

Denmark[]

• Risø – DR-3 DIDO class experimental reactor (shut down permanently in 2000)
• Risø – DR-2 experimental reactor (shut down in 1975)
• Risø – DR-1 experimental reactor (shut down permanently in 2001)

Egypt[]

• at Inshas:
  • ETRR-1 – 2 MW LWR
  • ETRR-2 – 22 MW reactor, built by Argentine INVAP

Estonia[]

• Paldiski – 2 PWR naval training reactors (dismantled)

Finland[]

• FiR 1 – TRIGA Mark II, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo (installed 1962, decommissioned 2015)

France[]

Shut down:

Working:

• Azur at Cadarache
• Cabri at Cadarache
• Eole at Cadarache
• Isis at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre
• Masurca at Cadarache
• Réacteur à Haut Flux (RHF) at Institut Laue-Langevin, currently the world's most intense source of neutrons and the source of the most intense neutron flux
• Minerve at Cadarache
• Orphée at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre

Germany[]

• AKR II – Ausbildungskernreaktor II, Technische Universität Dresden; rating: 2 W, commissioned 2005
• AVR – Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor, Forschungszentrum Jülich; rating: 15 MW, commissioned 1969; closed 1988
• BER II – Berliner-Experimentier-Reaktor II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; rating: 10 MW, commissioned 1990
• FRG-1 (see GKSS Research Center) – Geesthacht; rating: 5 MW, commissioned 1958
• FRM II – Technische Universität München; rating: 20 MW, commissioned 2004
• FRMZ – TRIGA of the University of Mainz, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; continuous rating: 0.10 MW, pulse rating for 30ms: 250 MW; commissioned 1965
• FR2 - Forschungsreaktor 2; rating: 44 MW; commissioned 1957; closed: 1981

Planned[]

• Wyhl, planned nuclear plant that was never built because of long-time resistance by the local population and environmentalists.

Greece[]

• (Temporary shutdown) GRR-1 – 5 MW research reactor at Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Athens.^[18][19]

Hungary[]

• Budapest
  • Technical University of Budapest (BME) Institute of Nuclear Techniques – University Research Reactor (100 kW)
  • KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (see KFKI Archived 25 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine) – (10 MW VVR-SM Budapest Research Reactor)

India[]

• Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) – Trombay
  • Apsara reactor – Asia's first nuclear reactor. 1 MW, pool type, light water moderated, enriched uranium fuel supplied by France
  • CIRUS reactor – 40 MW, supplied by Canada, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
  • Dhruva reactor – 100 MW, heavy water moderated, uses natural uranium fuel
  • Purnima series
• Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) – Kalpakkam
  • PFBR – 500MWe Sodium cooled fast breeder nuclear reactor, under construction. Expected completion 2015.
  • FBTR – 40 MW Fast Breeder Test Reactor, uses mixed (plutonium and uranium) carbide fuel
  • KAMINI –30 kW, uses U-233 fuel

Indonesia[]

• Bandung – TRIGA Mark II (250 kW installed 1965, 2MW installed 1997)
• Yogyakarta – TRIGA Mark II (100 kW installed 1979)
• Serpong, South Tangerang – 30MWh Multi-Purpose Reactor (installed 1987)

Iran[]

• Tehran – AMF reactor at Tehran Nuclear Research Center (supplied by USA, 1967)
• Isfahan, Nuclear Technology Center (mainly supplied by China,^[20])
  • MNSR – 27 kW Miniature Neutron Source Reactor
  • Light Water Subcritical Reactor (LWSCR)
  • Heavy Water Zero Power Reactor (HWZPR)
  • Graphite Subcritical Reactor (GSCR)
• Arak – IR-40 Heavy water-moderated reactor (under construction, planned commissioning 2014)

Iraq[]

