The motor yacht was severely damaged by fire at Marmaris, Turkey.[1]
Portugal
The motor yacht was severely damaged by fire at Marmaris.[1]
7 January[]
List of shipwrecks: 7 January 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Malaysia
The ferry collided with an unlit barge and partially sank off Semporna. All 156 passengers and crew were rescued, with 22 of them requiring treatment in hospital. The barge is believed to have sunk.[2]
8 January[]
List of shipwrecks: 8 January 2016
Ship
Country
Description
China
The bulk carrier foundered in the East China Sea 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) north of . Her five crew were missing as of 12 January.[3]
10 January[]
List of shipwrecks: 10 January 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Panama
The cargo ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Sakata, Yamagata, Japan. Her eighteen crew were rescued by a Japan Coast Guard helicopter.[4]
The excursion passenger vessel PeeJay V, owned and operated by White Island Tours,[10] caught fire and burned to the waterline off the Whakatane Bar. One crew member was treated for smoke inhalation, there were no fatalities. The NZ Transport Accident Investigation Commission found that the carbon dioxide fixed fire-fighting system installed in the engine room could not be fully effective in extinguishing the fire because the space it was protecting could not be fully closed down.[11]
20 January[]
List of shipwrecks: 20 January 2016
Ship
Country
Description
China
The cargo ship caught fire in the Bohai Sea off Yingkou and was abandoned.[12]
Indonesia
The ferry caught fire in the Savu Sea off Kupang. Her 81 passengers were evacuated. She was on a voyage from Kupang to .[13]
22 January[]
List of shipwrecks: 22 January 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Panama
The cargo ship collided with another vessel off Colón, Panama and sank. Her crew survived.[14]
25 January[]
List of shipwrecks: 25 January 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Vietnam
The cargo ship collided with (Dominica) off the coast of Burma and sank. Her fourteen crew were rescued.[15]
China
The cargo ship was driven ashore on , Hong Kong. Her six crew were rescued.[16]
The car carrier developed a severe list in the Bay of Biscay 148 nautical miles (274 km) off Cape Ortegal, Spain. Her 22 crew were evacuated by helicopter.[17]Modern Express proceeded to drift for several days, and was sighted off the coast of France, but was successfully taken under tow by the tugCentaurus (Spain) on 1 February.[18] She arrived at Bilbao, Spain on 3 February.[19]Modern Express was declared a total loss. She departed under tow on 20 September for scrapping at Aliağa, Turkey.[20]
29 January[]
List of shipwrecks: 29 January 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Panama
The bulk carrier ran aground south of Faux Cap, Madagascar. She broke in two and sank between 9 and 16 May.[21]
31 January[]
List of shipwrecks: 31 January 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The ro-roferry ran aground on a reef off . She was on a voyage from Kotabaru to .[22]
February[]
2 February[]
List of shipwrecks: 2 February 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Mongolia
The cargo ship was severely damaged by fire in , Vietnam. Her eighteen crew were evacuated.[23]
3 February[]
List of shipwrecks: 3 February 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Moldova
The cargo ship was holed by ice in the Azov Sea and was beached at Dolzhanskaya, Russia. She was on a voyage from Azov, Russia to , Turkey.[24]
CSCL Indian Ocean
Hong Kong
CSCL Indian Ocean.
The container ship ran aground in the Elbe.[25] She was refloated on 9 February and taken in to Hamburg.[26]
11 February[]
List of shipwrecks: 11 February 2016
Ship
Country
Description
414
United States Navy
The 34-foot (10 m) Dauntless-class patrol vessel ran aground at the mouth of the St. John River at Jacksonville, Florida. Her five crew were rescued.[27]
12 February[]
List of shipwrecks: 14 or 15 February 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The tanker foundered in the Arafura Sea off Papua, Indonesia. At least thirteen crew were missing as of 17 February.[28][29]
13 February[]
List of shipwrecks: 13 February 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The tanker sprang a leak and foundered in the Strait of Malacca off Dumai with the loss of one of her 27 crew.[30]
16 February[]
List of shipwrecks: xx February 2016
Ship
Country
Description
United States
The tug foundered off Deer Island, Massachusetts. Her three crew were rescued.[31]
18 February[]
List of shipwrecks: 18 February 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The cargo ship caught fire in the Java Sea off the . Her nineteen crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Jakarta to Makassar.[32]
The icebreaker drifted ashore at West Arm in Horseshoe Harbour, Antarctic during a blizzard. Thirty-seven passengers have been transferred to Mawson Station, while the remaining thirty-one crew attempted to refloat the ship.[36]Aurora Australis was refloated on 27 February.
