List of power stations in Hawaii

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sources of Hawaii's utility-scale electricity generation:
full-year 2020 [1]

  Coal (12.8%)
  Petroleum (67.7%)
  Hydroelectric (1.1%)
  Wind (6.5%)
  Biomass (2.8%)
  Solar (5.3%)
  Geothermal (0.1%)
  Non-Biogenic Waste (3.5%)

This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Hawaii, sorted by type and name. In 2019, Hawaii had a total summer capacity of 2,962 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 9,750 GWh.[2] The corresponding utility-scale electrical energy generation mix was 72.2% petroleum-derived fuels, 13.4% coal, 5.4% wind, 3.0% biomass, 2.7% solar, 2.3% non-biogenic waste, and 1.0% hydroelectric.[1] Hawaii's one geothermal plant, which previously supplied about 2% of the state's and 10% of the Big Island's electricity, was offline during 2019 to repair damage from the 2018 lower Puna eruption.[3]

Small-scale distributed solar including customer-owned photovoltaic panels delivered an additional 1,112 GWh to the six separate electrical grids serving Hawaii's major islands in 2019.[1] This was more than four times greater than the amount generated by the state's utility-scale photovoltaic plants, and enabled solar energy to account for three-fifths of Hawaii's overall electricity generation by renewables. The state's renewable portfolio standard is the most ambitious in the U.S. at 30% of capacity by 2020, ramping to 100% by 2045. The large dependence on imported petroleum liquids contributes to Hawaii having the highest average retail electricity prices of any U.S. state.[3]

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 
Download coordinates as: KML

Fossil-fuel power stations[]

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.[4]

Coal[]

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Technology Year
Opened		 Scheduled
Retirement		 Refs
AES Hawaii Power Plant Honolulu County
(near Kalaeloa)		 21°18′12″N 158°06′22″W / 21.30333°N 158.10611°W / 21.30333; -158.10611 (AES Hawaii) 203 Steam Turbine[A] 1992 2022-09 [5]

A AES primarily burns sub-bituminous and/or bituminous coal which may be supplemented with minor quantities of refuse-derived sources, such as old tires and used motor oil.[6][7][8]

Petroleum[]

