List of rocks on Mars

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Martian rocks" redirects here. For Martian meteorites found on Earth, see List of Martian meteorites.

This is an alphabetical list of named rocks (and meteorites) found on Mars, by mission. This list is a sampling of rocks viewed, and is not an exhaustive listing. A more complete listing may be found on the various NASA mission web sites. This listing does not include Martian meteorites found on Earth.

Names for Mars rocks are largely unofficial designations used for ease of discussion purposes, as the International Astronomical Union's official Martian naming system declares that objects smaller than 100 m (330 ft) are not to be given official names. Because of this, some less significant rocks seen in photos returned by Mars rovers have been named more than once, and others have even had their names changed later due to conflicts or even matters of opinion. Often rocks are named after the children or family members of astronauts or NASA employees. The name Jazzy, for example, was taken from a girl named Jazzy who grew up in Grand Junction, CO, USA. Her father worked for NASA and contributed to the findings and naming of the rocks.

Acheron FossaeAcidalia PlanitiaAlba MonsAmazonis PlanitiaAonia PlanitiaArabia TerraArcadia PlanitiaArgentea PlanumArgyre PlanitiaChryse PlanitiaClaritas FossaeCydonia MensaeDaedalia PlanumElysium MonsElysium PlanitiaGale craterHadriaca PateraHellas MontesHellas PlanitiaHesperia PlanumHolden craterIcaria PlanumIsidis PlanitiaJezero craterLomonosov craterLucus PlanumLycus SulciLyot craterLunae PlanumMalea PlanumMaraldi craterMareotis FossaeMareotis TempeMargaritifer TerraMie craterMilankovič craterNepenthes MensaeNereidum MontesNilosyrtis MensaeNoachis TerraOlympica FossaeOlympus MonsPlanum AustralePromethei TerraProtonilus MensaeSirenumSisyphi PlanumSolis PlanumSyria PlanumTantalus FossaeTempe TerraTerra CimmeriaTerra SabaeaTerra SirenumTharsis MontesTractus CatenaTyrrhen TerraUlysses PateraUranius PateraUtopia PlanitiaValles MarinerisVastitas BorealisXanthe TerraMap of Mars
The image above contains clickable links
(view • discuss)
Interactive image map of the global topography of Mars, overlain with locations of Mars Lander and Rover sites. Hover your mouse over the image to see the names of over 60 prominent geographic features, and click to link to them. Coloring of the base map indicates relative elevations, based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Whites and browns indicate the highest elevations (+12 to +8 km); followed by pinks and reds (+8 to +3 km); yellow is 0 km; greens and blues are lower elevations (down to −8 km). Axes are latitude and longitude; Polar regions are noted.
(See also: Mars map; Mars Memorials map / list)
(   Active ROVER •   Inactive •   Active LANDER •   Inactive •   Future )
Beagle 2
← Beagle 2 (2003)
Bradbury Landing
Curiosity (2012) →
Deep Space 2
Deep Space 2 (1999) →
Columbia Memorial Station
InSight Landing
InSight (2018) →
Mars 2
Mars 3
Mars 6
Mars 6 (1973) →
Mars Polar Lander
Polar Lander (1999) ↓
Challenger Memorial Station
↑ Opportunity (2004)
Mars 2020
← Perseverance (2021)
Green Valley
← Phoenix (2008)
Schiaparelli EDM
Schiaparelli EDM (2016) →
Carl Sagan Memorial Station
← Sojourner (1997)
Columbia Memorial Station
Spirit (2004) ↑
↓Zhurong (2021)
Thomas Mutch Memorial Station
Viking 1 (1976) →
Gerald Soffen Memorial Station
Viking 2 (1976) →
Notable rocks on Mars
Adirondacksquare.jpg
PIA00819left-MarsRock-BarnacleBill.gif
PIA14762-MarsCuriosityRover-BathurstInletRock.jpg
MarsViking1Lander-BigJoeRock-19780211.jpg
Block Island.jpg
58606main image feature 167 jwfull.jpg
MarsCuriosityRover-CoronationRock-N165-20120817-crop.jpg
El Capitan sol27 pancam.jpg
Adirondack
(Spirit) 		Barnacle Bill
(Sojourner) 		Bathurst Inlet
(Curiosity) 		Big Joe
(Viking) 		Block Island
(Opportunity) M 		Bounce
(Opportunity) 		Coronation
(Curiosity) 		El Capitan
(Opportunity)
PIA17074-MarsOpportunityRover-EsperanceRock-20130223-fig1.jpg
 PIA16187-MarsCuriosityRover-GoulburnRock-20120817-crop.jpg
PIA07269-Mars Rover Opportunity-Iron Meteorite.jpg
PIA09089-RA3-hirise-closeup annotated.png
 PIA17062-MarsCuriosityRover-HottahRockOutcrop-20120915.jpg PIA16192-MarsCuriosityRover-Target-JakeRock-20120927.jpg
PIA05482 modest.jpg
NASA Curiosity rover - Link to a Watery Past (692149main Williams-2pia16188-43).jpg
Esperance
(Opportunity) 		Goulburn
(Curiosity) 		Heat Shield
(Opportunity) M 		Home Plate
(Spirit) 		Hottah
(Curiosity) 		Jake Matijevic
(Curiosity) 		Last Chance
(Opportunity) 		Link
(Curiosity)
Mackinac Island.jpg
Mars rock Mimi by Spirit rover.jpg
PIA13418 - Oileán Ruaidh meteorite on Mars (false colour).jpg
Pot of gold upclose.jpg
PIA16452-MarsCuriosityRover-Rocknest3Rock-20121005.jpg
391243main-MarsRover-ShelterIslandMeteorite-20091002-crop.jpg
PIA16795-MarsCuriosityRover-TintinaRock-Context-20130119.jpg
NASA-MarsRock-Yogi-SuperRes.jpg
Mackinac Island
(Opportunity) M 		Mimi
(Spirit) 		Oileán Ruaidh
(Opportunity) M 		Pot of Gold
(Spirit) 		Rocknest 3
(Curiosity) 		Shelter Island
(Opportunity) M 		Tintina
(Curiosity) 		Yogi
(Sojourner)
The table above contains clickable links M = Meteorite - (
This box:
  • view
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1976 – Viking program: Viking 1 and Viking 2 landers[]