• IRT-5000 5 MW Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied by The Soviet Union.^[21])
• Tamuz-1 40 MW thermal tank-pool research reactor(OSIRIS reactor). Destroyed in Operation Scorch Sword and Operation Opera (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.^[21])
• Tamuz-2 500 KW ISIS neutron modelling module. Destroyed in Operation Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Liberation (Supplied, fueled and serviced by France.^[21])

Tamuz-1 and Tamuz-2 are parts of the same French nuclear research complex design, the OSIRIS research complex. All three reactors were located at the same site.^{[22] [23]}

Israel[]

• Negev Nuclear Research Center – EL-102 uranium/heavy water research reactor, originally 24 MW (supplied by France, operational 1962, not under IAEA safeguards)
• Soreq Nuclear Research Center – 5 MW light water research reactor (supplied by USA, operational 1960)

Italy[]

• Brasimone (Bologna) – PEC (Prove Esperimenti Combustibile - Fuel Test Experiments): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - National Atomic Energy Agency - Brasimone Research Center (1972–1987)^[24]
• Ispra (Varese) – ISPRA-1 (5 MW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1959–1973)^{[25][26][27][28]}
• Ispra (Varese) – ECO (Essai Critique ORGEL, 1 kW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1966–1983)^{[25][27][29][28]}
• Ispra (Varese) – ESSOR (ESSai ORrganique eau lourde, 25MW): European Commission Joint Research Centre (1967–1983)^[25][30][28]
• Legnaro (Padova) - RTS-1: INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - National Institute for Nuclear Physic (1963–1980)^[31]
• Milan - L-54 (50 kW): CeSNEF Centro Studi Nucleari "Enrico Fermi" - Politecnico di Milano (1957–1979)^[32]
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-1 (zero-power reactor): University of Bologna (1962–1985)^[33]
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-2 (1 kW): University of Bologna (1964–1985)
• Montecuccolino (Bologna) - RB-3 - Aquilone 11 (1 kW): University of Bologna (1971–1989)
• Pavia – TRIGA LENA (TRIGA Mk.II model, 250 kW): University of Pavia (1965 - operational)^[34]
• Palermo - AGN-201 "Costanza" (zero-power reactor): University of Palermo (1960 – operational)^[35]
• Saluggia (Vercelli) - AVOGADRO RS-1 ("Swimming Pool" model): FIAT/Montecatini (1959–1971)^[36]
• San Piero a Grado (Pisa) – RTS-1 "Galileo Galilei" ("Swimming Pool" model, 5MW): CAMEN Centro Applicazioni Militari Energia Nucleare - Center for Military Applications of Nuclear Energy (1963–1980)^[37]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – ROSPO-2 (2 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1960–1975)^[38]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – TRIGA RC-1 (modified TRIGA Mk.II model, 1MW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1960–1987, reactivated 2010)^[39]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – RC-4 RITMO (0.01 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1965–1978)^[40]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – RANA (10 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1965–1981)^[41]
• Santa Maria di Galeria (Roma) – TAPIRO (modified Argonne Fast Source Reactor model, 5 kW): ENEA Ente Nazionale Energia Atomica - Casaccia Research Center (1971–1987, reactivated 2010)^[42]

Jamaica[]

• SLOWPOKE-2 reactor – Kingston, Jamaica

Japan[]

• Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Reactors
  • Tōkai JRR-1 (Japan Research Unit No. 1, shut down)
  • Tōkai JRR-2 (shut down)
  • Tōkai JRR-3
  • Tōkai JRR-4
  • Tōkai JPDR (Japan Power Demonstration Reactor, shut down)
  • Ōarai High-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR)
  • Ōarai JMTR (Japan Materials Testing Reactor)
  • Naka JT-60 fusion reactor
  • Nuclear Safety Research Reactor
  • Fugen (ATR (Advanced Thermal Reactor), shut down)
  • Jōyō (FBR)
  • Monju (FBR)
• Kinki University
  • UTR-KINKI
• Kyoto University
  • KUR
• Musashi Institute of Technology (Tokyo City University)
  • MITRR (TRIGA-II) (shut down 1990)
• Rikkyo University
  • RUR (TRIGA-II) (shut down)
• University of Tokyo
  • Yayoi (shut down)