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Technology Year
Opened		 Refs
Campbell Industrial Park Honolulu County 21°18′09″N 158°06′06″W / 21.3025°N 158.1017°W / 21.3025; -158.1017 (Campbell Industrial Park) 113 Simple Cycle[A] 2009
Gay Robinson Kauai County 21°55′04″N 159°37′46″W / 21.9178°N 159.6294°W / 21.9178; -159.6294 (Gay Robinson) 1.0 Reciprocating Engine (x2) 2010
Hamakua Energy Plant Hawaii County 20°05′38″N 155°28′16″W / 20.0939°N 155.4711°W / 20.0939; -155.4711 (Hamakua) 66 2x1 Combined Cycle 2000
Hana Substation Maui County 20°45′57″N 155°59′46″W / 20.7658°N 155.9961°W / 20.7658; -155.9961 (Hana) 2.0 Reciprocating Engine (x2) 2001
Hawaii Cogen Honolulu County 21°18′42″N 158°06′50″W / 21.3117°N 158.1139°W / 21.3117; -158.1139 (Hawaii Cogen) 12.2 Simple Cycle (x4) 1990/2011
Kahe Honolulu County 21°21′23″N 158°07′44″W / 21.3564°N 158.1289°W / 21.3564; -158.1289 (Kahe) 609.7 Steam Turbine (x6) 1963-1981
Kahului Maui County 20°53′49″N 156°27′46″W / ���20.8969°N 156.4627°W / 20.8969; -156.4627 (Kahului) 34 Steam Turbine (x4) 1954-1966
Kalaeloa Cogen Plant Honolulu County 21°18′08″N 158°05′47″W / 21.3021°N 158.0963°W / 21.3021; -158.0963 (Kalaeloa) 299.4 2x1 Combined Cycle 1989/1991
Kanoelehua Hawaii County 19°42′19″N 155°03′45″W / 19.7052°N 155.0625°W / 19.7052; -155.0625 (Kanoelehua) 21 Simple Cycle,
Reciprocating Engine		 1962,
1972
Kapaia Power Station
(KIUC)		 Kauai County 21°59′47″N 159°22′33″W / 21.9965°N 159.3758°W / 21.9965; -159.3758 (Kapaia Station) 39.1 Simple Cycle[B] 2002 [9][10]
Keahole Hawaii County 19°43′54″N 156°01′42″W / 19.7317°N 156.0283°W / 19.7317; -156.0283 (Keahole) 89.1 Reciprocating Engine (x3),
Simple Cycle,
2x1 Combined Cycle		 1984/1988,
1989,
2004/2009
Maalaea Maui County 20°48′04″N 156°29′35″W / 20.8012°N 156.4930°W / 20.8012; -156.4930 (Maalaea) 229.8 Reciprocating Engine (x15),
2x1 Combined Cycle (x2)		 1971-1989,
1993/2006
Miki Basin Maui County 20°47′24″N 156°56′03″W / 20.7900°N 156.9342°W / 20.7900; -156.9342 (Miki Basin) 10.2 Reciprocating Engine (x8) 1990/1996
Palaau Power Hybrid Maui County 21°06′22″N 157°03′53″W / 21.1060°N 157.0647°W / 21.1060; -157.0647 (Palaau) 14 Reciprocating Engine (x9),
Simple Cycle		 1985-1996,
Port Allen Kauai County 21°53′59″N 159°35′06″W / 21.8996°N 159.5850°W / 21.8996; -159.5850 (Port Allen) 99.5 Reciprocating Engine (x9),
Steam Turbine,
Simple Cycle (x2)		 1964-1991,
1969,
1973/1977		 [11]
Puna Hawaii County 19°37′54″N 155°01′53″W / 19.6316°N 155.0313°W / 19.6316; -155.0313 (Puna) 39.1 Steam Turbine,
Simple Cycle		 1988,
1992
Tesoro Hawaii Honolulu County 21°18′12″N 158°05′29″W / 21.3033°N 158.0914°W / 21.3033; -158.0914 (Tesoro) 20 Simple Cycle 1982
Waiau Honolulu County 21°23′20″N 157°57′41″W / 21.3890°N 157.9615°W / 21.3890; -157.9615 (Waiau) 474.6 Steam Turbine (x6),
Simple Cycle (x2)		 1947-1968,
1973
Waimea Hawaii County 20°01′31″N 155°41′44″W / 20.0252°N 155.6955°W / 20.0252; -155.6955 (Waimea) 7.5 Reciprocating Engine (x3) 1970/1972
W H Hill Hawaii County 19°42′15″N 155°03′39″W / 19.7041°N 155.0607°W / 19.7041; -155.0607 (W H Hill) 37.1 Reciprocating Engine (x3) 1965/1974

A Campbell burned biomass liquids exclusively from 2011 to 2017 and shifted to primarily burn distillate fuel oil by 2019.[12]
B Kapaia station's GE LM2500 gas turbine primarily burned jet fuel from its commissioning until 2008 and has since shifted to burn a mixture of other petroleum distillates.[13]

Natural gas[]

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants primarily fueled by fossil gas in 2019.

Renewable power stations[]

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.[4]

Biomass and municipal waste[]

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Primary Fuel Technology Year
Opened		 Refs
Biomass to Energy Facility, Kauai Kauai County 21°57′55″N 159°27′38″W / 21.9653°N 159.4606°W / 21.9653; -159.4606 (Kauai Biomass) 6.7 biofuel,
wood		 Reciprocating Engine (x2),
Steam Turbine		 2014,
2016		 [14]
H Power Honolulu County 21°18′00″N 158°05′55″W / 21.3000°N 158.0986°W / 21.3000; -158.0986 (H Power) 97.3 Municipal Solid Waste
(biogenic and non-biogenic)		 Steam Turbine (x2) 1989/2013 [15]
HNL Emergency Power Facility
Daniel K. Inouye International Airport		 Honolulu County 21°20′11″N 157°55′10″W / 21.3364°N 157.9194°W / 21.3364; -157.9194 (HNL EP Facility) 10 biofuel Reciprocating Engine (x4) 2017 [16]
Schofield Generating Station Honolulu County 21°28′43″N 158°03′29″W / 21.4785°N 158.0581°W / 21.4785; -158.0581 (Schofield) 50.4 biofuel Reciprocating Engine (x6) 2018 [17]