25 February[]
List of shipwrecks: 25 February 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Panama
The bulk carrier ran aground and sank at the bow in the Suez Canal.[37] She was refloated on 9 March.[38]
Taiwan
The ro-ro ship ran aground in the Strait of Taiwan off Penghu Island. All eleven crew were rescued by helicopter.[39]
The bulk carrier capsized and sank in the Yangtze near Shanghai. Her twelve crew were rescued by the Chinese Coast Guard.[46]
3 March[]
List of shipwrecks: xx March 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Japan
The cargo ship was driven ashore and wrecked at . Her five crew were rescued.[47]
4 March[]
List of shipwrecks: 4 March 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The ferry capsized and sank in the Bali Strait off . Four of the 75 people on board were reported missing.[48]
6 March[]
List of shipwrecks: 6 March 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The ferry was driven ashore in . All 39 people on board survived. She was on a voyage from Nabire to Wondama Bay.[49]
7 March[]
List of shipwrecks: 7 March 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The tug was in collision with the tanker (Italy) in the Strait of Malacca 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) south of and sank. Two of her four crew were reported missing.[50]
China
The tanker caught fire in Dalian Bay. Her crew were evacuated.[51]
10 March[]
List of shipwrecks: 10 March 2016
Ship
Country
Description
France
The trawler sank at Town Quay, Dartmouth, Devon, United Kingdom.[52]
France
The trawler sank at Town Quay, Dartmouth, Devon.[52]
11 March[]
List of shipwrecks: 11 March 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Taiwan
The container ship ran aground off Shimen, Taiwan. Her 21 crew were rescued.[53] On 25 March, it was reported that the hull had suffered a major rupture and had broken in two.[54] The stern section was removed in late July and the bow section in early August.[55]
12 March[]
List of shipwrecks: 12 March 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Turkmenistan
The cargo ship struck a submerged object in the Volga River and was beached. She was on a voyage from Olya, Russia to Nowshahr, Iran.[56]
United States
The tug ran into a barge on the Hudson River, north of New York City and sank. Three crew dead.[57][58]
The trawler carrying more than three hundred migrants and towing a fishing boat with two hundred migrants capsized off the coast of Egypt. The fishing boat left the area leaving around one hundred people still alive. More than five hundred drowned.[70]
The tug capsized in the San Jacinto River. One of her five crew was reported missing.[73]
20 April[]
List of shipwrecks: 20 April 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Netherlands
The cargo ship ran aground north of Lesbos, Greece. She was on a voyage from Istanbul to Aliağa, Turkey. Her seven crew and an insurer's representative were evacuated on 26 April, leaving five salvage assessors on board.[74]
The ship ran aground in the Müsellim Passage off Çanakkale, Turkey.[76] Her crew were evacuated by helicopter on 27 April.[77]Nova Cura was refloated on 6 May.[78]
Russia
The tanker caught fire in the Caspian Sea with the loss of one of her eleven crew. Survivors were rescued by helicopter.[79]
China
The cargo ship caught fire near Suzhou. Her crew were evacuated.[80]
The passenger ferry sank at Piraeus, where she had been laid up since 2015. Nobody was on board at the time.[81]
28 April[]
List of shipwrecks: 28 April 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Last Stand
United States
The 42-foot (12.8 m) scallop-fishing boatcapsized and sank in the Atlantic Ocean just east of Cape May, New Jersey, 60 seconds after colliding with the southward-bound 78-foot (23.8 m) tugDean Reinauer (United States), which was pushing a 500-foot (152.4 m) barge. Wearing survival suits, Last Stand′s crew of three abandoned ship in a life raft and was rescued by a United States Coast Guardpatrol boat 10 minutes after Last Stand sank.[82]
The decommissioned patrol vessel was scuttled in 70 to 80 feet (21 to 24 m) of water in Carlisle Bay off the coast of Barbados for use as a recreational diving site.[83][84]
The tanker came ashore burnt out and crewless near Robertsport, Liberia.[86][87]
5 May[]
List of shipwrecks: 5 May 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The ferry ran aground off . Her 115 passengers were evacuated.[88]
7 May[]
List of shipwrecks: 7 May 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Hong Kong
The container ship collided with (Germany) 120 nautical miles (220 km; 140 mi) east of Ningbo, China, and caught fire. Her 22 crew were evacuated onto Northern Jasper.[89]Safmarine Meru was later towed in to Ningbo.[90]
9 May[]
List of shipwrecks: 9 May 2016
Ship
Country
Description
China
The tanker collided with (China) in the Pearl River and was beached. Her 15 crew were evacuated.[91]
The bulk carrier ran aground at , Mauritius following a fight amongst crew members.[107] She was refloated on 25 July and taken under tow for Alang, India for scrapping.[108][109]Benita foundered under tow on 30 July 2016 whilst 93.5 nautical miles (173.2 km) off the coast of Mauritius.[110] As of February 2017, the ship's insurer, the London P&I Club expected gross claims mostly in liability to the salvor, to be only around US$15m.[111]
18 June[]
List of shipwrecks: 18 June 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The cargo ship foundered in the Java Sea off with the loss of two of her fifteen crew. Twelve were rescued, one was reported missing. She was on a voyage from Gresik to Kumai.[112]
Italy
The tug caught fire off Gioia Tauro. Her thirteen crew were rescued by the Italian Coast Guard.[113]
27 June[]
List of shipwrecks: 27 June 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Mozambique
The dredger was in collision with (Panama) and was beached at Beira.[114]
28 June[]
List of shipwrecks: 28 June 2016
Ship
Country
Description
China
The cargo ship capsized and sank in the Yangtze River at Yueyang. Nine of her eleven crew were rescued, two were reported missing.[115]
The passenger ferry ran aground and partially sank at the entrance to the Manchester Ship Canal. All 75 passengers and crew were rescued by (Netherlands).