See also: Viking program

Viking 1 Lander – July 20, 1976; Last Earth Contact – November 13, 1982.[1][2]
Viking 1 was operational on Mars for 2245 sols (2307 days; 6 years, 116 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 22°29′N 49°58′W / 22.48°N 49.97°W / 22.48; -49.97 (Viking 1 lander)[1]

  • Bashful
  • Big Joe
  • Delta
  • Dopey
  • Grumpy
  • Metate 1
  • Metate 2
  • Midas Muffler
  • Patch
  • Sleepy
  • Sponge
  • Whale

Viking 2 Lander – September 3, 1976; Last Earth Contact – April 11, 1980.[1][3]
Viking 2 was operational on Mars for 1281 sols (1316 days; 3 years, 221 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 47°58′N 225°44′W / 47.97°N 225.74°W / 47.97; -225.74 (Viking 2 lander)[1]
(Raw Images - Camera/Sol and 1-JPL and 2-JPL + NASA Image Viewer.)

  • Bonneville
  • Centaur
  • Doc
  • Happy
  • Icl
  • Mr. Badger
  • Mr. Mole
  • Mr. Rat
  • Mr. Toad
  • Notch
  • Other
  • Plymouth
  • Sneezy
  • Snow White
  • Titan

  • Big Joe rock on Mars – viewed by the Viking 1 Lander (February 11, 1978).

  • Big Joe rock on Mars – viewed by the Viking 1 Lander (February 11, 1978).

  • Big Joe rock on Mars – viewed by the Viking 1 Lander.

  • Rocks on Mars – viewed by the Viking 1 Lander (July 21, 1976).

  • Rocks on Mars – viewed by the Viking 2 Lander (September 5, 1976).

  • Rocks on Mars – viewed by the Viking 2 Lander (September 25, 1977).

Panorama of rocks near the Viking 1 Lander (July 20, 1976) - First "clear" image ever transmitted from the surface of Mars.
Panorama of rocks near the Viking 1 Lander (July 23, 1976).
Panorama of rocks near the Viking 2 Lander (1976).

1997 – Sojourner rover (Mars Pathfinder)[]

See also: Mars Pathfinder

Sojourner rover – July 4, 1997; Last Earth Contact – September 27, 1997.[4]
Sojourner was operational on Mars for 92 sols (95 days; 95 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 19°7′48″N 33°13′12″W / 19.13000°N 33.22000°W / 19.13000; -33.22000 (Sojourner rover (Mars Pathfinder))
(Raw Images - 1-Camera/Sol and 2-Camera/Sol and 3-Camera/Sol and 1-JPL and 2-JPL + NASA Image Viewer.)

  • Anthill
  • Auto
  • Baby Otter
  • Bama
  • Bambam
  • Barnacle Bill
  • Barsoom
  • Basket
  • Bebob
  • Blackhawk
  • Book Shelf
  • Booboo
  • Bosco
  • Boyle
  • Brak
  • Brick
  • Broken Wall
  • Bug
  • Bullwinkle
  • Bunky
  • Cabbage Patch
  • Calvin
  • Cardiac Hill
  • Casper
  • Chimp
  • Clumk
  • Contour
  • Couch
  • Cradle
  • Darth Vader
  • Desert Princess
  • Dilbert
  • Dilbert's Boss
  • Dogbert
  • Dragon
  • Duck
  • Elvis
  • Ender
  • Flat Top
  • Flipper
  • Flute Top
  • Frog
  • Froggy
  • Garfield
  • Garibaldi
  • Garrak
  • Geordi
  • Ginger
  • Goldilocks
  • Goose
  • Gosling
  • Grandma
  • Grizzly
  • Grommit
  • Gumby
  • Half Dome
  • Hamster
  • Hardstop
  • Hassock
  • Hedgehog
  • Hero
  • Hippo
  • Hobbs
  • Homer
  • Hoppy
  • Iggie
  • Iguana
  • Indiana Jones
  • Jailhouse
  • Janeway
  • Jazzy
  • Jedi
  • Jimmy Cricket
  • Kitten
  • Lamb
  • Landon
  • Little Flat Top
  • Longhorn
  • Lookout
  • Lozenge
  • Lumpy
  • Lunchbox
  • Mafalda
  • Marvin the Martian
  • Matterhorn
  • Mesa
  • Mini
  • Mint Julep
  • Moe
  • Mohawk
  • Mouse
  • Mr. Mole
  • Nibbles
  • Nigel
  • Obelisk
  • Otter
  • Pancake
  • Paz
  • Penguin
  • Picnic
  • Piglet
  • Pinky
  • Pinocchio
  • Piper
  • Platypus
  • Pokey
  • Poohbear
  • Poptart
  • Potato
  • Pumpkin
  • Pyramid
  • Pyramid Point
  • Ratbert
  • Ren
  • Rocky
  • Rolling Stone
  • Rye Bread
  • Sandworm
  • Sardine
  • Sassafras
  • Scooby Doo
  • Scout
  • Seawolf
  • Shaggy
  • Shark
  • Simba
  • Sisyphus
  • Smidgen
  • Snoopy
  • Snowy
  • Snukums
  • Souffle
  • Squash
  • Squeeze
  • Space Ghost
  • Spock
  • Spud
  • Stack
  • Stimpy
  • Stripe
  • Stump
  • Sulu
  • T. Rex
  • The Dice
  • Tick
  • Tigger
  • Titus
  • Torres
  • Troll
  • Trooper
  • Turtle
  • Tweak
  • Valentine
  • Warthog
  • Wedge
  • Woodie
  • Yogi
  • Zaphod
  • Zorak
  • Zucchini