Jordan[]

• Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) – Ar Ramtha
  • Jordan Research and Training Reactor (JRTR) – Jordan's first nuclear reactor, 5 MW research reactor, supplied by South Korea, first critical 2015, operational 2016.^[43]

Kazakhstan[]

• Alatau, Institute of Nuclear Physics of the National Nuclear Center
  • VVR-K – 10 MWe reactor
• Kurchatov, National Nuclear Center, Semipalatinsk Test Site
  • IVG-1M – 60 MW reactor
  • RA – zirconium hydride moderated reactor (dismantled)
  • IGR (Impulse Graphite Reactor) – 50 MW reactor

Latvia[]

• Salaspils, Nuclear Research Center
  • 5 MWe research reactor (shut down)

Libya[]

• Tajura Nuclear Research Center, REWDRC (see [1]) – 10 MW research reactor (supplied by the USSR)

Malaysia[]

• Kuala Lumpur - TRIGA Mark II, Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology Research (installed 1982)

Mexico[]

• Mexico City - TRIGA Mark III, National Institute for Nuclear Research
• Mexico City - National Polytechnic Institute - "Nuclear-Chicago Modelo 9000" subcritical research reactor^[44][45]
• Zacatecas - Autonomous University of Zacatecas - Subcritical research reactor^[44]

Morocco[]

• Rabat - TRIGA (under construction)

Netherlands[]

• Reactor Institute Delft, part of Delft University of Technology
• Petten nuclear reactor in Petten
• , part of Wageningen University, shut down in 1980
• , at the Eindhoven University of Technology, shut down
• , test reactor at KEMA, Arnhem, disassembled 2003

North Korea[]

• Yongbyon
  • IRT-2000 - 8 MW (2 MW 1965–1974, 4 MW 1974–1986) heavy-water moderated research reactor (supplied by USSR, 1965)
  • Yongbyon 1 - 5 MWe Magnox reactor, provides power and district heating (active 1987–1994, reactivated 2003, and shut-down in July 2007)

Norway[]

• Kjeller reactors
  • NORA (activated 1961, shut down 1967)
  • JEEP I (activated 1951, shut down 1967)
  • JEEP II (activated 1966, scheduled to temporarily shut down in December 2016, unknown what year it will reopen)^[46]
• Halden Reactor
  • HBWR - Halden boiling water reactor (activated 1959)

Pakistan[]

Under IAEA safeguards

Reactor	Type	MW	Location	Status
PARR I	Pool-type reactor	10	Islamabad	Operational since 1965
PARR II	Pool-type reactor	30 kW	Islamabad	Operational since 1974

Not under IAEA safeguards

Reactor	Type	MW	Location	Status
Khushab-I	HWR	Classified. Estimated: 50-70	Khushab	Operational since 1998
Khushab-II	HWR	Classified	Khushab	Operational since 2010
Khushab-III	HWR	Classified	Khushab	Under construction
Khushab-IV	HWR	Classified	Khushab	Under construction[47]

Panama[]

• USS Sturgis - floating nuclear power plant for Panama Canal (operating 1966 to 1976)

Peru[]

• - 1 W critical assembly, located in Lima, built by Argentine INVAP. First criticality in 1978.^[48]
• - 10 MW pool-type material test reactor, located in built by Argentine INVAP. First criticality in 1989.^[49]

Philippines[]

• PRR-1 - 3 MW TRIGA-converted reactor, Quezon City. Managed by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (formerly Philippine Atomic Energy Commission). 1st criticality in August 1963, reactor conversion in March 1984, criticality after conversion in April 1988, shut down since 1988 for pool repairs, on extended shutdown at present.