13 July[]
List of shipwrecks: 13 July 2016
Ship
Country
Description
China
The cargo ship collided with (China) and sank in the Yangtze River. Her fifteen crew were rescued.[118][119]
The decommissioned Oliver Hazard Perry-classguided-missile frigate was sunk as a target in the Pacific Ocean 55 nautical miles (102 km) north of Kauai, Hawaii, during the naval exercise RIMPAC 2016.
15 July[]
List of shipwrecks: 15 July 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Malaysia
The container ship ran aground in the South China Sea (2°11′S107°03′E / 2.183°S 107.050°E / -2.183; 107.050). She was on a voyage from Esperance, Western Australia to Port Klang. She was refloated on 3 September and resumed her voyage.[120]
Japan
The cargo ship collided with (Japan) off . She capsized and sank with the loss of two of her crew.[121]
The tanker collided with (Panama) and partially sank 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off . Her crew were rescued.[133][134]
8 August[]
List of shipwrecks: 8 August 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Vietnam
The cargo ship collided with (China) in the South China Sea and sank. Nine of her eleven crew were rescued.[135]
9 August[]
List of shipwrecks: 9 August 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Angela Arcella
Italy
The fish farming vessel collided with Maria (Antigua and Barbuda) near Laboratory Wharf in the Grand Harbour, Malta, and it capsized. Two crewmen jumped into the sea and were rescued.[136]
Lebanon
The ro-ro ferry was severely damaged by fire at Tripoli, Lebanon.[137][138]
The container ship was driven ashore at Sint Eustatius. She was on a voyage from , Sint Maarten, to Martinique.[143]
17 August[]
List of shipwrecks: 17 August 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Panama
The ferry caught fire off San Juan. All 511 passengers and crew were disembarked before the ferry ran aground.[144] She was refloated on 19 August and towed in to San Juan.[145]
SG-25
Turkish Coast Guard
The ship collided with (Cook Islands) and sank in the Bosphorus. One of her seven crew was reported missing.[146]
The Ohio-classsubmarine collided with USNS Eagleview (United States Naval Service) in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Both vessels were damaged.
20 August[]
List of shipwrecks: 20 August 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Togo
The cargo ship developed a severe list off Yeosu, South Korea after her cargo shifted. All fifteen crew were evacuated by the South Korean Coast Guard. Alfa subsequently came ashore between Jeju and Tsushima Island.[147]
The ro-ro ship ran aground at , Greece.[149] She was refloated on 7 September.[150]
4 September[]
List of shipwrecks: 4 September 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Turkey
The sailing ship capsized and sank 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off Antalya. Nine people were reported missing, 73 were rescued.[151]
China
The heavy lift ship suffered hogging and sank in shallow water north of Shanghai.[152]
9 September[]
List of shipwrecks: 9 September 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Iran
The cargo dhow capsized and sank in the Arabian Sea 96 nautical miles (178 km) off Ras Al Hadd. Her fifteen crew were rescued in a joint operation between the and Royal Navy.[153]
South Korea
The cargo ship sprang a leak and foundered in the Andaman Sea 25 nautical miles (46 km) south west of the "Great Western Torres Islands", Burma. Her fourteen crew were rescued by the tug (flag unknown).[154]
2016 Egypt migrant shipwreck: Carrying about 600 migrants, the boat capsized in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Egypt, killing an estimated 300 people. There were about 160 survivors, and 204 bodies were recovered.