Geothermal[]

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Technology Year
Opened		 Refs
Puna Geothermal Venture I Hawaii County 19°28′44″N 154°53′18″W / 19.4790°N 154.8884°W / 19.4790; -154.8884 (Puna Geothermal) 46 Flash Steam Cycle (x10),
Binary Cycle (x2)		 1992,
2012

A The plant was shut down shortly after the start of the May 2018 lower Puna eruption.[18][19]

Hydroelectric[]

Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Number of
Turbines		 Year
Opened		 Refs
Gay Robinson Kauai County 21°55′04″N 159°37′46″W / 21.9178°N 159.6294°W / 21.9178; -159.6294 (Gay Robinson Hydro) 8.7 2 1982/2019
Kaheka Hydro Maui County 20°53′19″N 156°21′25″W / 20.8886°N 156.3569°W / 20.8886; -156.3569 (Kaheka Hydro) 4.5 3 1925
Kalaheo Hydro Kauai County 21°56′10″N 159°31′44″W / 21.9361°N 159.5289°W / 21.9361; -159.5289 (Kalaheo Hydro) 2.0 1 2016
Paia Hydroelectric Plant Maui County 20°53′12″N 156°20′16″W / 20.8867°N 156.3378°W / 20.8867; -156.3378 (Paia Hydro) 1.3 1 1912
Puueo Hawaii County 19°43′35″N 155°05′27″W / 19.7265°N 155.0908°W / 19.7265; -155.0908 (Puueo Hydro) 3.1 2 1918/2005 [20]
Waiau Hydro Hawaii County 19°43′13″N 155°07′08″W / 19.7203°N 155.1189°W / 19.7203; -155.1189 (Waiau Hydro) 1.0 2 1921/1928 [20]
Wailuku River Hydroelectric Hawaii County 19°42′47″N 155°08′55″W / 19.7130°N 155.1486°W / 19.7130; -155.1486 (Wailuku River Hydro) 10.4 2 1993 [20]
Wainiha Hydro Kauai County 22°11′47″N 159°33′22″W / 22.1963°N 159.5561°W / 22.1963; -159.5561 (Wainiha) 3.6 2 1906/2010

Solar photovoltaic[]