Poland[]

• Ewa reactor - 10 MW VVR-SM research reactor (dismantled in 1995)
• Maria reactor - 30 MW research reactor
• Anna reactor - 10 kW research reactor (dismantled)
• Agata reactor - 10 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
• Maryla reactor - 100 W zero-power research reactor (dismantled)
• UR-100 reactor - 100 kW training reactor (dismantled)

Portugal[]

• Sacavem - RPI, Portuguese Research Reactor - 1 MW pool type, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear

Puerto Rico[]

• Mayagüez - TRIGA reactor (dismantled)
• Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) Reactor Facility, BONUS - superheated BWR (decommissioned). Listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Romania[]

• , 110 km northwest of Bucharest - TRIGA reactor (capable consisting of either a 500 kW pulse ACPR core, or a 14 MW steady state core)
• , 170 km west of Bucharest - no research reactors, but instead devoted to heavy water production
• , Mǎgurele, 5 km southwest of Bucharest - a 2 MW VVR-S research reactor (shut down in April 2002, with decommissioning/dismantling started in 2013)

Russia[]

A total of 98 nuclear research facilities, including:^[50]

• T-15 fusion reactor at Kurchatov Institute
• VVR-M 18 MW reactor at St. Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics
• IBR-2 2 MW pulsed reactor at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
• SM, Arbus (ACT-1), MIR.M1, RBT-6, RBT-10 / 1, RBT-10 / 2, BOR-60 and VK-50 Research Institute of Atomic Reactors

Serbia[]

• Vinca Nuclear Institute, Vinča
  • RA - Reaktor A (1956–2002) - 6.5 MW heavy water moderated and cooled research reactor
  • RB - Reaktor B (1958-...) - At the very beginning the RB reactor was designed and constructed as an unreflected zero power heavy water - natural uranium critical assembly. First criticality was reached in April 1958. Later, the 2% enriched metal uranium fuel and 80% enriched UO₂ fuel were obtained and used in the reactor core. Modifications of the reactor control, safety and dosimetry systems (1960, 1976, 1988) converted the RB critical assembly to a flexible heavy water reflected experimental reactor with 1 W nominal power, operable up to 50 W. Several coupled fast-thermal systems were designed and constructed at RB reactor in the early 1990s, for research in fast reactors physics.

Slovenia[]

• Ljubljana - 250 kW^[51] TRIGA Mark II research reactor (web page link), Jožef Stefan Institute (supplied in 1966 by the United States)

Name	Unit No.	Reactor		Status	Capacity in MW		Construction start	Commercial operation	Closure
		Type	Model		Net	Gross
Jožef Stefan Institute	1	Pool-type reactor	General Atomics TRIGA Mark II	Operational		0.25		31 May 1966 14:15

South Africa[]

• Pelindaba - Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center near Pretoria 25°48′03″S 27°56′54″E / 25.80083°S 27.94833°E / -25.80083; 27.94833 (Pelindaba Nuclear Research Center)
  • SAFARI-1 20MW open pool reactor

South Korea[]

• Aerojet General Nucleonics Model 201 Research reactor
• , MAPLE class reactor
• TRIGA General Atomics Mark II (TRIGA-Mark II) Research Reactor (decommissioned)
• TRIGA General Atomics Mark III (TRIGA-Mark III) Research Reactor (decommissioned)

Spain[]

• 10 kW Argonaut reactor - Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona (shut down 1992)
• reactor

Sweden[]

Name	Location	Description	Power	Operational	Current status
R1	KTH, Stockholm	Research	1 MW	1954–1970	dismantled
R2	Studsvik	Research, production of isotopes for industry	50 MW	1960–2005	shut down
R2-0	Studsvik	Research, production of isotopes for industry	1 MW	1960–2005	shut down
Ågestaverket (R3)	Farsta, Stockholm	District heating	80 MW	1963–1973	shut down
R4	, Norrköping	Research, plutonium production	—	never completed	abandoned in 1970
FR-0	Studsvik	Research, zero-power fast reactor	low	1964–1971	dismantled

Switzerland[]