The passenger ferry capsized at Zamboanga due to errors in ballasting the vessel whilst it was being unloaded.[167][168]
23 September[]
List of shipwrecks: 23 September 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Panama
The cargo ship capsized in the Mediterranean Sea off Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. Her sixteen crew were rescued by the Italian Coast Guard. A Greek tug was tasked by the insurance company to bring the capsized ship to Cyrus. She was on a voyage from Dakar, Senegal to Šibenik, Croatia.[169]
24 September[]
List of shipwrecks: 24 September 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Mexico
The tanker caught fire in the Gulf of Mexico off Veracruz. Her 31 crew were evacuated.[170]
The ferry sprang a leak and partially sank at Puerto la Cruz.[177]
12 October[]
List of shipwrecks: 12 October 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Russia
The floating crane sprang a leak, capsized and sank in the Black Sea 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) off Livadiya, Ukraine with the loss of three of her eight crew.[178]
14 October[]
List of shipwrecks: 14 October 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The ro-roferry struck a reef and capsized in the Flores Sea off . All 121 passengers on board were rescued, as were the crew.[179][180]
Canada
The tug ran aground and partially sank off Bella Bella, British Columbia.[181] It was recovered on November 14 of that year.[182] The damage from running aground caused a large fuel spill.
15 October[]
List of shipwrecks: 15 October 2016
Ship
Country
Description
unnamed ferry
Myanmar
The ferry capsized on the Chindwin river killing 73 people. One hundred and fifty-nine passengers were rescued. Over 300 passengers were estimated to be on board, while the official capacity was 120.[183][184]
The cargo ship was severely damaged by fire at Barranquilla, Colomba.[206]
Indonesia
The ferry was beached on . All passengers were evacuated. She was on a voyage from to Dumai.[207]
Brazil
The cargo ship ran aground on a reef and sank in the Atlantic Ocean off Olinda. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Recife to Fernando de Noronha.[208]
16 November[]
List of shipwrecks: 16 November 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Indonesia
The cargo ship capsized and sank at Gresik with the loss of one of her fourteen crew.[209]
17 November[]
List of shipwrecks: 17 November 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Migrant vessel
Libya
At least one hundred people are believed to have drowned off the coast of Libya when their boat sank after they were abandoned off Libya without a motor. Twenty-seven survivors have been transported to Italy.[210]
20 November[]
List of shipwrecks: 20 November 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Hong Kong
Storm Angus: The 199-metre (653 ft) Hong Kong-registered general cargo vessel struck a barge full of rocks after losing engine power in high seas off Dover in the English Channel. Eleven of her crew were evacuated by UK Coast Guard helicopters, whilst 12 remained on board. A French tug was also sent to assist.[211]
The refrigeratedtanker ran aground in the Caspian Sea off Cape Sandy, Kazakhstan.[213] She was still aground in January 2017.[214]
27 November[]
List of shipwrecks: xx November 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Vietnam
The cargo ship foundered in the Gulf of Tonkin 30 nautical miles (56 km) off Quang Binh. Her eleven crew were rescued.[215]
28 November[]
List of shipwrecks: 28 November 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Philippines
The catamaran passenger ferry sprang a leak and foundered off Itbayat Island with the loss of two of her seven crew. Survivors were rescued by (Marshall Islands).[216]
The ship suffered an engine room fire in the Atlantic Ocean (34°10′S0°59′E / 34.167°S 0.983°E / -34.167; 0.983) and was abandoned. Her nineteen crew were rescued by (Panama). Antaios was subsequently taken in tow by the tug (South Africa) and taken to Cape Town, South Africa.[219]
Turkey
The cargo ship was driven ashore at Kartal. Her crew were rescued.[220]
Russia
The cargo ship was driven ashore and sank at Kartal. Her crew were rescued.[220]
3 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 3 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Liberia
The bulk carrier caught fire and sprang a leak in the Atlantic Ocean 860 nautical miles (1,590 km) west of Cape Town, South Africa and was abandoned. Her crew were rescued by (Panama). Antaios was on a voyage from San Lorenzo, Argentina to Durban, South Africa. She was later taken in tow by the tug (South Africa).[221][222]
Spain
The cargo ship ran aground on the Haisborough Sands, in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk, United Kingdom. She was on a voyage from Teesport, United Kingdom to Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, France. Muros was refloated on 9 December and towed to Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands for repairs.[223]
4 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 4 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Russia
The cargo ship ran aground and sank in shallow water at Kartal, Turkey. Her fourteen crew were rescued.[224]
The ship foundered in the Arabian Sea whilst on a voyage from Mukallah to Socotra Island, Yemen with some loss of life. Thirty-five people were rescued.[225][226]