  • Rover Map of Sojourner's route on Mars (Sol 83, 1997) (Archive).

  • Barnacle Bill rock on Mars – near the Sojourner rover.

  • Barnacle Bill rock on Mars - viewed by the Sojourner rover.

  • Yogi rock (circled) on Mars – near the Sojourner rover.

  • Yogi rock on Mars – analyzed by the Sojourner rover.

  • Yogi rock on Mars - viewed by the Sojourner rover.

Panorama of rocks near the Sojourner rover (July 10, 1997).
Panorama of rocks near the Sojourner rover (December 5, 1997).

2004 – Spirit rover (MER-A)[]

See also: Mars Exploration Rover

Spirit Rover – January 4, 2004; Last Earth Contact – May 25, 2011.[5]
Spirit was operational on Mars for 2208 sols (2249 days; 6 years, 77 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 14°34′06″S 175°28′21″E / 14.5684°S 175.472636°E / -14.5684; 175.472636 (Spirit rover)[6]
(Raw Images - Camera/Sol and JPL + NASA Image Viewer.)

  • Aboa
  • Adirondack
  • Allan Hills (iron meteorite)
  • Arctowski
  • Belgrand
  • Bread-Basket
  • Casey Station
  • Castilla
  • ChanCheng
  • Cheyenne
  • Clovis
  • Coba
  • Cobra Hoods
  • Concordia
  • Davis
  • Druzhnaya
  • Ebenezer
  • El Dorado
  • Esperanza
  • Faget (geological feature)
  • Ferraz
  • Garruchaga
  • Gueslega
  • Halley
  • Home Plate (geological feature)
  • Humphrey
  • Juan Carlos
  • Jubany
  • King George Island
  • Kohnen
  • Korolev
  • Macquarie
  • Magic Carpet
  • Marambio
  • Mazatzal
  • Melchior
  • Mimi
  • Molodezhnaya
  • Montalva
  • Oberth (geological feature)
  • O Higgens
  • Orcadas
  • Pot of Gold
  • Prat
  • Primero
  • Riquelme
  • San Martin
  • Sashimi
  • Scott Base
  • Sejong
  • Signy
  • Sobral
  • Stone Council
  • Sushi
  • Tetl
  • Tor
  • Tyrone
  • Vernadsky
  • Vostok
  • Wasa
  • White Boat
  • Wishstone
  • Zhong Shan (iron meteorite)

  • Rover Map of Spirit's route on Mars (Sol 1509, April 2, 2008) (Archive to Sol 2555, March 15, 2011 Current).

  • "Adirondack" rock on Mars – viewed by the Spirit Rover.

  • "Home Plate" rock outcrop on Mars – studied by the Spirit Rover.

  • "Mimi" rock on Mars – viewed by the Spirit rover.

  • "Pot of Gold" rock on Mars – viewed by the Spirit rover.

Panorama of rocks near the Spirit rover – Gusev Crater "Winter Haven" ("McMurdo") (August 17, 2006) (high-resolution description).
Panorama of rocks near the Spirit rover – Gusev Crater (August 5, 2004).

2004 – Opportunity rover (MER-B)[]

See also: Mars Exploration Rover

Opportunity rover – January 25, 2004; Last Earth Contact June 10, 2018.[7][8]
Opportunity was operational on Mars for 5110 sols (5250 days; 14 years, 136 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 1°56′46″S 354°28′24″E / 1.9462°S 354.4734°E / -1.9462; 354.4734 (Opportunity rover)[6]
(Raw Images - Camera/Sol and JPL + NASA Image Viewer.)