• - Pool reactor. First criticality: 30 April 1957. Shut down 1993. Paul Scherrer Institut
• DIORIT - HW cooled and moderated. First criticality: 15 April 1960. Shut down 1977. Paul Scherrer Institut
• - Null-power reconfigurable reactor (graphite moderator/reflector). Shut down 2012. Paul Scherrer Institut
• Lucens - Prototype power reactor (GCHWR) 30 MWh/6 MWe. Shut down in 1969 after accident. Site decommissioned.
• CROCUS - Null-power light water reactor. In operation. École polytechnique féd��rale de Lausanne

Syria[]

• Miniature neutron source reactor

Taiwan[]

• Hsinchu - TRIGA, National Tsing Hua University (installed 1958)^[52]

Thailand[]

• Thai Research Reactor 1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) Bangkok - TRIGA Mark III (installed 1962, modified 1975–77)
• TRIGA MPR 10, Ongkharak Nuclear Research Center (under construction)

Turkey[]

• TR-1 Research Reactor (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
• TR-2 Research Reactor (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)
• TRIGA MARK II Research Reactor (Istanbul Technical University) Institute of Energy

Fuel pilot plants[]

• TRD Fuel Pilot Plant (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority)

Ukraine[]

• Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research
• Sevastopol Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry

United Kingdom[]

• Aldermaston - - Atomic Weapons Establishment
• Ascot - , Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus. Began operation in 1965, shut down in 2012, fuel removed in 2014. Decommissioning ongoing since 2015.
• Billingham - TRIGA Mark I reactor, ICI Physics and Radioisotopes Dept of ICI R&D, Billingham (later to become Tracerco) (installed 1971, shut down 1988)
• Culham - JET fusion reactor
• Derby - - Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations Ltd, Raynesway
• Dounreay
  • The Shore Test Facility (STF) at VULCAN (Rolls-Royce Naval Marine)
  • DSMP1 at VULCAN (Rolls-Royce Naval Marine) (shut down 1984)
  • DMTR (shut down 1969)
  • Dounreay Fast Reactor - Fast breeder reactor (shut down 1977)
  • Prototype Fast Reactor (shut down 1994)
• East Kilbride - Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre (100 kW Argonaut class reactor deactivated 1995, fully dismantled 2003)
• Harwell AERE
  • GLEEP (shut down 1990)
  • (shut down 1968)
  • (shut down 1974)
  • DIDO (shut down 1990)
  • PLUTO (shut down 1990)
• London
  • Greenwich - JASON 10 kW Argonaut class reactor (dismantled 1999)
  • Stratford Marsh - Queen Mary College (commissioned 1966, deactivated 1982, (fully dismantled))
• Risley - Universities Research Reactor (shut down 1991 decommissioned-land released 1996)
• Sellafield (named Windscale until 1971)
  • PILE 1 (shut down 1957 after Windscale fire)
  • PILE 2 (shut down 1957)
  • WAGR (shut down 1982)
• Winfrith - Dorchester, Dorset, 9 reactors, shut down 1990
  • Dragon reactor

United States[]

Plutonium production reactors[]

Plutonium production reactors

Name	Location	Reactor type	Purpose	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start date	Operation date	Closure	Operator and owner
B-Reactor	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Preserved as a museum					Manhattan Project
[53]	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Shut Down and cocooned					Manhattan Project
[54]	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Shut Down and cocooned					Manhattan Project
[55]	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Shut Down and cocooned					United States Atomic Energy Commission
[54]	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Shut Down and cocooned					United States Atomic Energy Commission
[56]	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Shut Down and cocooned					United States Atomic Energy Commission
(K-East) [57]	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Shut Down and being cocooned					United States Atomic Energy Commission
(K-West)[57]	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Shut Down and being cocooned					United States Atomic Energy Commission
N-Reactor[58]	Hanford Site	Graphite Pile	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons and electricity for regional grid	Shut Down and cocooned					United States Atomic Energy Commission
	Savannah River Site	Heavy Water	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Surveillance and Maintenance mode					United States Atomic Energy Commission
	Savannah River Site	Heavy Water	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Surveillance and Maintenance mode					United States Atomic Energy Commission
	Savannah River Site	Heavy Water	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Surveillance and Maintenance mode					United States Atomic Energy Commission
	Savannah River Site	Heavy Water	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Surveillance and Maintenance mode					United States Atomic Energy Commission
	Savannah River Site	Heavy Water	Production of Plutonium-239 for weapons	Surveillance and Maintenance mode					United States Atomic Energy Commission