See also: Solar power in Hawaii
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MWAC)		 Year
Opened		 Refs
Aloha Solar Energy Fund 1 PK1 Honolulu County 21°24′25″N 158°09′05″W / 21.4069°N 158.1514°W / 21.4069; -158.1514 (Aloha Solar) 5.0 2017
EE Waianae Solar Project Honolulu County 21°27′07″N 158°11′16″W / 21.4520°N 158.1879°W / 21.4520; -158.1879 (EE Waianae Solar) 27.6 2017
Kalaeloa Renewable Energy Park Honolulu County 21°19′41″N 158°02′24″W / 21.3281°N 158.0400°W / 21.3281; -158.0400 (Kalaeloa RE Park) 5.0 2014
Kalaeloa Solar Two Honolulu County 21°19′12″N 158°05′13″W / 21.3200°N 158.0869°W / 21.3200; -158.0869 (Kalaeloa Solar Two) 5.0 2012
Kapaa Photovoltaic Project Kauai County 22°04′49″N 159°19′54″W / 22.0804°N 159.3316°W / 22.0804; -159.3316 (Kapaa PV) 1.0 2010
Kapolei Solar Energy Park Honolulu County 21°19′16″N 158°07′03″W / 21.3211°N 158.1175°W / 21.3211; -158.1175 (Kapolei Solar) 1.0 2012
Kawailoa Solar Honolulu County 21°37′26″N 158°03′18″W / 21.6240°N 158.0550°W / 21.6240; -158.0550 (Kawailoa Solar) 49 2019
Kekaha Solar Kauai County 22°00′02″N 159°45′44″W / 22.0006°N 159.7621°W / 22.0006; -159.7621 (Kekaha Solar) 14 2019
Kihei Solar Farm Maui County 20°47′37″N 156°26′02″W / 20.7937°N 156.4339°W / 20.7937; -156.4339 (Kihei Solar) 2.9 2018
KIUC Kapaia PV Kauai County 21°59′50″N 159°22′45″W / 21.9973°N 159.3792°W / 21.9973; -159.3792 (KIUC Kapaia PV) 13 2017 [21]
KRS I Anahola Solar Hybrid Kauai County 22°07′54″N 159°18′11″W / 22.1317°N 159.3031°W / 22.1317; -159.3031 (KRS I Anahola Solar) 12 2015 [22]
KRS II Koloa Solar Kauai County 21°54′03″N 159°27′00″W / 21.9008°N 159.4500°W / 21.9008; -159.4500 (KRS II Koloa Solar) 12 2014
Ku'ia Solar Maui County 20°53′10″N 156°39′28″W / 20.8860°N 156.6579°W / 20.8860; -156.6579 (Ku'ia Solar) 2.9 2018
Lanai Solar-Electric Plant Maui County 20°46′00″N 156°55′24″W / 20.7667°N 156.9233°W / 20.7667; -156.9233 (Lanai Solar) 1.2 2008
Lanikuhana Solar LLC Honolulu County 21°25′43″N 158°01′25″W / 21.4287°N 158.0236°W / 21.4287; -158.0236 (Lanikuhana Solar) 14.7 2019
Lawai Solar Hybrid Kauai County 21°54′30″N 159°29′31″W / 21.9082°N 159.4920°W / 21.9082; -159.4920 (Lawai Solar) 20 2018 [23]
Pearl City Peninsula Solar Park Honolulu County 21°22′32″N 157°58′05″W / 21.3756°N 157.9681°W / 21.3756; -157.9681 (Pearl City Peninsula Solar) 1.0 2012
Port Allen Solar Kauai County 21°54′07″N 159°34′54″W / 21.9019°N 159.5817°W / 21.9019; -159.5817 (Port Allen Solar) 6.0 2012
Waihonu North Solar Honolulu County 21°28′14″N 158°00′48″W / 21.4706°N 158.0133°W / 21.4706; -158.0133 (Waihonu North Solar) 5.0 2016
Waihonu South Solar Honolulu County 21°28′08″N 158°00′59″W / 21.4689°N 158.0164°W / 21.4689; -158.0164 (Wihonu South Solar) 1.5 2016
Waipio Solar Honolulu County 21°27′22″N 157°58′55″W / 21.4560°N 157.9820°W / 21.4560; -157.9820 (Waipio Solar) 49.9 2019
West Loch Solar One Honolulu County 21°20′25″N 158°00′54″W / 21.3403°N 158.0151°W / 21.3403; -158.0151 (West Loch Solar One) 20 2019

Wind[]

See also: Wind power in Hawaii
Name Location Coordinates Capacity
(MW)		 Number of
Turbines		 Year
Opened		 Refs
Auwahi Wind Energy Hybrid Maui County 20°35′46″N 156°19′05″W / 20.5960°N 156.3180°W / 20.5960; -156.3180 (Auwahi Wind) 24 8 2012
Hawi Wind Farm Hawaii County 20°15′26″N 155°51′01″W / 20.2573°N 155.8504°W / 20.2573; -155.8504 (Hawi Wind) 10.6 16 2006
Kaheawa Pastures Wind Farm Maui County 20°48′51″N 156°33′04″W / 20.8142°N 156.5510°W / 20.8142; -156.5510 (Kaheawa Pastures Wind) 30 20 2006
Kaheawa Wind Power II Maui County 20°47′41″N 156°32′10″W / 20.7947°N 156.5360°W / 20.7947; -156.5360 (Kaheawa Wind) 21 14 2012
Kahuku Wind Power Honolulu County 21°40′52″N 157°58′30″W / 21.6810°N 157.9750°W / 21.6810; -157.9750 (Kahuku Wind) 30 12 2011
Kawailoa Wind Honolulu County 21°36′37″N 158°02′27″W / 21.6103°N 158.0408°W / 21.6103; -158.0408 (Kawailoa Wind) 69 30 2012
Pakini Nui Wind Farm Hawaii County 18°58′27″N 155°41′29″W / 18.9742°N 155.6914°W / 18.9742; -155.6914 (Pakini Nui Wind) 21 14 2007

Nuclear power stations[]

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants fueled by fissile material in 2019

Battery storage facilities[]

