List of potentially habitable exoplanets

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This is a list of potentially habitable exoplanets. The list is mostly based on estimates of habitability by the Habitable Exoplanets Catalog (HEC), and data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The HEC is maintained by the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo.[1] There is also a speculative list being developed of Superhabitable planet.

Surface planetary habitability is thought to require orbiting at the right distance from the host star for liquid surface water to be present, in addition to various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, atmospheric density, radiation type and intensity, and the host star's plasma environment.[2]

List[]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by with reliable sources.

This is a list of exoplanets within the circumstellar habitable zone that are under 10 Earth masses and smaller than 2.5 Earth radii.[3][1] Earth is included for comparison.

Object Star Star type Mass (M⊕) Radius (R⊕) Density (g/cm3) Flux (F⊕) Teq (K) Period (days) Distance (ly) Refs/Notes
Earth Sun (Sol) G2V 1.00 1.00 5.514 1.00 255 365.25 0 [3]
Teegarden's Star b Teegarden's Star M7V ≥1.05 1.02 1.15 264 4.91 12.58 [4]Radius is estimated[5]
TOI 700 d TOI 700 M2V 1.72 1.14 5.631 0.87 246 37.4 101
K2-72e K2-72 M?V ~2.21 1.29 5.675 1.11 261 24.2 217 [6]
TRAPPIST-1d TRAPPIST-1 M8V 0.30 0.78 3.39 1.04 258 4.05 39 Confirmed to be rocky[7][8]
Kepler-1649c Kepler-1649 M5V — 1.06 5.54 0.75 237 19.5 301 [9]
Proxima Centauri b Proxima Centauri M5V ≥1.27 ≥1.30 4.016 0.70 228 11.186 4.25 Affected by solar flare, possibly affected by high radiation[10]
Gliese 1061 d Gliese 1061 M5V 1.64 — 0.69 218 13.0 12
Gliese 1061 c Gliese 1061 M5V ≥1.74 — 1.45 275 6.7 12
Ross 128 b Ross 128 M4V ≥1.40 ≥1.80 2.424 1.48 280 9.87 11.03 [11]
Luyten b Luyten's Star M3V ≥2.89 — 6.45 1.06 258 18.65 12.36 [12]
TRAPPIST-1e TRAPPIST-1 M8V 0.77 0.91 5.65 0.67 230 6.1 39 Confirmed to be rocky[7][8]
Kepler-442b Kepler-442 K?V — 1.35 5.272 0.70 233 112.3 1193 [1]
Wolf 1061c Wolf 1061 M3V ≥3.41 — 5.79 1.30 271 17.9 13.8 [1]
Gliese 667 Cc Gliese 667 C M1V ≥3.81 — 5.603 0.88 247 28.1 23.62 [13][1]
Kepler-1229b Kepler-1229 M?V — 1.40 5.426 0.49 213 86.8 865 [1]
TRAPPIST-1f TRAPPIST-1 M8V 0.93 1.05 3.3±0.9 0.38 200 9.2 39 Confirmed to be rocky[7][8]
Kepler-62f Kepler-62 K2V — 1.41 5.509 0.41 204 267.3 981 [1][14]
Teegarden's Star c Teegarden's Star M7V ≥1.11 — 0.37 199 11.4 12.58 [4]
Kepler-186f Kepler-186 M1V — 1.17 0.29 188 129.9 579 [1]
Tau Ceti f Tau Ceti G8V ≥3.93 — 3.655 0.32 190 636.1 12 [1]
TRAPPIST-1g TRAPPIST-1 M8V 1.15 1.15 4.186 0.26 182 12.4 39 Confirmed to be rocky[7][8]
Kapteyn b Kapteyn's Star M1VI ≥4.8 — 6.44 0.43 205 48.6 13 Not confirmed, controversial[15]
Kepler-452b Kepler-452 G2V 5 1.63 1.11 261 384.8 1799 [1][16][17]
Kepler-62e Kepler-62 K2V — 1.61 1.15 264 122.4 981 [1][18]
Kepler-1652b Kepler-1652 M?V — 1.60 0.84 244 38.1 822
Kepler-1544 b K2V — 1.78 0.90 248 168.8 1092 [1]
Kepler-296e Kepler-296 K7V — 1.52 1.50 276 34.1 737 [1][19]
Kepler-283c K5V — 1.82 0.90 248 92.7 1526 [1]
K2-296b M?V — 1.87 1.15 264 28.2 519
Kepler-1410b K?V — 1.78 1.34 274 60.9 1196
Kepler-1638b Kepler-1638 G4V — 1.87 1.39 276 259.3 4973 [20]
Kepler-296f Kepler-296 K7V — 1.80 0.66 225 63.3 737 [1][21]
Kepler-440b K6V — 1.91 1.44 273 101.1 981 [1]
Kepler-705b Kepler-705 M?V — 2.11 2.994 0.83 243 56.1 903
K?V — 2.17 1.04 258 140.3 2461
Gliese 832 c Gliese 832 M2V ≥5.40 — 0.99 253 35.7 16 [1]
Kepler-1606b G?V — 2.07 1.41 277 196.4 2710 [22]
K0V — 2.25 1.20 267 198.7 2800 [1]
Kepler-61b Kepler-61 K7V — 2.15 3.6 1.39 273 59.9 1092 [1][23]
Kepler-443b K3V — 2.35 2.9 0.89 247 177.7 2615 [1]
Kepler-1701b K?V — 2.22 1.37 275 169.1 1904 [1][24]
Kepler-22b Kepler-22 G5V — 2.38 1.10 261 289.9 635 [1][25]
LHS 1140 b LHS 1140 M4V 6.98 1.73 7.82+0.98
−0.88		 0.50 214 24.7 49 Confirmed to be rocky[26][27]
K?V — 2.47 1.10 261 184.8 2507
K2-9b M2V — 2.25 1.45 279 18.4 270 [1][28]
Kepler-1540b K?V — 2.49 0.92 250 125.4 799
Gliese 180 c Gliese 180 M2V ≥6.40 — 0.78 239 24.3 39 Not confirmed[1][29]
Kepler-1632b F?V — 2.47 1.27 270 448.3 2337
Kepler-298d K5V — 2.50 1.29 271 77.5 1689 [1]
Gliese 163 c Gliese 163 M3V ≥6.80 — 1.41 277 25.6 49 [1]
HD 40307 g HD 40307 K2V ≥7.09 — 2.86 0.67 226 197.8 42 Not confirmed[1][30]
K2-288Bb B M3V — 1.91 0.44 207 31.4 214
Gliese 3293 M2V ≥7.60 — 0.59 223 48.1 66 [1]
Gliese 229 Ac Gliese 229 A M1V ≥7.27 — 0.53 216 122.0 18.8
Kepler-174d Kepler-174 K3V — 2.19 0.43 206 247.4 1254 [1]
Gliese 357 d Gliese 357 M2V ≥6.10 — 2.617 0.38 200 55.7 31
Gliese 625 b Gliese 625 M2V 2.82±0.51 14.628 21.3 [31]
Kepler-26e Kepler-26 K 2.1 46.8 1104 [32][33]
Kepler-737b M 4.5 1.96 28.5992 669 Multiple HZ solutions
Luyten 98-59 f* Luyten 98-59 M3V 2.46 >1 ~280 23.15 34.648 Unconfirmed[34]