Army Nuclear Power Program[]

Army Nuclear Power Program Reactors

Name	Location	Reactor type	Purpose	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start date	Operation date	Closure	Operator and owner
SM-1	Fort Belvoir		Training and testing	Decommissioned					United States Army
	Fort Greely		Electricity and heat supply	Decommissioned					United States Army
PM-2A	Camp Century, Greenland		Electricity and steam supply	Decommissioned					United States Army
PM-1	Sundance Air Force Station		Electricity and steam supply	Decommissioned					United States Air Force
	McMurdo Station, Antarctica		Electricity, seawater desalinization, and heat supply	Decommissioned					United States Navy
MH-1A	Panama Canal Zone		Electricity and fresh water supply	Decommissioned					United States Army
SL-1	Idaho National Laboratory		Stationary power supply demonstration	Decommissioned. Destroyed by explosion January 3, 1961					United States Army
ML-1	Idaho National Laboratory		Mobile power supply demonstration	Decommissioned					United States Army

United States Naval reactors[]

Naval Nuclear Power Program Reactors

Name	Location	Reactor type	Purpose	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start date	Operation date	Closure	Operator and owner
S8G	Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory		Training	Yes					United States Navy
MARF/S7G	Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory		Training	Yes					United States Navy
D1G	Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory		Prototype	Decommissioned					United States Navy
S3G	Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory		Prototype	Decommissioned					United States Navy
ex-USS Daniel Webster (SSBN-626)	Joint Base Charleston		S5W reactor moored training ship (MTS-626)	Yes					United States Navy
ex-USS Sam Rayburn (SSBN-635)	Joint Base Charleston		S5W reactor moored training ship (MTS-635)	Yes					United States Navy
ex-USS La Jolla (SSN-701)	Joint Base Charleston		S6G reactor moored training ship (MTS-701)	Yes					United States Navy
S1C	Windsor, Connecticut		Training	Decommissioned					United States Navy

Research reactors[]

United States Federal Government Non-Plutonium Production Research Reactors[]