Name Location Coordinates Discharge
Capacity
(MW)		 Storage
Capacity[A]
(MWh)		 Year
Opened		 Refs
Anahola Solar Hybrid Kauai County 22°07′54″N 159°18′11″W / 22.1317°N 159.3031°W / 22.1317; -159.3031 (Anahola Solar BESS) 6 4.6 2015 [22]
Auwahi Wind Storage
(A123 BESS)		 Maui County 20°35′46″N 156°19′05″W / 20.5960°N 156.3180°W / 20.5960; -156.3180 (Auwahi Wind BESS) 11 4.4 2012 [24]
Campbell Industrial Park BESS Honolulu County
(Kapolei)		 21°18′23″N 158°06′18″W / 21.3064°N 158.1050°W / 21.3064; -158.1050 (Campbell BESS) 1.0 0.25 2016 [25]
Hawi Wind BESS Hawaii County 20°15′26″N 155°51′01″W / 20.2573°N 155.8504°W / 20.2573; -155.8504 (Hawi Wind BESS) 1.0 0.25 2012
Kaheawa Wind II Storage Maui County 20°47′41″N 156°32′10″W / 20.7947°N 156.5360°W / 20.7947; -156.5360 (Kaheawa Wind BESS) 10 20 2012
KIUC Kapaia PV Storage
(Tesla BESS)		 Kauai County 21°59′50″N 159°22′45″W / 21.9973°N 159.3792°W / 21.9973; -159.3792 (Kapaia PV Storage) 13 52 2017 [21]
Lawai Solar Storage
(AES Lawai Solar Hybrid)		 Kauai County 21°54′30″N 159°29′31″W / 21.9082°N 159.4920°W / 21.9082; -159.4920 (Lawai Solar Storage) 20 100 2018 [23]
Palaau Power Hybrid
(Molokaii BESS)		 Maui County 21°06′22″N 157°03′53″W / 21.1060°N 157.0647°W / 21.1060; -157.0647 (Palaau Storage) 2.0 0.375 2017 [26]

A Battery storage power stations stabilize an electrical grid against fluctuations in solar and wind generation for periods extending from less than a minute to as long as several hours.[27]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c "Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Hawaii, Fuel Type-Check all, Annual, 2001–20". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
  2. ^ "Hawaii Electricity Profile". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2021-01-03.
  3. ^ a b "Hawaii Electricity Profile Analysis". U.S. EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  4. ^ a b Energy Information Administration (15 September 2020). "Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (EIA-860A/860B)". eia.gov. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020.
  5. ^ "AES Hawaii Generation Plant". Global Energy Monitor. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  6. ^ "Recycled Products Made in Hawaii". City & County of Honolulu's Department of Environmental Services. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  7. ^ "Burning old tires generates energy". Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  8. ^ "AES Hawaii". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  9. ^ "Kapaia Power Station". ostg.com. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  10. ^ "Kapaia Power Station Oil Plant". Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  11. ^ "Port Allen Oil Power Plant". IndustryAbout. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
  12. ^ "Campbell Industrial Park". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  13. ^ "Kapaia Power Station". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  14. ^ "Firing up biomass facility". thegardenisland.com. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  15. ^ "Covanta Honolulu". Covanta. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  16. ^ "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport Emergency Power Facility In Full Operation". Hawaii.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  17. ^ "Hawaiian Electric, U.S. Army announce completion of Schofield Generating Station". Hawaiian Electric Company. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  18. ^ "Lava speeds up, forcing evacuations and covering well at Puna Geothermal plant". Star Advertiser. May 27, 2018.
  19. ^ "Puna Geothermal Venture faces challenges amid uncertainty". Star Advertiser. July 8, 2018.
  20. ^ a b c "Hydroelectricity". www.hawaiianelectric.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  21. ^ a b "Tesla built a huge solar energy plant on the island of Kauai". theverge.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  22. ^ a b "Kauai utility to start work on $54M Anahola solar farm this spring". bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  23. ^ a b "AES Completes Record-Breaking Solar and Battery Plant on Kauai". greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  24. ^ "Auwahi Wind" (PDF). Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2019-05-01.
  25. ^ Robert Walton (2016-09-28). "In pursuit of 100% renewables, HECO installs 1st utility-scale battery on Oahu". Utility Dive.
  26. ^ "$3.1M Battery Proposed for Power Plant". themolokaidispatch.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  27. ^ "Grid Modernization". Hawaii State Energy Office. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
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