  • Amboy
  • Berry Bowl
  • Baltra
  • Block Island (iron meteorite)
  • "Blueberries"
  • Bounce
  • Bylot
  • Carousel
  • Chapeco
  • Cheyenne
  • Chocolate Hills
  • Cookies N Cream
  • Diamond Jenness
  • Earhart
  • El Capitan
  • Edmund
  • Ellesmere
  • Escher
  • Esperance[9]
  • Flatrock
  • Florianopolis
  • Guadalupe
  • Heat Shield (iron meteorite)
  • Homestake (vein)
  • Igreja
  • Ice Cream
  • Joacaba
  • Jornada del Muerto
  • Joseph McCoy
  • Kalavrita
  • Kettlestone
  • Kirkwood
  • Lamination
  • Last Chance
  • Lion Stone
  • Mackinac Island (iron meteorite)
  • Marquette Island
  • McKittrick
  • Meridiani Planum (iron meteorite)
  • Oileán Ruaidh (iron meteorite)
  • Palemop
  • Pilbara
  • Pinnacle Island
  • Puffin
  • Pyrrho
  • Razorback
  • Santa Catarina
  • Sarah
  • Sergeant Charles Floyd
  • Shark Pellets
  • Shark's Tooth
  • Shelter Island (iron meteorite)
  • Shoemaker
  • Slick
  • Snout
  • "Sparkling Spheres"
  • SpongeBob SquarePants
  • Steffers
  • Stone Mountain
  • Tennessee
  • The Outcrop
  • Tipuna
  • Tubarao
  • Videira
  • Wave Ripple
  • Whitewater River
  • Wopmay
  • Xanxer
  • Yuri

  • Rover Map of Opportunity's route on Mars (Sol 2055, January 24, 2009) (Archive to Sol 3342, June 21, 2013 Current).

  • "Block Island" meteorite on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover (July 31, 2009).

  • "Blueberries" (hematite spheres) on rock outcrop at Eagle Crater – viewed by the Opportunity rover (Sol 46 – March, 2004).

  • "Blueberries" at "Kirkwood" near Endeavour Crater – Opportunity rover (September 6, 2012).

  • "Bounce" rock on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover.

  • "El Capitan" rock outcrop on Mars – studied by the Opportunity rover.

  • "El Capitan" rock outcrop on Mars – studied by the Opportunity rover.

  • "Esperance" rock on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover (February 23, 2013).

  • "Heat Shield" meteorite (officially, Meridiani Planum meteorite) on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover (January 6, 2005).

  • "Homestake" vein on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover (November 12, 2012).

  • "Jornada del Muerto" – rock found in Perseverance Valley (posted June 4, 2019).

  • "Last Chance" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover.

  • "Mackinac Island" meteorite on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover (October 13, 2009).

  • "Oileán Ruaidh" meteorite on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover (September 24, 2010).

  • "Pinnacle Island" rock - "mysterious" appearance imaged by Opportunity (January 23, 2014).[10][11]

  • "Pinnacle Island" rock - "mysterious" appearance imaged by Opportunity (January 17, 2014).[11][10]

  • "Pinnacle Island" rock - microscopic view by Opportunity (February 1, 2014).[11][10]

  • "Pinnacle Island" rock - location where rock was dislodged by Opportunity (February 4, 2014).

  • "Shelter Island" meteorite on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity Rover (October 3, 2009).

  • "Shelter Island" meteorite on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover (October 1, 2009).

  • "Sparkling Spheres" embedded in trench wall at Meridiani Planum - viewed by the Opportunity rover (February, 2004).

  • "Whitewater River" rock on Mars – viewed by the Opportunity rover (November 12, 2012).

Panorama of rocks near the Opportunity rover – Eagle crater (March 5, 2004).
Panorama of rocks near the Opportunity rover – Payson outcrop – Erebus crater (February 26, 2006).

2008 – Phoenix lander[]

See also: Mars Scout Program

Phoenix lander – May 25, 2008; Green Valley, Vastitas Borealis − Last Earth Contact – November 10, 2008.[12]
Phoenix was operational on Mars for 157 sols (161 days; 161 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 68°13′N 125°42′W / 68.22°N 125.7°W / 68.22; -125.7 (Phoenix lander) (68°13′11.9994″N 125°42′0″W / 68.219999833°N 125.70000°W / 68.219999833; -125.70000 (Phoenix lander))
(Raw Images - Camera/Sol and JPL + NASA Image Viewer.)

  • Baby Bear
  • Burn Alive
  • Burn Alive 3
  • Dodo
  • Goldilocks
  • Lower Cupboard
  • Mama Bear
  • Neverland
  • Papa Bear
  • Rosy Red 2
  • Rosy Red 3
  • Runaway
  • Snow White
  • Stone Soup
  • Upper Cupboard
Panorama of rocks near the Phoenix lander (May 25, 2008).
Panorama of rocks near the Phoenix lander (August 19, 2008).

2012 – Curiosity rover (Mars Science Laboratory)[]

See also: Mars Science Laboratory and Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory

Curiosity rover – August 6, 2012; Gale crater; CURRENTLY ACTIVE.[13]
As of March 23, 2022, Curiosity has been active for 3422 sols (3516 total days; 9 years, 229 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 4°35′22″S 137°26′30″E / 4.5895°S 137.4417°E / -4.5895; 137.4417 (Curiosity rover) (4°35′22.2″S 137°26′30.1194″E / 4.589500°S 137.441699833°E / -4.589500; 137.441699833 (Curiosity rover))
(Raw Images - Camera and Sol and 1-JPL and 2-JPL + NASA Image Viewer.)