United States Federal Government Non-Plutonium Production Research Reactors

Name	Location	Reactor type	Purpose	Status	Capacity (kW)	Construction start date	Operation date	Closure	Operator and owner
Arkansas-Southwest Experimental Fast Oxide Reactor	Arkansas		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
SL-1	INL		Stationary power supply demonstration	Decommissioned; destroyed by explosion January 3, 1961					United States Army
AFSR[59]	location		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
ARMF-I	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
ARMF-II	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
Advanced Test Reactor (ATR)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
Advanced Test Reactor Critical (ATRC)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
A1W-A	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
A1W-B	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
BORAX-I	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned; intentionally exploded[60]
BORAX-II	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[61]
BORAX-III	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[62]
BORAX-IV	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[63]
BORAX-V	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[64]
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
CP-1 (moved and renamed CP-2)	University of Chicago		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[65][66]
CP-3	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[67]
CP-5	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[68]				1979
CRCE	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
Experimental Breeder Reactor I (originally CP-4)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Museum[69]
Experimental Breeder Reactor II	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[70]
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned [71]
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
EBOR	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Never operated
ECOR	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Never operated
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
Integral Fast Reactor (IFR)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Never operated[72][73]
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[74]				1992
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[75]
Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
LOFT	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
ML-1	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned					United States Army
MTR[76]	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[77]
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
SPERT-I	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
S1W/STR	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned [78]
S5G	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned [79]
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
Zero Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR)(formerly Zero Power Plutonium Reactor)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned [80][81]
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned[82]
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned [83]				1982
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned [84]				1981
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
710	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
High Flux Beam Reactor	BNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned				1999
Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor	BNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned				2000
Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor	BNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned				1968
Fast Flux Test Facility	Hanford Site		Research, development, and experiments	Core Drilled
Advanced Test Reactor Critical (ATRC)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
Advanced Test Reactor (ATR)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT)	INL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes
UHTREX	LANL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
Omega West	LANL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
Clementine	LANL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
BREN Tower	Nevada Test Site		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
	Nevada Test Site		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			2012	2012
X-10 Graphite Reactor	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1943	1963
(HRE)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1952	1954
(HRT)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1957	1961
Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1954	1955
Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1965	1969
(HPRR)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1963	1987
(LITR)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1950	1968
(BSR)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1950	1987
	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1955	1955
-I (TSR-I)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1954	1958
-II (TSR-II)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1958	1982
(ORR)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1958	1987
High Flux Isotope Reactor	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Yes			1965
	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned			1958	1987
Experimental Gas Cooled Reactor (EGCR)	ORNL		Research, development, and experiments	Constructed but never operated; project cancelled in 1966
HWCTR - Heavy Water Components Test Reactor	SRS		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned
Sodium Reactor Experiment	Santa Susana Field Laboratory		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned				1964
SNAP-10A	Santa Susana Field Laboratory		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned; in low Earth orbit
	Sandia National Laboratories		Research, development, and experiments	Yes [85]
TRIGA Mark F	Bethesda, Maryland	Pool	Research, development, and experiments	Yes	1000		1962		Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
NIST reactor	Gaithersburg, Maryland	Tank Type, Heavy Water Moderated	Research, development, and experiments	Yes	20000		1967		National Institute of Standards and Technology
TRIGA Mark I	Denver, Colorado	Pool	Research, development, and experiments	Yes	1000		1969		U.S. Geological Survey
TRIGA Mark I	Omaha, Nebraska	Pool	Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned; possession-only license			1959	2001	U.S. Veterans Administration
NASA reactors (2 reactors at site)	Sandusky, Ohio		Research, development, and experiments	Decommissioned; under decommission orders or license amendments					National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NS Savannah	James River Reserve Fleet, Virginia		Marine propulsion demonstration and goodwill visits	Decommissioned; possession-only license					Atomic Energy Commission, Maritime Administration (MARAD), and Department of Commerce

Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors licensed to operate[]