7 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 7 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
United States
The supply vessel foundered 14 nautical miles (26 km) north east of Dutch Harbor, Alaska. Two of her five crew were reported missing.[227]
9 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 9 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Malta
The cargo ship ran aground and was damaged in Lake Malaren.[228]
12 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 12 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
North Korea
The cargo ship capsized and sank in the East China Sea 30 nautical miles (56 km) south west off Fukue Island, Japan. Her 26 crew were rescued.[229][230]
14 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 14 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
India
The cargo ship ran aground, capsized and sank near . Her crew were rescued.[231]
India
The cargo ship was run into by (India) and capsized in the . Ten of her fourteen crew were rescued by the Indian Navy, two reached shore and two were reported missing.[231]
India
The cargo ship was run into by another vessel and sank off Chittagong. Her thirteen crew were rescued.[231]
India
The cargo ship sank off Patenga. Her fourteen crew were rescued.[231]
Philippines
The tanker caught fire and exploded in Manila Bay. Her crew abandoned ship and were rescued. Eighteen of them were injured.[232]
15 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 15 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
China
The container ship ran aground off , off Zhoushan and partially sank in shallow water. Thirteen of her 21 crew were evacuated the next day. She was on a voyage from Humen to Jingtang.[233]
23 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 23 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Iran
Yemeni Civil War: The cargo ship was sunk in the Red Sea off Hodeidah, Yemen by a rocket attack by Houthi rebels with the loss of all but one of her eight crew.[234]
Denmark
The offshore supply vessel capsized and sank in the Celtic Sea whilst under tow to Turkey to be scrapped.[235]
Denmark
The offshore supply vessel capsized and sank in the Celtic Sea whilst under tow to Turkey to be scrapped.[235]
Indonesia
The ferry ran aground in the Banda Sea off Tual. All passengers and crew were rescued.[236]
24 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 24 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Antigua and Barbuda
The cargo ship ran aground and sank on the north coast of Andros, Greece. Her nine crew were rescued by a Hellenic Navy helicopter.[237] The wreck was removed in October 2017.[238][239] Aft scrapped in Aliaga since 26 December 2017
26 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 26 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Turkey
The offshore supply vessel ran aground off Kos, Greece.[240] Some of her crew abandoned ship, others remained aboard.[241] Vessel was serving as a test bed for the Korkut air defense system.[242]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: The ro-roferry was driven ashore at Puerto Galera.[243]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: The ro-roferry was driven ashore at Puerto Galera.[243]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: The ro-roferry was driven ashore at Puerto Galera.[243]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: The tanker was driven ashore at .[243]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: The passenger ferry was driven ashore at Puerto Galera.[243]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: The passenger ferry was driven ashore at Puerto Galera.[243]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: The ro-roferry was driven ashore at , Batangas. All 25 passengers and crew were rescued.[244]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: The ro-roferry was driven ashore, capsized and sank off with the loss of nine of the 23 people on board.[245]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: ro-roferry was driven ashore at Puerto Galero.[243]
Philippines
Typhoon Nina: ro-roferry was driven ashore at Puerto Galero.[243]
28 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 28 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Philippines
The tug sank whilst assisting (Panama) at Zamboanga. Both crew survived.[246][247]
31 December[]
List of shipwrecks: 31 December 2016
Ship
Country
Description
Philippines
The cargo ship was driven ashore at Misamis Oriental.[248]
Turkey
The cargo ship was driven ashore at . She was refloated.[249]
Turkey
The cargo ship was driven ashore at Kartal Kumcular Iskelesi. She was refloated.[249]
^Mizokami, Kyle (December 29, 2016). "Turkish Weapon Ends up in Rival Greece After Lost Ship Runs Aground". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. The fishing vessel was apparently being used as a test bed for a naval version of the Korkut air defense system. Korkut (Turkish for "stern" or "resolute", or even "big hailstone") consists of two 35-millimeter autocannons that can fire 1,100 rounds per minute.
^ abcdefghHancock, Paul (26 December 2016). "Typhoon Nina". Shipwrecklog. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
^Hancock, Paul (26 December 2016). "Shuttle Roro 5". Shipwrecklog. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
^Hancock, Paul (26 December 2016). "Starlite Atlantic". Shipwrecklog. Retrieved 28 December 2016.