  • Alexander Hills (area)
  • Amargosa Valley (area)
  • Bathurst Inlet
  • Bonanza King
  • Book Cliffs (area)
  • Buckskin
  • Burwash
  • Chinle (area)
  • Confidence Hills (area)
  • Coronation
  • Crest
  • Crestaurum
  • Cumberland
  • Darwin Outcrop
  • Dingo Gap (area)
  • Discovery Ridge (area)
  • Egg Rock (meteorite)
  • Ekwir_1
  • Et-Then
  • Flower-like rock
  • Garden City (area)
  • Gillespie (area)
  • Gillespie Lake
  • Glenelg (area)
  • Goulburn
  • Harrison
  • Hidden Valley (area)
  • High Dune (area)
  • Hottah
  • Ithaca
  • Jake Matijevic
  • John Klein-A/B/C
  • Kimberley (area)
  • Knorr[14]
  • Lamoose
  • Lebanon (iron meteorite)
  • Link
  • Little Colonsay
  • Missoula
  • Mojave (area)
  • Mojave 2
  • Murray Unit (area)
  • Not Bones
  • Nova
  • Old Soaker
  • Pahrump Hills (area)
  • Panorama Point (area)
  • Pink Cliffs (area)
  • Point Lake (area)
  • Portage[15]
  • Rapitan
  • Rocknest (area)
  • Rocknest 3[16]
  • Sayunei
  • Selwyn
  • Shaler[17][18]
  • Sheepbed
  • Shoemaker
  • Snake River[19]
  • Stimson unit (area)
  • Strathdon
  • Sutton Inlier (area)[14]
  • Telegraph Peak (area)
  • Tintina[14][20]
  • Twin Cairns Island (area)
  • Unnamed-20120902
  • Unnamed-20180102
  • Vera Rubin Ridge (area)
  • Waypoint 1 (area)
  • Wernecke[14]
  • Whale
  • Whimsical
  • Wildrose
  • Windjana
  • Winnipesaukee
  • Yellowjacket
  • Yellowknife Bay (area)

  • First-Year and first-mile Traverse Map of the Curiosity rover on Mars (August 1, 2013; 3-D).

  • "Alexander Hills" bedrock on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (November 23, 2014).

  • "Bathurst Inlet" rock on Mars – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the Curiosity rover (September 30, 2012).

  • "Bonanza King" rock on Mars - dusted and initially drilled (September 11, 2014).

  • "Bonanza King" rock on Mars - drilling stopped due to loose rock (September 11, 2014).

  • "Buckskin" rock on Mars – Curiosity drilling site
    (July 30, 2015).

  • "Burwash" rock on Mars – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the Curiosity rover (October 29, 2012).

  • "Confidence Hills" rock on Mars - Curiosity's first target at Mount Sharp (September 24, 2014).

  • "Coronation" rock on Mars – first target of the ChemCam laser analyzer on the Curiosity rover (August 17, 2012).

  • "Coronation" rock on Mars – close-up - viewed by the Curiosity rover (August 17, 2012).

  • "Crestaurum" sand patch on Mars – before/after ChemCam laser hits – as viewed by Curiosity (October 20, 2012).

  • "Cumberland" bedrock on Mars - Curiosity's second drilling site (Yellowknife Bay; February 19, 2013; white balanced).

  • "Cumberland" bedrock on Mars - Curiosity's second drilling site - before/after (Yellowknife Bay; May 19, 2013).

  • "Darwin" rock outcrop on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (Waypoint 1; September 10, 2013; overview).

  • "Darwin" rock outcrop ridge - viewed by Curiosity (Waypoint1; September 21, 2013; context).

  • "Darwin" sandstone on Mars - viewed by the Curiosity rover (Waypoint 1; September 21, 2013; closeup).

  • "Egg Rock" meteorite on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (Murray formation; October 27, 2016; context).[21]

  • "Egg Rock" meteorite on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (Murray formation; October 27, 2016; closeup).[21]

  • "Ekwir_1" rock on Mars – cleaned with Curiosity's "Dust Removal Tool" (DRT) (January 6, 2013; closeup).

  • "Et-Then" rock on Mars – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the Curiosity rover (October 29, 2012).

  • "Flower"-like rock – as viewed by the Curiosity rover (February 24, 2022)

  • "Garden City" rock – as viewed by the Curiosity rover (March 18, 2015).

  • "Garden City" rock - closeup – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the Curiosity rover (March 2, 2015).

  • "Gillespie Lake" rock texture – as viewed by the MAHLI camera on the Curiosity rover (December 19, 2012).

  • "Goulburn" rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed viewed by Curiosity (August 17, 2012).

  • "Goulburn" rock outcrop on Mars – close-up viewed by Curiosity (August 17, 2012).

  • "Harrison" rock (and crystals) on Mars – viewed by the Curiosity rover (January 15, 2014).

  • "Hidden Valley" sand - Curiosity's tracks (August 4, 2014).

  • "Hidden Valley" water-related sedimentary deposits on Mars – Curiosity rover (August 7, 2014).