Previous candidates[]

Some exoplanet candidates detected by radial velocity that were originally thought to be potentially habitable were later found to most likely be artifacts of stellar activity. These include Gliese 581 d & g,[35] Gliese 667 Ce & f,[13] and Gliese 682 b & c.[29]

HD 85512 b was initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[36][37] but updated models for the boundaries of the habitable zone placed the planet interior to the HZ,[38][39] and it is now considered non-habitable.[1] Kepler-69c has gone through a similar process; though initially estimated to be potentially habitable,[40] it was quickly realized that the planet is more likely to be similar to Venus,[41] and is thus no longer considered habitable.[1]

Similarly, Tau Ceti e and f were initially both considered potentially habitable,[42] but with improved models of the circumstellar habitable zone, PHL currently only considers planet f potentially habitable.[1] Kepler-438b was also initially considered potentially habitable, with highest ESI of 0.88; however, it was later found to be a subject of powerful flares that can strip a planet of its atmosphere, so it is now considered non-habitable.[1] Gliese 180 b appears to be another example of a planet once considered potentially habitable but later found to be interior to the habitable zone.[1]

K2-3d and K2-18b were originally considered potentially habitable, and remain listed in the HEC,[1] but recent studies have shown them to be gaseous sub-Neptunes and thus unlikely to be habitable.[43][44][45][46][47][48]

KOI-1686.01 was also considered a potentially habitable exoplanet after its detection in 2011, until proven a false positive by NASA in 2015.[49] Several other KOIs, like and Kepler-1649b, were considered potentially habitable prior to confirmation, but with new data are no longer considered habitable.

See also[]

Notes[]

References[]

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