List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals
List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.
Psychoactive plant phylogeny with active ingredient indicated
Plants[]
Minimally psychoactive plants which contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:
- Coffee
- Tea (caffeine in tea is sometimes called theine) – also contains theanine
- Guarana (caffeine in guarana is sometimes called guaranine)
- Yerba Mate (caffeine in yerba mate is sometimes called mateine)
- Cocoa
- Kola
Most known psychoactive plants:
- Cannabis: cannabinoids
- Tobacco: nicotine and beta-carboline alkaloids
- Coca: cocaine
- Opium Poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine and narceine
- Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A
- Khat: cathine and cathinone
- Kava: kavalactones
- Nutmeg: myristicin
Nightshade (Solanaceae) plants—contain hyoscyamine and scopolamine
- Datura
- Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
- Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
- Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
- other Solanaceae
Cacti with mescaline:
- Peyote
- other Lophophora
- Peruvian Torch cactus
- San Pedro cactus
- other Echinopsis
Other plants:
- Kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine and Corynantheidine
- Ephedra: ephedrine
- Damiana
- Calea zacatechichi
- Silene capensis
- valerian: valerian (the chemical with the same name)
- various plants like Chacruna, Jurema, – DMT, 5-MeO-DMT
- Cebil/Yopo (Anadenanthera peregrina and colubrina) - Bufotenine
- Morning glory and Hawaiian Baby Woodrose – lysergic acid amide (LSA, ergine)
- Iboga: ibogaine, noribogaine, ibogamine, voacangine, 18-methoxycoronaridine
- Areca catechu (see: betel and paan)—arecoline
- Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine
- Yohimbe: yohimbine, corynantheidine
- Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone
- Glaucium flavum (yellow horned poppy, yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy): glaucine
- California poppies: protopine, allocryptopine,
- Mimosa hostilis: DMT
Fungi[]
Fungi:
- Psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, baeocystin and norbaeocystin
- psilocybin-containing genera include: Copelandia, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus and Psilocybe
- Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid, muscimol and muscarine
- various Amanita mushrooms: bufotenine
- Claviceps purpurea and other Clavicipitaceae: ergotamine
- Collybia maculata: [1]
- Dictyonema huaorani: psilocybin, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT
Animals[]
Psychoactive animals:
- fire salamander: samandarin
- hallucinogenic fish
- psychoactive toads: bufotenin, Bufo alvarius (Colorado River toad or Sonoran Desert toad) also contains 5-MeO-DMT
- Several sea sponges: brominated DMT analogs, notably 5-Bromo-DMT:
- Smenospongia aurea: 5-Bromo-DMT[2][3]
- Smenospongia echina: 5,6-Dibromo-DMT[2][3]
- Verongula rigida: 5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al.[2][3]
- Eudistoma fragum: 5-Bromo-DMT[2]
- Paramuricea chamaeleon: DMT, NMT[2]
- Villogorgia rubra: NMT[2]
- Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II and dermorphin.
See also[]
- Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record
- List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids
- List of plants used for smoking
- Medicinal fungi
- N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
- Psilocybin mushrooms
- Psychoactive cacti
References[]
- ^ Gupta, Achla; Gomes, Ivone; Bobeck, Erin N.; Fakira, Amanda K.; Massaro, Nicholas P.; Sharma, Indrajeet; Cavé, Adrien; Hamm, Heidi E.; Parello, Joseph; Devi, Lakshmi A. (24 May 2016). "Collybolide is a novel biased agonist of κ-opioid receptors with potent antipruritic activity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (21): 6041–6046. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.6041G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1521825113. PMC 4889365. PMID 27162327.
- ^ a b c d e f Shulgin, Alexander (1997). TIHKAL: The Continuation. Transform Press. ISBN 9780963009692.
- ^ a b c Morris H, Wallach J (26 March 2013). "Sea DMT". Vice Magazine. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
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Categories:
- Biological sources of psychoactive drugs
- Lists of plants
- Lists of animals
- Hallucinations