  • "High Dune" sand (undisturbed) on Mars – Curiosity rover (December 5, 2015).

  • "Hottah" rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed viewed by Curiosity (September 12, 2012; closeup; 3-D).

  • "Ithaca" rock on Mars – target of the ChemCam laser analyzer on Curiosity (October 30, 2013; closeup).

  • "Jake Matijevic" rock on Mars – a prime test target of the Curiosity rover (September 19, 2012).

  • Jake Matijevic rock on Mars – target of APSX & ChemCam on Curiosity (September 22, 2012).

  • "John Klein" A/B/C mudstone on Mars – near Curiosity's first drilling site (December 25, 2012).

  • "John Klein" mudstone - results of Curiosity's first drilling tests (Yellowknife Bay; February 6, 2013).[22]

  • "John Klein" mudstone - drill hole (1.6 cm (0.63 in)) made by Curiosity (Yellowknife Bay; May 10, 2013).

  • "Knorr" sedimentary rock on Mars – as viewed by the MastCam on Curiosity (December 20, 2012).[14]

  • "Lamoose" rock (high silica levels) – viewed by Curiosity (July 11, 2015).

  • "Lebanon" meteorite on Mars – viewed by Curiosity (May 25, 2014).

  • "Link" rock outcrop on Mars – ancient streambed viewed by Curiosity (September 2, 2012).

  • "Little Colonsay" possible meteorite – viewed by Curiosity (November 26, 2018).

  • "Missoula" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by Curiosity (July 1, 2015).

  • "Missoula" rock outcrop – "Buckskin" drilling site (July 1, 2015).

  • "Mojave 2" rock on Mars – drilling site - viewed by Curiosity (December 31, 2015).

  • "Murray Unit" sandstone nodules – viewed by Curiosity (March 9, 2016).

  • "Namib Dune" sand on Mars (at night) – (Curiosity rover; January 22, 2016).

  • "Not Bones" on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (August 21, 2014).

  • "Nova" rock on Mars – 1st laser spark imaged (Curiosity rover; July 12, 2014; video (01:07)).

  • "Nova" rock on Mars – ChemCam spectra (Curiosity rover; July 12, 2014).

  • "Old Soaker" rock slab on Mars – Possible mud cracks (Curiosity rover; December 20, 2016).

  • "Pahrump Hills" rock outcrop on Mars – viewed by Curiosity (September 23, 2014).

  • "Pahrump Hills" bedrock on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (November 9, 2014).

  • "Pahrump Hills" sand - viewed by Curiosity (November 13, 2014).

  • "Pahrump Hills" sand - Curiosity's tracks (November 7, 2014).

  • "Pink Cliffs" rock outcrop on Mars - viewed by Curiosity (October 7, 2014).

  • "Point Lake" rock outcrop (detail) on Mars – viewed by Curiosity (June 13, 2013; context).

  • "Rocknest" sand patch on Mars – target for the first use of Curiosity's scoop (September 28, 2012).

  • "Rocknest" sand – first X-ray analysis of Martian soil (Curiosity rover; October 30, 2012)[23]

  • "Rocknest" sand on Mars – scoffmark made by the Curiosity rover (MAHLI, October 4, 2012).

  • "Rocknest" sand patch on Mars – Curiosity's scooper sifts a load of sand (October 7, 2012).

  • Sand tracks – uncover finer grains (Curiosity rover; December 3, 2015).

  • "Rocknest 3" rock on Mars – as viewed by the MastCam on Curiosity (October 5, 2012).

  • Sand moving on Mars – as viewed by Curiosity (January 23, 2017).

  • "Sayunei" rock on Mars – Curiosity's view at night (January 22, 2013; wh light).

  • "Sayunei" rock on Mars – Curiosity's view at night (January 22, 2013; uv light).

  • "Shaler" rock outcrop on Mars – as viewed by the MastCam on the Curiosity rover (December 7, 2012).

  • "Sheepbed" rock outcrop on Mars – as viewed by the MastCam on Curiosity (December 13, 2012).

  • "Snake River" rock feature on Mars – as viewed by Curiosity (December 20, 2012).[19]

  • "Strathdon" rock on Mars – viewed by the Curiosity rover (July 9, 2019).

  • "Strathdon-closeup" rock on Mars – viewed by the Curiosity rover (July 10, 2019).

  • "Sutton Inlier" rock on Mars – broken by the Curiosity rover (January 31, 2013).[14]

  • "Sutton Inlier" soil on Mars - target of ChemCam's laser - Curiosity rover (May 11, 2013).

  • Tintina broken hydrated rock on Mars – viewed by Curiosity (January 19, 2013; context).[14][20]

  • Tintina broken hydrated rock on Mars – viewed by Curiosity (January 19, 2013; analysis).[14][20]

  • "Unnamed-20120902" rock on Mars – as viewed by the Curiosity rover (September 2, 2012).

  • "Unnamed-20180102" curious rock shapes (bio or geo?) on Mars – as viewed by Curiosity (January 2, 2018).[24][25]

  • "Unnamed-20180305" curious rock shapes (bio or geo?) on Mars – as viewed by Curiosity (March 5, 2018).[26][27]

  • "Wernecke" rock on Mars – cleaned with Curiosity's "Dust Removal Tool" (DRT) (January 26, 2013).[14]

  • "Whale" rock on Mars - cross-bedding due to passage of water - as viewed by Curiosity (November 2, 2014).