Operator	Location	Reactor	Power	Operational
	San Ramon, California	TRIGA Mark I	250 kW	1965 -
Brigham Young University	Provo, Utah	Atomics International L77	10 W	1967-1992[86]
Colorado State University	Fort Collins, CO	#109	100 mW	1957[87] - 1976[88]
Dow Chemical Company	Midland, Michigan	TRIGA Mark I	300 kW	1967 -
General Electric Company	Sunol, California	Nuclear Test	100 kW	1957 -
Idaho State University	Pocatello, Idaho	#103	5 W	1967 -
Iowa State University	Ames, Iowa	experimental, instructional	3 kW	1959-1998[89]
Kansas State University	Manhattan, Kansas	TRIGA Mark II	1250 kW	1962 -
Kodak	Rochester, New York	Californium Neutron Flux Multiplier	5.8 W	1975 - 2006
Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Cambridge, Massachusetts	Tank Type HWR Reflected (MITR-II)	6.0 MW	1958 -
Missouri University of Science and Technology	Rolla, Missouri	Pool (MSTR)	200 kW	1961 -
North Carolina State University	Raleigh, North Carolina	Pulstar	1 MW	1973 -
Ohio State University	Columbus, Ohio	Pool (modified Lockheed) [2]	500 kW	1961 -
Oregon State University	Corvallis, Oregon	TRIGA Mark II (OSTR)	1.1 MW	1967 -
Penn State University	University Park, Pennsylvania	TRIGA BNR Reactor	1.1 MW	1955 -
Purdue University	West Lafayette, Indiana	Lockheed (PUR-1)	1 kW	1962 -
Reed College	Portland, Oregon	TRIGA Mark I (RRR)	250 kW	1968 -
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	Schenectady, New York	Reactor Critical Facility[90][91]	15 W	1965-
/University of Rhode Island	Narragansett, Rhode Island	GE Pool	2 MW	1964 -
Texas A&M University	College Station, TX	#106 - TRIGA Mark I (two reactors)	5 W, 1 MW	1957 - , 1962 -
University of Arizona	Tucson, AZ	TRIGA Mark I	110 kW	1958–2010
University of California-Davis	Sacramento, California	TRIGA Mark II,	2.3 MW	13 August 1998 -
University of California, Irvine	Irvine, California	TRIGA Mark I	250 kW	1969 -
University of Florida	Gainesville, Florida	Argonaut (UFTR)	100 kW	1959 -
University of Maryland, College Park	College Park, Maryland	TRIGA Mark I	250 kW	1960 -
University of Massachusetts Lowell	Lowell, Massachusetts	Pool (UMLRR)	1 MW	1975 -
University of Missouri	Columbia, Missouri	General Electric tank type UMRR	10.0 MW	1966 -
University of New Mexico	Albuquerque, New Mexico	#112	5 W	1966 -
University of Texas at Austin	Austin, Texas	TRIGA Mark II	1.1 MW	1992 -
University of Utah	Salt Lake City, Utah	TRIGA Mark I	100 kW	1975 -
University of Wisconsin–Madison	Madison, Wisconsin	TRIGA Mark I	1 MW	1961 -
Washington State University	Pullman, Washington	TRIGA Conversion (WSUR)	1 MW	7 March 1961 -

Civilian (private and university) research and test reactors formerly licensed to operate[]

Research and test reactors Under decommission order(s) or license amendment(s) are authorized to decontaminate and dismantle their facility to prepare for final survey and license termination. Research and test reactors with possession-only licenses are not authorized to operate the reactor, only to possess the nuclear material on-hand. They are permanently shut down.

Operator	Location	Reactor	Power	Status
General Atomics (2 reactors at site)	San Diego, California			Under decommission order(s) or license amendment(s)
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign	Urbana, Illinois			Under decommission order(s) or license amendment(s)
University of Michigan	Ann Arbor, Michigan			Under decommission order(s) or license amendment(s)
General Electric Company (3 reactors at site; two research and test reactors and one power reactor)	Sunol, California			Possession-only license(s)
University at Buffalo	Buffalo, New York			Retired in 1994. Possession-only license(s)
Worcester Polytechnic Institute	Worcester, Massachusetts			Possession-only license(s)
Westinghouse	Waltz Mill Site; Madison, PA	TR-2; also known as the Westinghouse Test Reactor or Westinghouse Testing Reactor (WTR)		Decommissioned

See also[]

• Integrated Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System
• List of commercial nuclear reactors
• List of nuclear power stations
• List of small modular reactor designs
• Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
• Nuclear power by country

External links[]

• DoE list
• ICJT list—includes the defunct

Uruguay[]

• URR reactor - A small pool-type research reactor placed in Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares (CIN). In operation since the early 1970s up until 1997 when it was dismantled and returned to United States^[92][93] due to a 1997 law against use of nuclear energy in Uruguay.^[94]

Uzbekistan[]

• , Tashkent- WWR-SM tank reactor^[95]

Venezuela[]

• RV-1 nuclear reactor - 3MW pool-type reactor at Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC) (criticality in 1960, shut down in 1994)

Vietnam[]

• Da Lat - TRIGA Mark II (supplied by USA 1963, shut down 1975, reactivated by USSR 1984)

Notes and references[]