  • "Whimsical" rock on Mars as viewed from the Curiosity rover (July 27, 2021).

  • "Windjana" sandstone on Mars - as viewed by the Curiosity rover (Kimberley; April 23, 2014; context).

  • "Windjana" sandstone on Mars - drill hole (1.6 cm (0.63 in)) made by Curiosity (Kimberley; April 29, 2014).

  • "Winnipesaukee" rock on Mars - target of the ChemCam laser analyzer on Curiosity (June 8, 2014).

  • "Yellowjacket" rock on Mars – as viewed by the Curiosity rover (May 15, 2015).

Panorama of rocks as viewed by the Curiosity rover – near Bradbury Landing (August 9, 2012).
Panorama of rocks near Mount Sharp as viewed from the Curiosity rover (September 20, 2012; white balanced; raw color).
Panorama of rocks near the Curiosity rover at "Rocknest" (November 16, 2012; white balanced; raw color; interactives).
Panorama of rocks and drilling sites near the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay (December 24, 2012).
Panorama of rocks in "Hidden Valley" near the "Pahrump Hills" on Mount Sharp as viewed by the Curiosity rover (September 11, 2014).
Panorama of rocks at the "Mojave" site on Mount Sharp (January 31, 2015).
Panorama of the rocky slopes of Mount Sharp (September 9, 2015).
Panorama of rocks viewed by Curiosity on the slopes (at 327 m (1,073 ft) elevation) of Mount Sharp (October 25, 2017; video (1:53)).
Panorama of rocks viewed by Curiosity on the slopes of Mount Sharp (December 1, 2019; video (3:09)).
Panorama - viewed by Curiosity (November 16, 2021)
Panorama of rocks near the Curiosity rover – at Yellowknife Bay around sunset (February 2013; Sun simulated by artist).

2018 – InSight lander[]

InSight lander – May 8, 2018; Elysium Planitia; CURRENTLY ACTIVE.
As of March 23, 2022, InSight has been active for 1181 sols (1213 days; 3 years, 117 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 4°30′09″N 135°37′24″E / 4.5024°N 135.6234°E / 4.5024; 135.6234 (InSight lander) (4°30′8.6394″N 135°37′24.24″E / 4.502399833°N 135.6234000°E / 4.502399833; 135.6234000 (InSight lander))
(Raw Images - NASA and JPL + NASA Image Viewer.)

Panorama of InSight lander landing site (December 9, 2018)

2021 – Perseverance rover (Mars 2020)[]

See also: Mars 2020 and Timeline of Mars 2020

Perseverance rover – February 18, 2021; Jezero crater; CURRENTLY ACTIVE.
As of March 23, 2022, Perseverance has been active for 387 sols (398 total days; 1 year, 33 days).
Mars landing coordinates: 18°26′41″N 77°27′03″E / 18.4447°N 77.4508°E / 18.4447; 77.4508 (Peseverance rover) (18°26′40.92″N 77°27′2.88″E / 18.4447000°N 77.4508000°E / 18.4447000; 77.4508000 (Curiosity rover))
(Raw Images - Camera and Sol and 1-JPL + 2-JPL + 3-JPL + NASA Image Viewer.)

  • Landing Site (area)
  • Artuby outcrop (area)
  • Brac rock
  • Cine rock
  • "Crater Floor Fractured Rough" (area)
  • Delta sediment (area)
  • Dourbes rock
  • Faillefeu rock
  • First borehole (Roubion)
  • Foux rock
  • Garde rock
  • Intriguing rocks
  • Máaz – 1st study target
  • Máaz rock
  • Odd Rock
  • "Paver rocks"
  • Rochette rock
  • Wind-carved rock
  • Yeehgo rock

  • First color image
    (February 18, 2021)

  • Delta sediment
    (February 22, 2021)

  • Máaz - 1st study target
    (February 22, 2021)

  • Wind-carved rock
    (February 24, 2021)

  • Máaz rock
    (March 2, 2021)

  • Yeehgo rock
    (March 7, 2021)

  • Odd rock
    (March 28, 2021)

  • Intriguing rocks
    (April 27, 2021)

  • Focus test (video; 0:05)
    (May 10, 2021)

  • Artuby outcrop
    (June 17, 2021)

  • Examining "paver rocks"
    (July 10, 2021)

  • Foux rock
    (July 11, 2021)

  • First borehole (Roubion)
    (August 7, 2021)

  • Rubion laser holes
    (August 8, 2021)

  • Rochette rock
    (August 26, 2021)

  • Rochette rock borehole
    (September 1, 2021)

  • Rochette rock boreholes
    (September 10, 2021)

  • Faillefeu rock
    (September 4, 2021)

  • Cine Rock
    (September 17, 2021)

  • Garde rock-SHERLOC
    (September 18,2021)

  • Garde rock-SHERLOC
    (September 18, 2021)

  • Dourbes rock-WATSON
    (November 5, 2021)

  • Dourbes rock-PIXL
    (November 5, 2021)

  • Brac rock
    (November 15, 2021)

Panorama from Perseverance's Octavia E. Butler Landing site (February 18, 2021)
Panorama from Perseverance's Octavia E. Butler Landing site − Wind-carved rock (February 24, 2021)
Panorama from Perseverance's Octavia E. Butler Landing site (February 21, 2021)
Panorama from Perseverance's Octavia E. Butler Landing site (ultra-high-rez; February 22, 2021)
Panorama from Perseverance viewing Santa Cruz (April 29, 2021)
Panorama from Perseverance – "Crater Floor Fractured Rough" (July 8, 2021)
Panorama from Perseverance views "Crater Floor Fractured Rough" and "paver rocks" area (July 15, 2021)
Panorama from Perseverance viewing the South Séítah geologic unit (September 12, 2021)
Panorama of Perseverance viewing first drill site (enhanced color; July 28, 2021)
Panorama of Perseverance - viewing Santa Cruz (February 16, 2022)
Panorama includes Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter near Octavia E. Butler Landing site (April 6, 2021)

Other rock formations[]

See also[]

  • Chemical gardening
  • Composition of Mars – Branch of the geology of Mars
  • Geology of Mars – Scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars
  • Formation of rocks – Process of rock formations
  • List of craters on Mars
  • List of minerals
  • List of mountains on Mars
  • List of quadrangles on Mars
  • List of rock formations
  • List of rock types
  • List of valles on Mars
  • Martian soil – Fine regolith found on the surface of Mars
  • Mineralogy of Mars
  • Planetary nomenclature – System of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite
  • Rock cycle – Transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous
  • Water on Mars – Study of past and present water on Mars

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d Williams, David R. Dr. (December 18, 2006). "Viking Mission to Mars". NASA. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  2. ^ Nelson, Jon. "Viking 1". NASA. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  3. ^ Nelson, Jon. "Viking 2". NASA. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  4. ^ Nelson, Jon. "Mars Pathfinder / Sojourner Rover". NASA. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  5. ^ Nelson, Jon. "Mars Exploration Rover - Spirit". NASA. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  6. ^ a b Staff. "Mapping the Mars Rovers' Landing Sites". Esri. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
  7. ^ Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna (13 February 2019). "NASA's Opportunity Rover Mission on Mars Comes to End". NASA. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  8. ^ Nelson, Jon. "Mars Exploration Rover - Opportunity". NASA. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  9. ^ Chang, Kenneth (7 June 2013). "Martian Rock Another Clue to a Once Water-Rich Planet". New York Times. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
  10. ^ a b c O'Neill, Ian (January 17, 2014). "Mystery Rock 'Appears' in Front of Mars Rover". Space.com. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
  11. ^ a b c Chang, Kenneth (January 24, 2014). "Mars Rover Marks an Unexpected Anniversary With a Mysterious Discovery". New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
  12. ^ Nelson, Jon. "Phoenix". NASA. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  13. ^ Nelson, Jon. "Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover". NASA. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne (March 18, 2013). "Curiosity Mars Rover Sees Trend In Water Presence". NASA. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  15. ^ Staff (December 3, 2012). "A Sampling of Martian Soils". NASA. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  16. ^ Staff (November 22, 2012). "Thanksgiving on Mars: Working Holiday for Curiosity Rover". Space.com. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
  17. ^ Staff (December 11, 2012). "PIA16550: Layered Martian Outcrop 'Shaler' in 'Glenelg' Area". NASA. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
  18. ^ Hoagland, Richard C. (December 4, 2012). "NASA Announces Curiosity Rover To Investigate Mysterious Linear Features, Called "Shaler"". Enterprise Mission. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
  19. ^ a b Staff (January 4, 2013). "PIA16564: 'Snake River' Rock Feature Viewed by Curiosity Mars Rover". NASA. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  20. ^ a b c Rincon, Paul (March 19, 2013). "Curiosity breaks rock to reveal dazzling white interior". BBC. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  21. ^ a b Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne; Cantillo, Laurie (November 2, 2016). "Curiosity Mars Rover Checks Odd-looking Iron Meteorite". NASA. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
  22. ^ Anderson, Paul Scott (February 3, 2013). "Curiosity 'hammers' a rock and completes first drilling tests". The Meridiani Journal. Archived from the original on February 6, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  23. ^ Brown, Dwayne (October 30, 2012). "NASA Rover's First Soil Studies Help Fingerprint Martian Minerals". NASA. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
  24. ^ David, Leonard (January 5, 2018). "Structures on Mars". Space.com. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
  25. ^ Edwards, Christopher (January 3, 2018). "Sols 1913-1924: Curiosity's Working Holiday". NASA. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
  26. ^ Adamson, Allan (March 5, 2018). "Scientist May Have Found Evidence Of Fossilized Alien Tracks On Planet Mars". TechTimes.com. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  27. ^ Howell, Elizabeth (March 6, 2018). "No, Those Aren't Animal Tracks on Mars". Space.com. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
  28. ^ Kooser, Amanda (12 June 2019). "Star Trek on Mars: NASA spots Starfleet logo in dune footprint - Beam me down to Mars, Scotty". CNET. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  29. ^ Samson, Diane (16 June 2019). "William Shatner Takes Playful Jab At 'Star Wars' Over 'Starfleet' Symbol Found On Mars". TechTimes.com. Retrieved 16 June 2019.

External links[]

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